考虑细观组分影响的混凝土宏观力学性能理论预测模型

混凝土宏观力学性能与其内部细观结构构造密切相关。该文建立了一类能够考虑细观组分影响的混凝土宏观力学性能理论预测模型。首先,采用细观力学数值试验法对理论模型中的参数进行了标定;进而,基于该模型对混凝土断裂能和单轴抗拉强度在材料层次的尺寸效应行为进行了分析。结果表明:混凝土断裂能和单轴抗拉强度均随骨料级配（即最大骨料粒径）发生变化,且受到界面特性的影响。当界面过渡区力学性能相对薄弱时,混凝土强度较低,断裂能和单轴抗拉强度随骨料级配增大而呈现减小的趋势;当界面过渡区力学性能较强时,混凝土强度较高,断裂能和单轴抗拉强度随骨料级配增大亦呈现增大的趋势。计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,验证了该文建立的理论预测模型的准确性和合理性。     

基于裂纹长度测定求解混凝土拉伸软化关系

采用外贴应变片方法测定弯曲荷载下裂纹长度的发展,得到荷载及相应弯曲裂纹长度关系(P-a);然后应用粘性裂纹模型,通过比较理论计算的梁的承载力与试验获得的相应裂纹长度时的承载力得到混凝土材料拉应力-裂纹宽度(s-w)关系,并进而得到材料的开裂强度、抗拉强度、断裂能和脆性特征长度等断裂力学参数。基于上述方法,求解3个强度等级的快硬混凝土抗拉软化关系。结果表明,随着混凝土强度的升高裂纹粘聚应力逐渐增大,混凝土材料的开裂强度、抗拉强度、断裂能均逐渐增大;同时,特征长度逐渐减小,说明强度越高混凝土材料越脆。所得到的s-w关系,可用于分析相关混凝土结构的断裂。     

再生砖骨料混凝土力学性能及破坏机理研究

以8种设计配合比的再生砖骨料次轻混凝土为研究对象,以水灰比、最大骨料尺寸和粗骨料种类为试验参数,开展了混凝土干密度、立方体抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度试验研究,重点分析了骨料界面特征与再生砖骨料混凝土的破坏机理.结果表明:使用再生粘土砖骨料制备的次轻混凝土28 d抗压强度可达36 MPa,干密度不大于2200 kg/m3,能够减轻自重8％～16％;随着水灰比和取代率的降低,混凝土抗压和劈裂抗拉强度均呈显著增加的趋势;最大骨料尺寸对混凝土抗压和劈裂抗拉强度的影响较小;拟合所得混凝土干密度与力学性能换算公式的相关性较好;砖骨料-砂浆界面过渡区微观结构较为密实,混凝土界面性能得到增强;界面过渡区性能和砖骨料强度是影响再生砖骨料混凝土力学性能的两个关键因素,且砖骨料强度是其中最主要的因素.综合考虑,使用再生粘土砖骨料制备次轻混凝土具有良好的经济性和广阔的工程应用前景.     

混杂纤维再生砖骨料混凝土正交试验及卷积神经网络预测分析

利用正交试验研究了再生骨料比例、混杂纤维比例以及减水剂掺量三个因素对混杂纤维再生砖骨料混凝土力学性能敏感性的影响,并利用卷积神经网络(CNN)对试验结果进行了预测分析和变参数扩展分析.结果表明:再生砖骨料(RBA)与再生混凝土骨料(RCA)的比例对混杂纤维再生砖骨料混凝土的抗压强度及劈裂抗拉强度的影响最大,其次是减水剂掺量,最后是玻璃纤维(GF)与聚丙烯纤维(PF)的比例.抗压强度及劈裂抗拉强度随着RBA与RCA的比例的减小而增大,随着减水剂掺量的增大而减小.本工作建立的CNN模型具有较高的预测精度,并且可以用于试验结果的变参数扩展分析.     

