美国氢能及燃料电池产业发展现状及启示

简述美国发展氢能及燃料电池产业的初衷,美国能源部关于氢能及燃料电池在节能、减排、储能、最大化部署可再生能源、加强能源安全方面的研究结果以及H2@Scale计划.介绍了美国氢能及燃料电池工业试验运行和商业化推广情况,及对美国氢能及燃料电池发展情况的认知.     

我国氢能产业发展现状及展望

作为未来绿色可持续发展的新型能源,氢能在全球范围内已经得到了很广泛的应用,并且作为各国能源转型的重要角色纳入到国家整体发展战略当中.阐述了氢能产业上、中、下游的整体形势,及其在燃料电池领域的应用情况,总结了 目前一些发达国家氢能产业发展情况,针对我国 目前情况下未来氢能的发展提出展望.     

我国氢能产业发展现状与思考

我国以化石能源为消费主体,为加快实现"双碳"减排目标,发展清洁能源刻不容缓。从制氢、燃料电池、氢能汽车、加氢站和氢能冶金等方面对我国氢能发展现状进行梳理,分析了我国氢能产业的不足,并对未来氢能发展方向提出建议。研究表明,我国氢能产业处于初级发展阶段,尚未完全掌握氢能核心技术,关键材料及零部件仍依赖进口,导致氢能产业链的生产成本较高。未来我国应加强氢能顶层规划布局、氢能产业核心技术攻关、开展高效制氢技术及拓宽氢能应用场景,为未来氢能大规模发展打下坚实基础。     

燃料电池的进展及应用前景

本文介绍了燃料电池的特点和类型,以及燃料电池在各领域的应用前景和我国目前的进展情况.     

固体氧化物燃料电池产业发展现状及前景分析

固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)是一种直接将燃料化学能转换为电能的能量转换装置,不受卡诺循环的限制,能量转化效率高,而且具备燃料适应性广、清洁无污染、全固态结构、不使用贵金属催化剂等优点。SOFC技术的应用领域十分广泛,不但能够对氢能进行绿色高效利用,还能实现对传统化石能源的高效清洁利用,为实现我国碳达峰、碳中和目标做出重要贡献。介绍了国内外SOFC产业的发展现状,对产业发展前景进行了分析;针对我国SOFC产业发展所遇到的困难提出了相应的解决办法和建议。     

氢能产业发展现状及建议

在总结全球氢能产业发展模式的基础上,重点从政策体系、产业布局、产业基础三方面,介绍了我国目前氢能产业的发展现状;简析了实现低碳清洁氢供应体系关键技术的几个方面,包括:碳捕集、利用与封存技术(CCUS)、可再生能源制氢、液氢储运等.并有针对性地提出了3点建议.     

关于陕西氢能产业发展的几点思考

目前,国内部分省份正在加快布局氢能产业,氢能产业迎来发展的黄金时期,将成为21世纪最具发展潜力的清洁能源。陕西省作为能源大省,教育大省,汽车大省,氢能产业上中下游全产业链具有良好的发展基础。陕西省应整合省内资源,通过科学制定规划,组建产业联盟,联合开展攻关,建设示范项目的路径加快陕西省氢能产业布局,抢占氢能产业发展新高地。     

我国燃料电池产业发展概述

我国燃料电池发展迅速,已经形成一定的产业化能力,但关键材料和零部件仍需要大量进口.未来我国车用燃料电池领域发展空间广阔,但具体市场规模取决于配套加氢体系建设进度、燃料电池成本以及各种路线新能源车相对竞争力.预计到2035年,燃料电池消费量保守估算约4000万kW,乐观估算约14500万kW.     

互联网时代磷复肥企业面临的机遇与挑战

互联网正在推动着传统产业的变革,在此背景下,从互联网的本质出发,分别从市场营销、生产运营、农化服务、采购模式、物流运输5个方面分析了磷复肥企业所面临的机遇与挑战,提出了解放思想、围绕终端用户再造企业、运用大数据打造互联网平台、将产品做到极致的应对措施。     

ODS清洗替代技术为清洗行业带来的机遇和挑战

从ODS清洗剂概念、优缺点、对环境的危害以及清洗服务的对象入手,通过对主要清洗的污染物分析,系统阐述了ODS清洗剂的应用领域.论述了各类替代品和替代技术和关键技术、技术难点.从行业角度分析了ODS替代清洗给清洗行业带来的机遇和挑战.     

