人工神经网络在材料科学研究中的应用

人工神经网络模型已成为材料科学中广泛使用的技术，综述了人工神经网络在材料设计，材料加工的智能控制，材料相变研究和材料性能预测等方面的应用。     

材料设计的回顾与思考

依据系统论的观点和材料科学发展的历史进程，材料设计可分为经验设计和科学设计，而科学设计又可分为复合组织、组织、相和原子四个结构层次的设计。经验设计和科学设计兼容将在相当长的历史时期内存在。材料科学将朝着系统科学的方向发展，材料设计也将朝着多结构层次结合的系统工程方向演变。计算机科学的应用将导致以材料科学为基础的各类数据库的建立。随之，各种专门功能的材料设计系统将应运而生。     

材料科学的若干新进展(上)

随着材料微观结构研究的深入和研究手段的进步,近年来材料科学研究取得显著的进展。许多材料科学的前沿领域获重大突破,为新型材料的研究和开发奠定了理论基础。本文论述现代材料科学研究的特点,介绍材料特殊状态、特殊性能和特殊加工技术方面的最新研究成果。     

基于Web的无机非金属材料数据库系统开发

介绍了基于Web平台的无机非金属材料数据库以及实现本系统的相关技术，利用JavaScript和SQL语句相结合的技术实现了客户检索Access数据库并显示结果。本系统已提供材料专业学生使用，充分检验了数据库系统，可供无机非金属材料，矿物材料科学教学，科研及生产人员参考，提高了数据共享性，将具有广阔的发展空间。     

《材料科学与工艺》征稿简则

正《材料科学与工艺》(双月刊)是中国材料研究学会与哈尔滨工业大学共同主办的学术性期刊,主要刊登国内外高等院校和研究机构具有创新性、探索性的高水平学术论文、科研报告及阶段性研究成果,各种材料的组织与性能的关系、制备加工原理及工艺研究的最新成果。刊载内容涉及以下材料及其加工工艺:金属材料、无机非金属材料、有机高分子材料、复合材料、纳米材料、生物/仿生材料、智能/功能材料、材料成型及先进材料加工工艺。投稿要求1.稿件必须是原创性论文,且具有创新性、科学性、先进性和实用性。论点明确、论据充分、数据可     

《材料科学与工艺》征稿简则

正《材料科学与工艺》(双月刊)是中国材料研究学会与哈尔滨工业大学共同主办的学术性期刊,主要刊登国内外高等院校和研究机构具有创新性、探索性的高水平学术论文、科研报告及阶段性研究成果,各种材料的组织与性能的关系、制备加工原理及工艺研究的最新成果。刊载内容涉及以下材料及其加工工艺:金属材料、无机非金属材料、有机高分子材料、复合材料、纳米材料、生物/仿生材料、智能/功能材料、材料成型及先进材料加工工艺。投稿要求1.稿件必须是原创性论文,且具有创新性、科学性、先进性和实用性。论点明确、论据充分、数据可     

《材料科学与工艺》征稿简则

正《材料科学与工艺》(双月刊)是中国材料研究学会与哈尔滨工业大学共同主办的学术性期刊,主要刊登国内外高等院校和研究机构具有创新性、探索性的高水平学术论文、科研报告及阶段性研究成果,各种材料的组织与性能的关系、制备加工原理及工艺研究的最新成果。刊载内容涉及以下材料及其加工工艺:金属材料、无机非金属材料、有机高分子材料、复合材料、纳米材料、生物/仿生材料、智能/功能材料、材料成型及先进材料加工工艺。投稿要求1.稿件必须是原创性论文,且具有创新性、科学性、先进性和实用性。论点明确、论据充分、数据可     

