Q235钢的缺口效应及其声发射监测

用声发射监测带有不同深度缺口的Q235钢试样的拉伸试验，由声发射信号分析判断缺口发生破坏的情况。缺口深度越大，声发射活动性越小，声发射事件振幅较小。缺口效应引起了声发射特性的变化。     

基于声发射技术检测镁合金挤压过程动态摩擦研究

研究了镁合金在挤压过程中的坯料与工模具接触表面的摩擦状态。采用声发射技术对AZ91镁合金在不同挤压速度下挤压成形过程摩擦信号进行采集分析,研究挤压速度对摩擦声发射信号的影响,并分析了挤压型材的组织和力学性能。结果表明,镁合金在挤压过程中声发射信号振幅和能量随滑动速度增加而增加,不同挤压速度下声发射振幅信号平均值为64.4 d B。声发射振幅与声发射能量具有对应性;挤出型材抗拉强度和屈服强度随挤压速度的增加而增加,当挤压速度为10 mm/min时,声发射信号振幅为56.3 d B,抗拉强度为350 N/mm2,平均晶粒尺寸为63.2μm;当挤压速度为40 mm/min时,声发射信号振幅为72.3 d B,抗拉强度为达405 N/mm2,平均晶粒尺寸为53.7μm。为采用声发射技术的实时波形和声发射信号参数的平均值监测金属挤压成形时的摩擦状态提供了试验依据。     

腐蚀条件下储罐底板泄漏的声发射检测

为了研究腐蚀条件下储罐声发射检测泄漏信号的特征,利用具有一定腐蚀程度的储罐模型,分别在无泄漏、滴漏、线状泄漏三种工况下进行声发射检测试验并对信号进行分析。试验结果表明,有泄漏时撞击数和事件数会明显增加,并且在定位图中会出现明显的事件聚集,泄漏信号的参数范围与腐蚀信号基本相同。因此在实际检测中,虽然泄漏信号与腐蚀信号难以区分,但是从定位图以及撞击数、事件累积数可以综合评定储罐的腐蚀和泄漏情况。     

基于声发射技术的PDC复合片性能的分析

PDC钻头在钻进过程中出现崩齿、掉片以及聚晶金刚石(PDC)层脱落是影响钻头工作的关键因素。使用声发射仪采集了PDC复合片在加载过程中的声发射信号,并且采用小波分析方法对PDC的声发射信号进行了时频分解。结果表明,通过时频分解可以得到PDC复合片的AE特征信号;PDC复合片中弹性变形的信号频率集中出现在低频信号中,且AE信号的幅度与载荷大小呈正相关;高频信号中的突发型信号可以反映PDC层在载荷作用下的损伤情况。     

单颗磨粒磨削玻璃的声发射实验研究

采用单颗金刚石压头作为磨粒对玻璃进行磨削实验,采集了磨削过程中的声发射信号,分析了磨削参数变化对声发射信号参数特征值的影响。结果表明:磨削过程中产生的声发射信号特征参量值振铃计数值、信号均方根值RMS随着磨削深度和磨削速度的增大而增大;随着工作台移动速度的增大而减小。在本实验条件下得到的声发射信号频率峰值主要在15.53 kHz以及18.65 kHz两个部分,且实验时主要研究玻璃材料脆性方式去除过程,说明了玻璃脆性断裂时产生的声发射信号频率峰值集中在15.53kHz和18.65 kHz。     

大坝混凝土动态弯拉声发射特性试验

为了研究大坝混凝土在不同加载速率下的弯拉声发射特性,并进一步理解不同加载速率下混凝土的损伤发展过程,在MTS试验机上以四种不同的加载速率进行了无开口湿筛混凝土梁的三弯点试验。结果表明,随着加载速率的提高,声发射撞击累计数减少,而撞击率峰值增加,低振幅（35-40 dB）的声发射信号所占比例有所增加,声发射振铃数、信号能量和持续时间的平均值都有提高的趋势;在低加载速率时,混凝土在破坏过程中产生较少数的微裂缝,其破坏机制受少数主要裂缝（跨中位置）控制,而在高加载速率时,微裂缝分布在较宽的范围之内。     

基于声发射的扫地机器人外壳碰撞点定位研究

扫地机器人领域的核心问题是定位问题,对扫地机器人行进过程中的碰撞位置进行有效定位是提高清扫效率的关键。声发射作为一种新型的无损检测技术,它的信号特性让其能在各种材料环境下进行定位实验。基于声发射技术的时差定位系统对于碰撞信号这种突发型信号有较好的捕捉定位能力,采用声发射时差法研究扫地机器人外壳在发生碰撞时的对应位置并进行定位误差分析。结果表明,声发射时差定位法能简单且快速地对碰撞点进行有效定位,利用声发射时差定位计算出的坐标与实际碰撞点坐标的误差最大值为8.45 mm,最小值为0.7 mm。研究结果可为实验研究和工程中声发射事件的精确定位提供重要参考。     