固体高分子型燃料电池的开发

燃料电池在汽车行业,电子电器行业,能源行业等主要行业中最受瞩目的关键技术之一。燃料电池的开发对于今后世界产业界的影响不可计量,目前对燃料电池的实用性研究正在进行,但燃料电池的开发应用在技术方面,经济性以及基础结构等方面也存在着很多难以解决的问题,要实现大规模普及化,需要一定的时间。     

Comparison of rapid and slow sintered pulverised fuel ash

This study has investigated the properties of sintered PFA using conventional (20 °C/min) and rapid heating rates. Rapid heating was achieved by directly placing pressed PFA samples into a furnace preset at the sintering temperature. Slow sintered PFA samples show an increase in shrinkage and fired density and a reduction in water absorption as the sintering temperature increases, with maximum density obtained at around 1250 °C. At higher temperatures samples show a bloating effect associated with the enlargement of closed porosity. This peak in density is not observed in rapidly sintered PFA. Rapid sintering at temperatures between 1150 °C and 1300 °C resulted in constant values of shrinkage (6.5%), fired density (1.4 g/cm³) and water absorption (15%). During rapid sintering the residual carbon in the PFA is present in the sample at the sintering temperature whereas conventional sintering removes the carbon at lower temperatures before sintering occurs. Rapid sintering also retains significant carbon in the core of the sintered sample. This carbon is believed to act as rigid inclusions that inhibit PFA sintering, limiting shrinkage and densification. Rapid sintering is associated with black coring which is also characteristic in lightweight aggregate manufactured from PFA sintered on a sinter strand. The rapid heating rate experienced by PFA pellets on a sinter strand and the associated inhibition of sintering by carbon is essential for producing sintered PFA products with properties appropriate for use as lightweight aggregate.     

In-field direct combustion fuel property changes of switchgrass harvested from summer to fall

Switchgrass, a perennial warm-season grass and potential energy crop, is usually harvested during the time between full maturity in the fall to the following spring. During this wide harvest window, the changes in fuel properties that could occur are important for making appropriate decisions with respect to the optimum harvest time for maximum fuel quality. A field plot study was carried out to investigate the quantitative fuel properties (proximate, ultimate and mineral analyses) of switchgrass over a harvest period from crop maturity in July through November. Harvest moisture decreased from July to November and moisture was uniformly distributed in the switchgrass plant at all times in the harvest period. There were significant differences in ash, volatiles, fixed carbon and nitrogen among months of harvest. Nitrogen, ash and fixed carbon contents decreased while oxygen and volatiles increased through the harvest period. Also, there were significant differences in oxides of silicon, calcium, potassium, phosphorus and sulfur among harvest times. The concentration of oxides of potassium and sulfur decreased at the end of the harvesting period. Fouling and slagging indices decreased as harvest was delayed but remained low throughout harvest. However, the decreases are small and might not dramatically impact fouling and slagging. Overall, the results appear to favor a later harvest for switchgrass used for direct combustion. This study will benefit feedstock producers as well as biomass feedstock facility operators by providing a better understanding of how the properties of switchgrass vary over a typical harvest period and their potential effect on boiler equipment.     

面临经济危机中国陶瓷业发展机遇与挑战

2008年9月由美国次贷危机引起金融海啸波及全球,对全世界的经济造成重创,这也直接影响中国的出口业务,也使中国陶瓷行业的出口订单骤减,纯出口企业或是叫做OEM代工企业在这场危机中受到的影响最大。以国内市场为主导的陶瓷企业形势亦相当严峻,国内房地产泡沫破灭,致使下游产业——陶瓷行业市场需求容量急剧缩小。国内、     

Preparation and electrochemical property of three-phase gas-diffusion oxygen electrodes for metal air battery

Three-phase gas-diffusion oxygen electrodes for metal air battery were prepared and characterized. Nano-structured γ-MnO₂ catalysts were synthesized by solid state redox reaction of two compounds, Mn(CH₃COO)₂·4H₂O and C₂H₂O₄·2H₂O. Their crystal phase, morphologies and particle size were characterized by XRD, TEM, respectively. The electrochemical property of three-phase gas-diffusion oxygen electrodes composed of nano-structured γ-MnO₂ catalysts for oxygen reduction was examined by using the linear polarization method in a neutral solution. Besides, the surface morphologies of the catalytic layer of three-phase gas-diffusion oxygen electrodes were also investigated by SEM. Experimental results revealed that these kinds of three-phase gas-diffusion oxygen electrodes have excellent electrochemical performance. The optimal proportion of nano-structured γ-MnO₂ catalysts in the catalytic layer was 60 wt.%. Three-phase gas-diffusion oxygen electrodes composed with nano-structured γ-MnO₂ catalysts appear to be a highly possible candidate for applications in neutral solution metal air battery.     

我国燃料油市场现状及发展趋势

随着我国国民经济的快速发展,带动了国内的能源市场。2003年我国原油加工量为240Mt,燃料油表观消费量为43Mt,燃料油生产量为20Mt,进口量为2396万t。我国在燃料油需求方面缺口较大,仅有少数特殊牌号的燃料油出口,2003年出口量为76万t。预计今后几年国内燃料产产量将保持稳定,进口量将保持强劲,市场消费量将稳中有涨。     

1000t/d烧煤预分解窑的热工特性与操作实践

运用水泥熟料煅烧工艺与热工学的基本理论，结合1000t/d烧煤预分解窑的生产与操作实践，系统地阐明了预分解窑的热工特性与操作特点，着重阐述预分解窑系统中各热工设备的热工特性及其相互关系。