生态材料

从信生材料科学与工程以及净化环境的观点介绍了生态材料的主要研究领域，并展现与生态环境协调的材料和系统的构思，以期引起重视。     

《材料科学与工艺》征稿简则

正《材料科学与工艺》(双月刊)是中国材料研究学会与哈尔滨工业大学共同主办的学术性期刊,主要刊登国内外高等院校和研究机构具有创新性、探索性的高水平学术论文、科研报告及阶段性研究成果,各种材料的组织与性能的关系、制备加工原理及工艺研究的最新成果。刊载内容涉及以下材料及其加工工艺:金属材料、无机非金属材料、有机高分子材料、复合材料、纳米材料、生物/仿生材料、智能/功能材料、材料成型及先进材料加工工艺。投稿要求1.稿件必须是原创性论文,且具有创新性、科学性、先进性和实用性。论点明确、论据充分、数据可靠、图表规范、层次分明、文字精炼、可读性强。     

《材料科学与工艺》征稿简则

正《材料科学与工艺》(双月刊)是中国材料研究学会与哈尔滨工业大学共同主办的学术性期刊,主要刊登国内外高等院校和研究机构具有创新性、探索性的高水平学术论文、科研报告及阶段性研究成果,各种材料的组织与性能的关系、制备加工原理及工艺研究的最新成果。刊载内容涉及以下材料及其加工工艺:金属材料、无机非金属材料、有机高分子材料、复合材料、纳米材料、生物/仿生材料、智能/功能材料、材料成型及先进材料加工工艺。投稿要求1.稿件必须是原创性论文,且具有创新性、科学性、先进性和实用性。论点明确、论据充分、数据可靠、图表规范、层次分明、文字精炼、可读性强。     

The Structural Ceramics Database: Technical Foundations

The development of a computerized database on advanced structural ceramics can play a critical role in fostering the widespread use of ceramics in industry and in advanced technologies. A computerized database may be the most effective means of accelerating technology development by enabling new materials to be incorporated into designs far more rapidly than would have been possible with traditional information transfer processes. Faster, more efficient access to critical data is the basis for creating this technological advantage. Further, a computerized database provides the means for a more consistent treatment of data, greater quality control and product reliability, and improved continuity of research and development programs.A preliminary system has been completed as phase one of an ongoing program to establish the Structural Ceramics Database system. The system is designed to be used on personal computers. Developed in a modular design, the preliminary system is focused on the thermal properties of monolithic ceramics. The initial modules consist of materials specification, thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, specific heat, thermal shock resistance, and a bibliography of data references. Query and output programs also have been developed for use with these modules. The latter program elements, along with the database modules, will be subjected to several stages of testing and refinement in the second phase of this effort. The goal of the refinement process will be the establishment of this system as a user-friendly prototype.Three primary considerations provide the guidelines to the system’s development: (1) The user’s needs; (2) The nature of materials properties; and (3) The requirements of the programming language. The present report discusses the manner and rationale by which each of these considerations leads to specific features in the design of the system.     

辅助新材料设计的智能数据库

本文研究了辅助新材料设计的智能数据库，它以图文数据库（包括化学成分，制备条件，材料微观结构等）中大量信息为基础，综合数据库，图象处理，模式识别，人工神经网络和优化决策等手段，完成材料配方设计和工艺参数优化设计。本文以实例介绍了智能数据库优化设计的过程。     

HDPE/LDPE/SBS高耐应力开裂复合材料亚微相态-力学性能-流变性能的研究(Ⅱ)

通过HDPE/LDPE/SBS三元复合,可制得高耐开裂聚烯烃高分子合金复合材料.至目前,对本课题所涉及的上述复合材料的加工流变性能的研究尚未见报导.通常研究这一类复合材料时,多半应用幂律型非牛顿指数方程,但是所得到的流变参数很难反映这种复材料流变过程的内在机理,因此本文着重使用JRG流变本构方程来研究HDPE/LDPE/SBS三元复合体系的流变机制,并与幂律方程的结果作了系统的对比,其结果表明,由JRG方程得到3个流变参数ΔE~0、α、β更好地反映了这种复合材料的流变性能,为加工应用这种材料提供了理论依据.其中2~#、10~#样品流变性能最好,4~#、6~#样品同时具有较好的流变加工性和耐环境应力开裂性.     