等强条件下橡胶粉对碾压混凝土强度与变形性能的影响

采用橡胶粉等体积代砂的方法,选择橡胶粉体积含量为5%、10%和12 %,通过试验探讨了等抗压强度(40 MPa)条件下橡胶粉用量对碾压混凝土力学强度、抗裂性能和变形性能的影响及其变化规律。结果表明：橡胶粉的掺入使碾压混凝土的韧性得到改善,压缩破坏表现出明显的韧性破坏特征,碾压橡胶混凝土的立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度、抗拉强度和抗弯强度之间具有与普通混凝土相近的对应关系;等抗压强度条件下,碾压橡胶混凝土的抗弯强度、抗拉强度和极限拉伸值较不掺橡胶粉的碾压混凝土有所增大;橡胶粉的添加不会改善碾压混凝土的干缩性能,反而会使干缩变形速率和干缩变形量有所增大。     

含粗骨料超高性能混凝土力学性能研究及机理分析

为探索含粗骨料超高性能混凝土的各项力学性能,研究了粗骨料体积掺量(0kg/m~3、280kg/m~3、400kg/m~3、480kg/m~3、560kg/m~3)、纤维掺量(2%、2.5%)以及纤维形态(平直型、端钩型)对超高性能混凝土抗压强度、弹性模量以及四点弯曲强度的影响,并引入纤维取向系数和纤维有效长度,探索粗骨料掺量对弯曲强度影响的微观机理。结果表明,粗骨料体积掺量对含粗骨料超高性能混凝土抗压强度的影响不大(0.4%~4.5%);对弹性模量的提高效果显著,最高可提高7.8%;对抗弯强度具有不利影响,并且随着粗骨料掺量增大,纤维取向系数下降,纤维有效长度减小,负面影响扩大。当粗骨料体积掺量为560kg/m~3时,弯曲强度下降了21.2%。增加纤维掺量或者掺入端钩型纤维可提高弯曲强度,掺入端钩型钢纤维可显著增大纤维有效长度,从而大幅度提高弯曲强度。     

基于粘结单元的三维随机细观混凝土离散断裂模拟

开发MATLAB 和ABAQUS Python脚本程序,建立含随机三维多面体骨料的混凝土细观有限元模型。通过自编高效C++程序插设三维零厚度的粘结界面单元,以模拟复杂三维离散多裂缝的起裂与扩展。对典型混凝土试件单轴拉伸断裂的模拟,分析粘性界面单元的主要材料参数(抗拉强度与断裂能)对应力-位移曲线、断裂过程、裂缝面特征的影响。结果表明:宏观应力-位移曲线主要受砂浆、界面粘性裂缝单元的抗拉强度、断裂能绝对数值的影响;裂缝面的位置与形态决定于砂浆、界面粘结裂缝单元的抗拉强度相对比值以及断裂能相对比值;混凝土的力学响应反映其裂缝发展特征,二者既决定于断裂材料参数,也受到骨料大小、形状等细观结构因素的影响;建立的有限元模型能有效描述混凝土复杂三维断裂过程。     

冻融循环作用下玄武岩纤维-矿渣粉-粉煤灰混凝土压拉强度试验与细观结构

对玄武岩纤维-矿渣粉-粉煤灰混凝土(BF-SP-FAC)进行了单轴抗压试验、劈裂抗拉试验、冻融循环试验、气孔结构测试试验和SEM分析。研究了不同冻融次数下BF-SP-FAC冻融损伤量、抗压强度、抗拉强度的变化,分析了气孔结构参数(含气量、气孔比表面积、气泡间距系数和气泡平均弦长)与BF-SP-FAC抗压强度、抗拉强度、冻融损伤量的关系,运用灰关联熵分析法讨论了BF-SP-FAC气孔结构参数对抗压强度、抗拉强度、冻融损伤量影响的主次关系。结果表明:相同冻融次数下,与其他纤维掺量相比,玄武岩纤维掺量为0.18vol%时,BF-SP-FAC抗冻性能较好,抗压强度和抗拉强度最高;在相同玄武岩纤维掺量下,随含气量、气泡间距系数、气泡平均弦长的增大,BF-SP-FAC抗压强度和抗拉强度减小,而冻融损伤量增大;随气孔比表面积的增加,BF-SP-FAC抗压强度和抗拉强度增大,而冻融损伤量减小。气孔比表面积是影响BF-SP-FAC强度的最主要因素,而气泡平均弦长是影响BF-SP-FAC冻融损伤量的主要因素,最小灰熵关联度分别为0.998和0.993。气孔结构参数与强度、冻融损伤关系的建立,可预估混凝土的强度与冻融损伤。      