SPCC钢动态摩擦与塑性变形声发射信号对比分析

金属板材在塑性加工中不可避免产生摩擦。利用声发射技术检测塑性加工的摩擦状况。以SPCC钢在单向拉伸与相对运动速度为100mm/min、正压力为7.5 kg的动态摩擦过程产生的声发射信号为研究对象,采用参数关联分析方法对两种信号进行了对比分析。试验结果表明,在相同采集的条件下有①摩擦声发射幅度与拉伸声发射幅度相差不大。②幅度相同时的摩擦声发射能量值比拉伸过程产生的声发射能量值要大得多;而摩擦声发射振铃计数值却小于拉伸声发射振铃计数值。③动态摩擦过程产生的声发射信号的持续时间在从很低到8 000μs这一范围;而拉仲过程声发射信号的持续时间一般低于5 800μs,仅当出现裂纹或断裂时才出现更高的持续时间的声发射信号。     

双差定位法在岩石声发射中的应用

开展红砂岩试件的单轴压缩试验,研究双差定位法在岩石声发射定位中的应用。通过CCD相机采集加载过程中的散斑图像,采用数字散斑相关方法计算得到岩石变形场,同时采集岩石声发射信号,并由岩石双差定位法计算得到声发射定位图,对岩石变形场演化及声发射的时空演化进行分析。结果表明:岩石双差定位法在声发射定位中的应用效果良好,定位得到的声发射事件区域与岩石变形场的变形集中区域的走向基本一致,且在加载过程中声发射事件区域的演变与变形场的演化契合良好。     

高强螺栓应力锈蚀的声发射特征

高强螺栓是钢结构的重要连接构件,其在高应力服役过程中易因锈蚀而出现断裂。为了研究其在应力锈蚀下的损伤演化规律,利用声发射技术对其损伤过程进行了实时监测。结合改进的K均值算法和动态门槛,对声发射损伤信号进行聚类,并进一步对聚类的声发射信号进行锈蚀损伤阶段划分。试验结果表明,高强螺栓的损伤信号可以分为3类,进一步划分其中第三类信号的损伤阶段,最终得到应力锈蚀的4个阶段,验证了提出的声发射方法的有效性,并可使用该声发射方法实时监测高强螺栓的健康状况。     

V型切口板材试件拉伸断裂过程中的声发射特征

制作了直V型切口和斜V型切口板材试件,设计了板材拉伸断裂声发射监测试验。结合金属断裂力学性能和红外热图,分别对两种切口板材主要声发射参数与断裂过程的相关性进行深入分析,研究试件损伤过程的声发射参数表征以及某些参数特征。结果表明,声发射能量计数、振铃计数、撞击、幅度和频谱峰值能较好地表征试件损伤过程。证明了声发射技术应用于钢制结构损伤实时监测和预警的可行性,并得出某些声发射参数的重要特征。     

某型飞机飞行载荷疲劳试验过程中的声发射监测

介绍了某型飞机全尺寸机体飞行载荷疲劳试验过程中对关键部件(包括不可接近部件)疲劳损伤的声发射(AE)实时监测技术。在强冲击、高振动背景下,利用基于时间、空间、幅度或能量滤波等多种信号处理方式,对预处理后的AE信号以趋势分析为主,多参数分析综合验证,另辅以其它方法(包括波形分析),对一些关键部位的健康状态进行AE实时在线监测。成功预报了机翼对接区域某螺栓孔夹层裂纹的萌生,为保证机体飞行载荷疲劳试验顺利进行起到了重要作用。     

Study on source location using an acoustic emission system for various corrosion types

In this paper, four main types of corrosion: uniform, pitting, crevice and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) found in the petrochemical industry, were characterized and identified by Acoustic Emission (AE) analysis using their locations and extracted AE parameters. A novel low-cost AE location system based on a Field Programmable Gate Array PC (FPGA-PC) and a LOCAN 320 AE analyzer were utilized in this study. Specimens used in experiments were austenitic stainless-steel SS304. The pattern of AE signals from each type of corrosion was plotted using their location and correlation. Experimental results show the ability of our FPGA-PC system to determine corrosion locations. The correlations of AE parameters including amplitude, counts, hits and time were used to identify different types of corrosion. In addition, the characteristics of the corrosion process for each type are explained using the AE signals obtained corresponding to the source locations, together with experimental observation.     