工程材料研究中科学问题的思考

在不少场合下,航天用工程材料处在极端条件下工作,这就对材料提出许多特殊的要求,虽然国内外有一定的研究积累,但对更精确的模型和符合特定材料的损伤的状态方程,有待深一步研究。如高级弹头再入时气动加热和粒子云侵蚀以及两者耦合效应引起弹头防护材料增大后退量的问题;空中垃圾和微流星的高速碰撞对航天器的威胁;特别是核爆和激光武器对材料的损伤和破坏,实质上是辐射引起的热击波层裂破坏,这些都属于超高速碰撞对材料的响应问题。天线罩材料、吸波材料、红外隐身材料、电磁屏蔽材料都是具有不同波长电磁波的电磁功能材料,它们对固体介质的穿透、吸收、反射等会产生响应,不同的电磁功能材料,其宏观性能的物理参量不同,但有几个参量是通用的,如介电常数、磁导率和损耗角正切,搞清这些参量与材料微观结构的关系,可以为材料设计和材料创新提供科学依据。     

材料数据库系统在选材评价中的综合应用研究

基于材料数据库的选材评价,可以充分发挥数据库海量存贮能力、强大的检索功能与计算机的超级计算能力,使待评价材料的筛选和大量数据初始化处理与模型计算等评价的繁琐复杂过程变得快捷、准确、简便和智能。在构建材料数据库系统的基础上,开发出材料适用性评价方法功能模块,实现了基于材料数据库的计算机辅助选材评价,在材料数据库系统向智能化技术发展的方向上进行了有益的尝试。通过评价得到的量化结果,直观反映出性能相近或各有优劣的选材方案的差异,减少了仅凭经验甄别选材方案时的主观性或盲目性。     

Modeling and Design of Experiments of Laser Cladding Process by Genetic Programming and Nondominated Sorting

Laser deposition of materials represents a modern additive technology that has a number of advantages over remaining technologies for depositing metallic materials. Besides a low-energy input, a quality bond, and minimal heat-affected zone, this technology is also characterized by the good mechanical properties of the deposited material that is a result of rapid cooling. Despite the prospects, this technology is still at the developing phase. New materials and techniques for determining optimal process parameters are being introduced. In this article, we developed a system for modeling (predicting) the properties of the deposited material and used design of experiments (DOE) for the laser cladding process parameter selection. Based on the experimental data obtained during cladding process, models were made for predicting the volume and roughness of the deposited material. Genetic programming was used for modeling the process. Then, a set of several thousand possible combinations (settings) of the machine parameters was produced on the basis of the obtained model. The most appropriate machine (process) parameters were selected in terms of deposition speed, powder efficiency, and surface roughness. These parameters were determined by nondominated sorting. The results offer the operator of the machine a set of appropriate process parameters that enable the production of high-quality products.     

State-of-the-Art Review of High-Throughput Statistical Spatial-Mapping Characterization Technology and Its Applications

Macroscopic materials are heterogeneous, multi-elementary, and complex. No material is homogeneous or isotropic at a certain small scale. Parts of the material that differ from one another can be termed “natural chips.” At different spots on the material, the composition, structure, and properties vary slightly, and the combination of these slight differences establishes the overall material performance. This article presents a state-of-the-art review of research and applications of high-throughput statistical spatial-mapping characterization technology based on the intrinsic heterogeneity within materials. High-throughput statistical spatial-mapping uses a series of rapid characterization techniques for analysis from the macroscopic to the microscopic scale. Datasets of composition, structure, and properties at each location are obtained rapidly for practical sample sizes. Accurate positional coordinate information and references to a point-to-point correspondence are used to set up a database that contains spatial-mapping lattices. Based on material research and development design requirements, dataset spatial-mapping within required target intervals is selected from the database. Statistical analysis can be used to select a suitable design that better meets the targeted requirements. After repeated verification, genetic units that reflect the material properties are determined. By optimizing process parameters, the assembly of these genetic unit(s) is verified at the mesoscale, and quantitative correlations are established between the microscale, mesoscale, macroscale, practical sample, across-the-scale span composition, structure, and properties. The high-throughput statistical spatial-mapping characterization technology has been applied to numerous material systems, such as steels, superalloys, galvanization, and ferrosilicon alloys. This approach has guided the composition and the process optimization of various materials.     

