蜂窝系统中分布式空域基站协作的仿真研究

对分布式空域基站协作进行了分析仿真,重点对两小区场景和三小区场景采用最大化层虚拟信干噪比算法的预编码技术进行了仿真验证,并与采用最大化虚拟信干噪比算法的预编码技术进行了比对。仿真结果表明通过分布式的基站协作预编码算法,可以有效地抑制小区间干扰,提高系统的性能;结果还表明层虚拟信干噪比算法比虚拟信干噪比算法有更好的性能,增加天线数量也可以提高系统的性能。     

Rayleigh信道下的多小区下行链路性能分析

针对存在来自相邻蜂窝小区的同信道、不同功率信道干扰的单用户下行链路场景,分析了基站和用户均为单天线时的系统性能.系统模型为两个基站、两个用户,基站与用户均为单天线.在期望信号和干扰信号均为Rayleigh分布时,运用基于概率密度函数性能分析法推导了系统中断概率;基于瞬时信干噪比(SINR)的推导,并对瞬时误符号率(SER)取平均的方法推导了平均误符号率(ASER)的闭合表达式和用户的接收SINR的n阶矩;根据用户接收平均SINR的n阶矩表达式,推导并分析了用户接收平均SINR的衰落量(AF)性能.计算机仿真了在不同干扰功率下多小区系统的中断概率、ASER的性能以及AF性能.仿真结果表明:单小区和多小区系统的中断概率、ASER和AF的解析曲线均与数值仿真结果一致.系统性能随着干扰基站功率的降低而提升,系统性能随发送功率的增加增益明显.     

大尺度信干比共享下的基站协作干扰协调

在基于正交频分多址接入(OFDMA)技术的蜂窝移动小区中,小区间的干扰是影响系统性能的主要因素。多点协调(CoMP)技术被视为能够协调小区间干扰的主要手段。在下行多点协作传输系统中,小区基站采用三向天线来对小区划分扇区,从而消除了相邻小区边缘处的干扰。各扇区分别计算扇区内用户的大尺度信干比(SIR),小区之间通过共享大尺度信干比信息,对各自服务的用户按照一定的规则进行匹配,对小区中心用户的SIR和边缘用户的SIR进行了折中,从而有效解决小区边缘用户由于小区间干扰带来的低信干噪比(SINR)问题。仿真结果表明,本文提出的用户匹配算法以较小的反馈开销,较大的提高了小区边缘用户的信干噪比和系统吞吐量。      

大规模MIMO系统中基于溢出概率的鲁棒协作波束设计

大规模多输入多输出(Massive MIMO)技术通过在基站端配置大规模天线能有效提升5G蜂窝系统容量。考虑信道估计误差对系统性能的影响,该文在多小区大规模MIMO系统中形成了用户信干噪比的非溢出概率约束下最小化系统功率的优化问题。针对非凸概率约束中下行波束难于求解的问题,该文根据矩阵迹的性质将优化问题中的非凸约束缩放,进而提出上下行对偶算法求解波束矢量。为进一步减少多小区系统中信令开销,基于大系统分析,提出了仅采用大尺度信息的分布式算法。仿真结果表明,所提的分布式算法与对偶算法相比,在保证用户信干噪比的概率约束时,降低了大规模MIMO系统中传输瞬时信道状态信息的开销,同时具有良好的鲁棒性。     

基于信干噪比的D2D通信功率控制与资源分配

为了优化长期演进(LTE)系统引入设备直传(D2D)通信后带来的同频干扰、系统边缘用户性能恶化问题,提出一种基于信干噪比(SINR)的多小区D2D通信资源分配方案,通过调整信干噪比阈值将部分蜂窝用户(CU)转化为D2D用户并释放频谱资源进而获得较佳的资源分配策略,同时提出一种基于小区间D2D竞争机制的配置算法有效降低小区间干扰.仿真表明,算法能够有效提升系统容量,并提升小区边缘D2D用户公平性.     

认知无线电系统的顽健资源分配算法

摘 要：针对多用户下垫式认知无线电网络中参数不确定性问题,提出了一种顽健分布式功率控制算法。在干扰温度门限和次用户信干噪比（SINR）的约束下,考虑信道不确定性,实现认知系统功率消耗最小化。基于欧几里得球形不确定性描述,利用拉格朗日对偶分解理论给出了顽健功率控制问题的解。仿真结果表明,该顽健功率分配算法能同时满足主用户和次用户的QoS需求,与非顽健算法和传统SOCP算法对比可提升系统性能。     

干扰背景下MIMO雷达部分相关信号设计

在干扰背景下,集中式MIMO雷达可以通过设计发射波形提高系统的输出信干噪比,然而优化后的波形通常会具有较高的自相关旁瓣,降低了接收机对弱目标的检测性能。该文提出一种干扰背景下MIMO雷达部分相关信号设计方法。该方法在兼顾发射信号峰均比(PAPR)的同时,在发射天线对正交恒模波形进行加权处理,并以最大化接收机系统的输出信干噪比为准则建立目标函数,给出一种基于拟牛顿法的连续优化算法求解目标函数,获得最优加权,使得系统的输出信干噪比得到提升。仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效地抑制干扰,并可自适应地将发射信号能量辐射向目标方向,提高系统输出信干噪比。     

分布式无线通信系统中的主从协同功控

分布式无线通信系统通过多个基站与移动台协作通信有效地提高了系统的容量和覆盖范围。然而传统的功率控制算法并不适用于移动台同时接收多个基站信号的情况。本文提出了一种基于适用多小区结构的主从协同功控算法。该算法把为移动台服务的基站分为主基站和从基站,各从基站以主基站分配的功率为参考值分配功率,可使整个覆盖区域内的所有移动台达到平衡的信干比,且可适用于任意拓扑结构的,使用全向天线或定向天线的分布式无线通信系统,并可以采用低复杂度和开销的分布式算法实现。仿真结果表明,在不同环境中,与现有的分布式系统中功控算法相比,新算法可以显著地提高整个系统的容量。     

基于干扰图的家庭基站分簇频谱分配算法

为了减小宏用户和家庭基站之间的干扰,有效分配频谱,本文提出了基于图论着色的分簇信道分配算法。该算法在保证满足宏用户信干噪比(signal-to-interference plus noise ratio,SINR)要求的前提下确定每个家庭基站可用的子信道集,再根据构造的家庭基站系统干扰图,动态地给每个用户分配所有可用的频谱资源。本文分别构建无向干扰图和有向权重干扰图,使用了一种基于簇的改进算法,在保证宏用户信干噪比的条件下,尽量提高家庭基站的吞吐量。仿真结果表明,本文算法可以降低宏用户和家庭基站的中断率,同时频谱效率得到提高。     

一种分布式多点协同波束成形和用户调度算法

为了高效实现多点协同下行链路的协同传输,该文基于最大化最小信干噪比准则提出了一种单层迭代分布式协同波束成形算法,并且证明了该算法的全局收敛性;利用该算法中优化波束的特征,进而提出了一种分布式协同用户调度算法。仿真结果表明,所提分布式协同波束成形和用户调度算法可获得明显优于已有算法的最小信干噪比性能,且只需要很少量的基站间信息交互。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.