基于秩空间的二次立体匹配

提出了一种基于秩空间的区域立体匹配算法。首先对立体图像进行秩（rank）变换,将图像从灰度空间变换到秩空间,消除因噪声和两个摄像机参数不一致产生的干扰,再根据自然视频序列每幅图像多数景物景深变化不大的事实,把视差分解为全局视差与局部视差之和,在秩空间进行二次立体匹配：先在最大窗口内估计全局视差,然后在这个最大窗口内采用块匹配方式进行二次匹配求各点的实际视差。该二次立体匹配算法有效地消除了误匹配,提高正确匹配率。实验结果证明,提出的算法优于传统的基于区域的立体匹配方法。     

基于自适应极线距离变换的立体匹配

针对极线距离变换对噪声的敏感性及其在不连续区域匹配的不确定性,提出一种基于自适应极线距离变换的立体匹配算法.自适应极线距离变换利用图像结构特征,提出迭代目标尺度算法与区域不连续图来自适应选择极线距离变换参数,将图像的强度信息转化为沿着极线局部分割区域的相对位置信息,在区分低纹理区域像素点的同时保持了图像边缘信息;采用局部极小窗口均值计算分割线长度,有效地提高了低纹理区域对噪声的鲁棒性.对多幅真实图像的实验结果表明,自适应极线距离变换对低纹理区域以及不连续区域是有效的,且采用变换后图像计算视差的立体匹配算法,有效地降低了图像边缘点和噪声点等不连续区域的误匹配率,提高了图像匹配精度.     

基于自适应参数的非局部立体匹配算法

针对现有非局部立体匹配算法在不同纹理图像下因选取固定参数而导致整体误匹配率偏高的问题,提出一种自适应参数的非局部立体匹配算法。对颜色差和水平及垂直方向梯度代价进行归一化处理并加权融合,通过对融合后代价作对数变换,提高了单像素匹配代价在低纹理区域表现;在色度,饱和度,纯度(HSV)颜色空间上,计算参考图的平均色度差,自适应调节代价聚合参数;经过视差选择获得视差图。实验结果表明:所提算法在Middlebury测试平台对31组立体图像对处理后的平均误差为7. 86%。在低纹理区域误匹配率进一步降低,具有更好的泛化性。     

基于MRF和颜色空间的立体图像匹配算法

为了提高立体图像匹配的效率和准确度,对基于马尔可夫随机场(Markov Random Fields,MRF)的立体图像匹配算法进行改进,提出一种基于MRF和颜色空间的立体图像匹配算法.该算法利用颜色距离构建匹配代价函数,以充分利用彩色图像中的颜色信息,并采用加速的信度传播算法进行能量最小化.分别利用灰度信息、RGB信息、HSI信息进行立体匹配实验.实验结果表明,改进后的算法能加快收敛,降低误匹配率.     

基于SIFT特征描述子的立体匹配算法

目前,立体匹配是计算机视觉领域最活跃的研究课题之一。为了克服传统的局部特征匹配算法对噪声和图像灰度的非线性变换敏感的缺点,本文提出了一种新的基于SIFT(Scale Invariant Feature Transform)特征描述子的立体匹配算法。该算法利用图像梯度信息,构造基于三维梯度方向直方图的SIFT特征描述子作为区域特征描述符,通过立体视觉理论中的极线约束将匹配特征的搜索空间从二维降到一维,最后以基于特征描述子欧氏距离的最近邻匹配得到匹配结果。实验结果表明,该方法匹配精度高,对图像灰度的非线性变换比较鲁棒,可以应用于对匹配算法鲁棒性要求比较高的立体视觉系统中。     

基于MRF和颜色空间的立体图像匹配算法

为了提高立体图像匹配的效率和准确度,对基于马尔可夫随机场（Markov Random Fields,MRF）的立体图像匹配算法进行改进,提出一种基于MRF和颜色空间的立体图像匹配算法。该算法利用颜色距离构建匹配代价函数,以充分利用彩色图像中的颜色信息,并采用加速的信度传播算法进行能量最小化。分别利用灰度信息、RGB信息、HSI信息进行立体匹配实验。实验结果表明,改进后的算法能加快收敛,降低误匹配率。     

新的单目立体视觉的视差图的获得方法

在立体视觉中,视差间接反映物体的深度信息,视差计算是深度计算的基础。常见的视差计算方法研究都是面向双目立体视觉,而双焦单目立体视觉的视差分布不同于双目视差,具有沿极线辐射的特点。针对双焦单目立体视觉的特点,提出了一种单目立体视差的计算方法。对于计算到的初步视差图,把视差点分类为匹配计算点和误匹配点。通过均值偏移向量（Mean Shift）算法,实现了对误匹配点依赖于匹配点和图像分割的视差估计,最终得到致密准确的视差图。实验证明,这种方法可以通过双焦立体图像对高效地获得场景的视差图。     

一种利用动态规划和左右一致性的立体匹配算法

立体匹配是计算机视觉领域研究的一个重要课题,为了得到准确、稠密的视差图,提出了一种利用动态规划和左右一致性的立体匹配算法。该算法首先分别以左、右图像为基元图像,计算各自的视差空间图像,在视差空间图像上利用动态规划,计算得到左视差图和右视差图;然后通过使用左右视差图之间的一致性关系,消除误匹配点,得到较为准确的部分视差图;最后利用视差图的顺序约束关系,给出未匹配视差点的搜索空间计算方法,并利用一种简单有效的方法来计算这些点的视差值。在一些标准立体图像对上所做的实验结果表明,该算法效果良好。     

自适应窗口的时间规整立体匹配算法

针对立体视觉中图像对应点的误匹配问题,以时间规整算法(DTW)为基础,提出了自适应窗口的立体匹配算法．根据外极线的约束,在自适应窗口内采用灰度相关技术得到长度不相等的两个灰度段作为相容的匹配序列;利用动态规划法及连续性约束寻找一条最佳的匹配路径．根据回溯得到的匹配路径及其坐标值得到高密度视差图．实验结果表明,该算法具有较高的运行效率和良好的匹配效果．     

基于双序列比对算法的立体图像匹配方法*

在分析现有立体匹配方法的基础上,提出一种基于双序列比对算法的立体图像匹配方法。将立体图像对中同名极线上的像素灰度值看做是一对字符序列,使用基于动态规划思想的双序列比对算法对这些对字符序列进行匹配,以获取立体图像视差。为验证该方法的可行性和适用性,采用人脸立体图像对进行实验。实验结果表明,使用该方法进行立体图像匹配能获得光滑的、稠密的视差图。基于动态规划思想的双序列比对算法能够有效地解决立体图像匹配问题,从而为图像的立体匹配提供了一个实用有效的方法。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.