混凝土的强度,骨料粒径,韧带高度与断裂能的关系

本文研究了混凝土的抗压强度，骨料最大粒径，韧带高度与断裂能的关系，分别给出了拟合公式在同样试件尺寸下，抗压强度高的混凝土，具有高的断裂能，混凝土的断裂能在所试验的粗骨料粒径范围内，随着粒径的增大而增大，测试的断裂能随韧带高度的增大而提高，最后给出综合公式：ＧＦ＝１７．６６．ｆ＾０．９２５ｃｍ．Ｄ＾０．２７９ｍａｘ．０．７７９４＾１００／Ｈ。拟合率达０．９９３，可很好地估算混凝土的断裂能。     

钢渣粗骨料混凝土单轴受压应力-应变关系试验研究

为探究钢渣粗骨料混凝土稳定性及其应力-应变关系全曲线,该文对包头某钢铁公司的钢渣粗骨料进行了浸水膨胀率试验及压蒸粉化率试验并测其f-CaO含量;完成了6组不同钢渣替代率下的立方体抗压试验及棱柱体单轴受压试验,分析其破坏形态及受力变形特征,建立钢渣粗骨料混凝土本构关系模型。研究表明:该文所选钢渣的f-CaO含量、浸水膨胀率、压蒸粉化率均符合现行规范规定,稳定性良好;钢渣粗骨料混凝土单轴抗压强度随钢渣掺量的增加而提高,并高于普通混凝土抗压强度,破坏呈现的脆性特征也更为显著;钢渣粗骨料混凝土棱柱体抗压强度与立方体抗压强度的比值相较于普通混凝土更高。根据过镇海本构模型及Wee模型,并引入钢渣粗骨料含量的修正系数,对钢渣粗骨料混凝土应力-应变关系采用分段式表达。该文提出应力-应变模型与试验结果拟合程度较好,可以更加全面的描述钢渣粗骨料混凝土的单轴受压力学行为。     

Evaluation of fracture parameters of concrete from bending test using inverse analysis approach

In this study, an inverse analysis approach is developed to obtain the fracture parameters of concrete, including stress–crack opening relationship, cracking and tensile strength as well as fracture energy, from the results of a three-point bending test. Using this approach, the effects of coarse aggregate size (5–10, 10–16, 16–20 and 20–25 mm) and matrix strength (compressive strength of 40 and 80 MPa, respectively) on the fracture parameters are evaluated. For normal strength concrete, coarse aggregate size and cement matrix strength significantly influence the shape of σ–w curve. For a given total aggregate content, small aggregate size leads to a high tensile strength and a sharp post-peak stress drop. The smaller the coarse aggregate, the steeper is the post-peak σ–w curve. By contrast, in high strength concrete, a similar σ–w relationship is obtained for various aggregate sizes. The post-peak stress drop for high strength concrete is more abrupt than that for normal strength concrete. Also, the smaller the coarse aggregate size, the higher is the flexural strength. For both normal and high strength concrete, fracture energy and characteristic length are found to increase with increase of coarse aggregate size.     

Effect of Coarse Aggregate Size on Relationship between Stress and Crack Opening in Normal and High Strength Concretes

Fine and coarse aggregates play an important role in the fracture of concrete. However, quantitative information available on the effect of the coarse aggregate size on the fracture properties of concrete is still limited. In the present paper, the effect of coarse aggregate size (single grade of 5～10, 10～16, 16～20 and 20～25 mm) on stress-crack opening (σ-w) relation in normal and high strength concretes (compressive strength of 40 and 80 MPa, respectively)was studied. The investigation was based on three-point bending tests implemented by fictitious crack analysis. The result shows that coarse aggregate size and cement matrix strength significantly influence the shape of σ-w curve.For a given total aggregate content, in normal strength concrete, smaller size of aggregate leads to a high tensile strength and a sharp stress drop after the peak stress. The smaller the coarse aggregate, the steeper the σ-w curve.By contrast, in high strength concrete, the effect of aggregate size on σ-w relation almost vanishes. A similar σ-w relation is obtained for the concrete except for the case of 20～25 mm coarse aggregate size. The stress drop after the peak stress is more significant for high strength concrete than that for normal strength concrete. Meanwhile, the smaller the coarse aggregate size, the higher the flexural strength. Fracture energy and characteristic length increase with increasing coarse aggregate size in both normal and high strength concretes.     