Fatigue-life prediction of SiC aluminum composite using a Weibull model

The feasibility of the acoustic emission technique in predicting the residual fatigue life of 6061-T6 aluminum matrix composite reinforced with 15 vol.% SiC particulates (SiC_p) is presented. Fatigue damages corresponding to 40, 60 and 80% of total fatigue life were induced at a cyclic stress amplitude. The specimens with and without fatigue damage were subjected to tensile tests. The acoustic emission activities were monitored during tensile tests. The number of cumulative AE events increased exponentially with the increase in strain during tensile tests. This exponential increase occurred when the material was in the plastic regime and was attributed mainly to SiC particulate/matrix interface decohesion. Cumulative events during post fatigue tensile tests reduced with a decrease in the residual fatigue life. Based on the high cycle fatigue damage accumulation model, a Weibull probability distribution model is developed to explain the post fatigue AE activity of specimens during tensile tests. Using the model, the residual fatigue life can be predicted by testing the specimen in tension and monitoring the AE events. In high cycle fatigue, it was observed that the residual tensile strengths of the material did not change significantly with prior cyclic loading damages since the high cycle fatigue life was dominated by the crack initiation phase.     

Comparison of Acoustic Emission Characteristics for C/SiC Composite Component Under Combination of Heating and Mechanical Loading

The acoustic emission(AE) characteristics of C/SiC composite component under various conditions were compared, with the purpose of identifying the possible damage and failure mechanism. During the process of the single mechanical loading, the highest amplitude of the AE signal was less than 85 dB and the main damage forms of matrix cracking and interface debonding were involved. For the heating process, high-energy AE signals with an amplitude more than 85 dB were detected and fiber fracture mechanism was determined as well due to the thermal stress caused by the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficient between the reinforced fiber and matrix. During the combination process of the heating and mechanical loading, it was concluded that the degree of damage was much severer than the simple superposition of damage produced by the individual mechanical loading and the individual heating process.     

Acoustic emission technique for online monitoring during cold forging of steel components: a promising approach for online crack detection in metal forming processes

The acoustic emission technique is a very promising non-destructive and online capable approach for the detection of damage events in metal forming processes. The feasibility of using this testing method for online monitoring of cold forging processes of the case hardening steel 1.7321 (20MoCr4) was experimentally proven. In this paper, exemplary upsetting tests under varying test conditions were continuously monitored to analyze the relationship between cracking and resulting AE as well as to determine ideal AE measuring parameters. Finally, the critical forming stage of an industrial cold forging process for manufacturing of drive bevel gears is examined by applying acoustic emission technique. Cracking and tool wear were detected by analyzing the distribution of the AE parameters energy, hits and amplitude over the forming process.     

Study on arall failure behaviour under tensile loading

This paper studies the failure behaviour of ARALL (Aramid Aluminum Laminate) under tensile loading by means of acoustic emission (AE), optical metallography (OM) and scanning electronic microscope (SEM), and analyzes the fracture appearance of ARALL and its fracture characteristics. The damage models of ARALL are concluded in this paper. The results show that ARALL will yield under tensile loading, and its strength will decrease as the content of resin increases. During fracture process, AE amplitude distribution curves show that there are three obvious peaks, which respectively correspond to separation of the interface between fibers and resin, local delamination damage and fracture of a small quantity of fibers, and delamination damage of large area and final fracture of a large numbers of fibers. Dynamic damage and fracture process of ARALL can be detected by AE.     

2.25Cr-1Mo材料在拉伸过程中的声发射信号聚类分析

声发射(AE)技术能用来区分发生在受载材料内的不同损伤模式,而聚类分析能在无先验知识的情况下通过揭示数据内部结构对数据进行分类。声发射波形包含了丰富的声发射源信息,而常规的特征参数并不能满足深层次的声源识别要求。文章尝试从波形的频率分布特征、形状特征和强度特征三个方面分别选取小波变换能量特征系数、波形裕度因子和幅值作为描述声发射波形的新参数。基于波形新参数的聚类分析能有效地区分加氢反应器材料2.25Cr-1Mo带裂纹和无裂纹试件拉伸过程中屈服阶段塑性变形信号、微裂纹扩展信号和断裂失稳信号。     

蜂窝夹层复合材料的压缩损伤声发射特征

应用声发射技术对蜂窝夹层复合材料压缩损伤过程进行了试验研究。分析载荷与声发射信号关联图,依据其损伤过程和声发射特征,发现随着加载条件下载荷的增加,复合材料的损伤逐步增大。在加载初始阶段,仅有少量声发射信号,各种表征信号量小幅度增加;在加载中期,声发射信号增多,各种表征信号量不断增大;在加载后期,声发射信号有明显突增,各种表征信号量急剧增加。复合材料压缩损伤破坏与声发射的幅值、能量、撞击、上升时间、持续时间和计数等参量特征相关。根据各阶段特征参量滤波后所得信号分布与实际断裂位置相吻合。