一种模压代木包装材料的制备工艺及性能研究

利用速生杨树木材加工剩余物,制备了一种用于运输包装的代木材料,并研究其物理、机械性能。采用正交试验设计方法制备了不同代木包装材料试样,并利用极差分析方法分析了不同工艺参数对代木包装材料物理、机械性能的影响。试验结果表明,制备代木包装材料的较佳模压工艺参数如下:热压温度为120~125℃、热压时间为10 min、热压压力为10 MPa、胶黏剂的添加质量分数为10%,在此工艺条件下制备的代木包装材料,其静曲强度、内结合强度、吸水厚度膨胀率、密度分别为17.7 MPa,1.61 MPa,6.1%,0.73 g/cm3。所制备的代木包装材料满足国家标准(GB/T4897—1992)的A类刨花板一等品物理力学性能要求,是一种绿色环保的包装材料。     

头戴式耳机耳垫材质舒适性评价指标体系研究

目的 基于服装材质舒适性研究,建立头戴式耳机耳垫材质舒适性指标评价体系。方法 通过桌面研究的方法,分析服装材质的相关文献,提取服装材质舒适性的各项性能,并根据服装材质的各项性能,分析各项性能的相关指标。首先通过层次分析法,构建基于材质基本性能的头戴式耳机耳垫材质舒适性递阶层次结构模型,通过比较判断矩阵同一层次各指标的相对重要性,进行指标权重分析,得到各个指标的权重。其次通过桌面研究的方法,将耳垫材质进行分类,并总结性能指标的最优测量方法。将耳垫的测量数据进行数据标准化处理,通过Min-max标准化方法,得到所有耳垫材质测量值的标准化数值,将各个指标的权重与每个材质的标准化数值相乘后求和,得到每个材质的舒适性得分。最后对耳垫材质舒适性评价指标体系进行效度分析。结论 通过构建头戴式耳机耳垫材质舒适性指标评价体系,确定了8个耳垫材质舒适性指标,得到了各个指标的权重,并系统地总结了各个指标的测量方法和耳垫材质的分类,最后根据Min-max标准化方法进行数据归一化,通过加权得到耳垫材质舒适性的评分,对该评价体系进行验证,验证结果具有有效性。该指标体系能够为头戴式耳机整体舒适性提供材质选择的参考标...     

Level-set method for design of multi-phase elastic and thermoelastic materials

The problem of designing composite materials with desired mechanical properties is to specify the materials microstructures in terms of the topology and distribution of their constituent material phases within a unit cell of periodic microstructures. In this paper we present an approach based on a multi-phase level-set model for the geometric and material representation and for numerical solution of a least squares optimization problem. The level-set model precisely specifies the material regions and their sharp boundaries in contrast to a raster discretization of the conventional homogenization-based approaches. Combined with the classical shape derivatives, the level-set method yields a computational system of partial differential equations. In using the Eulerian computation scheme with a fixed rectilinear grid and a fixed mesh in the unit cell, the gradient descent solution of the optimization captures the interfacial boundaries naturally and performs topological changes accurately. The proposed method is illustrated with several 2D examples for the synthesis of heterogeneous microstructures of elastic and/or thermoelastic composites composed of two and three material phases.