An experimental study on the hazard assessment and mechanical properties of porous concrete utilizing coal bottom ash coarse aggregate in Korea

This study evaluates quality properties and toxicity of coal bottom ash coarse aggregate and analyzes mechanical properties of porous concrete depending on mixing rates of coal bottom ash. As a result, soundness and resistance to abrasion of coal bottom ash coarse aggregate were satisfied according to the standard of coarse aggregate for concrete. To satisfy the standard pertaining to chloride content, the coarse aggregates have to be washed more than twice. In regards to the result of leaching test for coal bottom ash coarse aggregate and porous concrete produced with these coarse aggregates, it was satisfied with the environment criteria. As the mixing rate of coal bottom ash increased, influence of void ratio and permeability coefficient was very little, but compressive and flexural strength decreased. When coal bottom ash was mixed over 40%, strength decreased sharply (compressive strength: by 11.7–27.1%, flexural strength: by maximum 26.4%). Also, as the mixing rate of coal bottom ash increased, it was confirmed that test specimens were destroyed by aggregate fracture more than binder fracture and interface fracture. To utilize coal bottom ash in large quantities, it is thought that an improvement method in regards to strength has to be discussed such as incorporation of reinforcing materials and improvement of aggregate hardness.     

混凝土劈裂抗拉强度和弯曲抗压强度尺寸效应的细观数值分析

混凝土作为非均质材料,其材料性能存在随试件几何尺寸变化的尺寸效应。该文在细观层次上将混凝土看作由粗骨料、砂浆和二者界面过渡区组成的三相复合材料,采用刚体弹簧元数值方法模拟了混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度和弯曲抗压强度的尺寸效应,并与已有的试验结果进行了对比验证。结果表明:劈裂加载的试件破坏形态和劈裂抗拉强度与试验结果均具有良好的一致性,并且小尺寸试件所表现出的尺寸效应要明显于大尺寸试件;对不同尺寸四点弯曲钢筋混凝土梁开展细观数值分析得到跨中截面混凝土的弯曲抗压强度,随着梁有效高度的增加,名义弯曲抗压强度整体上呈现降低的趋势,但当梁有效高度大于240mm时趋于稳定。     

集料-基体协调性对混凝土强度影响的试验研究

研究了集料-基体两相协调性对混凝土强度的影响.试验研究了碎石、钢、砂浆、陶粒和加气混凝土5种强度差异较大的集料在3种不同强度等级基体下的混凝土抗压强度及其发展规律.研究结果表明粗集料和砂浆基体对混凝土抗压强度影响十分显著.在基体强度一定时,粗集料强度达到一定程度后再增加对提高混凝土强度作用不大;当集料强度比基体强度低时,单纯通过增大基体强度来提高混凝土强度效果不明显;集料与基体的差异对强度发展规律和混凝土绝对强度有很大影响.只有在两者相互协调的基础上,才能充分发挥集料和基体的作用.     

Compressive stress–strain behavior of steel fiber reinforced-recycled aggregate concrete

The use of recycled aggregate from construction and demolition waste (CDW) as replacement of fine and coarse natural aggregate has increased in recent years in order to reduce the high consumption of natural resources by the civil construction sector. In this work, an experimental investigation was carried out to investigate the influence of steel fiber reinforcement on the stress–strain behavior of concrete made with CDW aggregates. In addition, the flexural strength and splitting tensile strength of the mixtures were also determined. Natural coarse and fine aggregates were replaced by recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) and recycled fine aggregate (RFA) at two levels, 0% and 25%, by volume. Hooked end steel fibers with 35 mm of length and aspect ratio of 65 were used as reinforcement in a volume fraction of 0.75%. The research results show that the addition of steel fiber and recycled aggregate increased the mechanical strength and modified the fracture process relative to that of the reference concrete. The stress–strain behavior of recycled aggregate concrete was affected by the recycled aggregate and presented a more brittle behavior than the reference one. With the addition of steel fiber the toughness, measured by the slope of the descending branch of the stress–strain curve, of the recycled concretes was increased and their behavior under compression becomes similar to that of the fiber-reinforced natural aggregate concrete.     

Plasma surface modification of advanced organic fibres

The interlaminar shear strength, interlaminar fracture energy, flexural strength and modulus of extended-chain polyethylene/epoxy composites are improved substantially when the fibres are pretreated in an ammonia plasma to introduce amine groups on to the fibre surface. These property changes are examined in terms of the microscopic properties of the fibre/matrix interface. Fracture surface micrographs show clean interfacial tensile and shear fracture in composites made from untreated fibres, indicative of a weak interfacial bond. In contrast, fracture surfaces of composites made from ammonia plasma-treated fibres exhibit fibre fibrillation and internal shear failure as well as matrix cracking, suggesting stronger fibre/matrix bonding, in accord with the observed increase in interlaminar fracture energy and shear strength. Failure of flexural test specimens occurs exclusively in compression, and the enhanced flexural strength and modulus of composites containing plasma-treated fibres result mainly from reduced compressive fibre buckling and debonding due to stronger interfacial bonding. Fibre treatment by ammonia plasma also causes an appreciable loss in the transverse ballistic impact properties of the composite, in accord with a higher fibre/matrix interfacial bond strength.     

Long term properties under marine exposure of steel fibre reinforced concrete containing pfa

The paper presents results on the long-term mechanical properties and durability under marine exposure of a steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) mix containing pulverized fuel ash (PFA) which was developed for marine applications. The mix was of proportions by weight of PFA:OPC:fine aggregate:coarse aggregate of 0.26:0.74:1.51:0.84 with a water/(OPC+PFA) ratio of 0.4. The resulting cement content of the mix was 435 kg m⁻³. Theconcrete was reinforced with low-carbon steel, corrosion-resistant (galvanized) or melt-extract (stainless) steel fibres. Prism specimens were cured in the tidal zone at Aberdeen beach, under wet-dry cycles of sea-water spray in the laboratory, in a water-tank in the laboratory and in the laboratory air. The specimens were cured for up to 1200 marine cycles of exposure (640 days) and were tested at regular intervals of age. The paper presents results on long-term compressive strength, flexural strength and energy absorption capacity as measured from the load-deflection curves. The state of corrosion of fibres is also described. The results indicate that fibres embedded within concrete remain free from corrosion under marine exposure. In the case of fibres exposed at the concrete surface during casting, extensive corrosion occurs in low-carbon steel fibres, isolated rust spots appear in corrosion-resistant fibres and no corrosion is evident in melt-extract fibres. This corrosion, however, remains a surface phenomenon and does not penetrate the concrete. The long-term mechanical properties indicate no deterioration due to possible corrosion. In general the compressive strength of concrete increases significantly with fibre reinforcement.Increases in flexural strength and post-cracking ductility due to fibre reinforcement are of the order normally expected of SFRC.     

The role of 0–2 mm fine recycled concrete aggregate on the compressive and splitting tensile strengths of recycled concrete aggregate concrete

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of 0–2 mm fine aggregate on the compressive and splitting tensile strengths of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) concrete with normal and high strengths. Normal coarse and fine aggregates were substituted with the same grading of RCAs in two normal and high strength concrete mixtures. In addition, to keep the same slump value for all mixes, additional water or superplasticizer were used in the RCA concretes. The compressive and splitting tensile strengths were measured at 3, 7 and 28 days. Test results show that coarse and fine RCAs, which were achieved from a parent concrete with 30 MPa compressive strength, have about 11.5 and 3.5 times higher water absorption than normal coarse and fine aggregates, respectively. The density of RCAs was about 20% less than normal aggregates, and, hence, the density of RCA concrete was about 8–13.5% less than normal aggregate concrete. The use of RCA instead of normal aggregates reduced the compressive and splitting tensile strengths in both normal and high strength concrete. The reduction in the splitting tensile strength was more pronounced than for the compressive strength. However, both strengths could be improved by incorporating silica fume and/or normal fine aggregates of 0–2 mm size in the RCA concrete mixture. The positive effect of the contribution of normal sand of 0–2 mm in RCA concrete is more pronounced in the compressive strength of a normal strength concrete and in the splitting tensile strength of high strength concrete. In addition, some equation predictions of the splitting tensile strength from compressive strength are recommended for both normal and RCA concretes.