非离子型乳化蜡的研究与应用进展

非离子型乳化蜡是借助于非离子乳化剂的乳化作用,在机械外力作用下将石蜡、 微晶蜡等分散在水中形成的乳状液.本文首先介绍了非离子型乳化蜡的配方组成乳化剂、蜡和水,对研究进展进行重点评述,突出了非离子乳化剂在制备中的重要作用,接着介绍了非离子型乳化蜡在造纸、木材加工、汽车和油气田开发等领域的应用进展,最后对非离子型乳化蜡的精...     

油包水型化妆品稳定性的研究

以HLB法、相转变温度、几何排列理论及R比理论等系统解释了影响油包水型化妆品稳定性的各个因素，其中配方因素主要有油的极性、电解质、连续相与分散相比例及乳化剂结构；工业因素主要有加料方式、乳化温度和分散程度等。并论证了乳化剂的亲油基与油相的相似性有利于油包水型乳化体的稳定。为开发油包水型化妆品配方提供了理论依据。     

易分散改性蒽醌的制备工艺研究

选用适宜溶剂将蒽醌溶解,再用转相法对油相进行乳化,制备O/W型蒽醌乳液,提高其在蒸煮液中的分散性。研究了溶剂种类、乳化剂配比、乳化温度及时间、转相温度等各种因素对乳液性能的影响。结果表明,最佳乳化条件为:苯乙酮为溶剂,Span和Tween系列复配乳化剂,转相温度90~95℃,乳化时间40~50 min。此条件下制备的蒽醌乳液分散均匀,平均粒径仅为0.26μm,贮存稳定性可达60 d以上。     

车用上光乳化蜡的制备

采用54#石蜡、巴西棕桐蜡、蜂蜡为主要原料,有机硅为成膜改性剂,复合表面活性剂为乳化剂制备了乳化型膏体汽车上光蜡。所研制的膏体上光蜡是通过LEE乳化模式制得的复合表面活性剂,实验得出适宜的乳化剂用量为产品质量比的12％、乳化温度为85℃、乳化时间为20min,可以得到稳定的乳化蜡。     

阳-非复合离子型氧化聚乙烯蜡乳液的制备

阳-非复合离子型氧化聚乙烯蜡乳液广泛应用于皮革涂饰、造纸、印染等领域,该文用三乙醇胺对氧化聚乙烯蜡进行酯化改性,再用相转变法和复合乳化体系对酯化改性的氧化聚乙烯蜡进行乳化,并对乳液性能进行检测分析。实验结果表明,三乙醇胺对氧化聚乙烯蜡进行酯化改性后,可明显提高氧化聚乙烯蜡的可乳化性和乳液的稳定性。乳化剂的种类、用量、乳化温度以及剪切搅拌速度等乳化因素对乳液性能有较大影响。乳化实验优化的条件为:乳化剂OS-15用量为氧化聚乙烯蜡质量的15%,乳化剂1631用量为氧化聚乙烯蜡质量的5%;乳化温度为90～95℃;连续剪切分散40～60min。     

O/W型抗紫外纳米乳液的制备及其性能研究

选用非离子型表面活性剂Span-80和Tween-40为乳化剂,以环己烷为油相,采用反相乳化法,制备具有抗紫外效果的高分散纳米乳液。通过测定乳液的平均粒径和稳定性能,研究了乳化剂的组成,分散相体积分数,乳化剂用量和乳化温度等因素对乳液体系稳定性的影响,探索该乳液制备的最佳条件。结果表明,以Span80和Tween40按质量比1∶1作为乳化剂,乳化剂用量为4%,分散相体积分数10%,乳化温度为55℃,10 000 r/min下乳化10 min,可获得平均粒径在150 nm以下的乳液,且具有较好的稳定性及抗紫外线性能。     

O/W型抗紫外纳米乳液的制备及其性能研究

选用非离子型表面活性剂Span-80和Tween-40为乳化剂,以环己烷为油相,采用反相乳化法,制备具有抗紫外效果的高分散纳米乳液。通过测定乳液的平均粒径和稳定性能,研究了乳化剂的组成,分散相体积分数,乳化剂用量和乳化温度等因素对乳液体系稳定性的影响,探索该乳液制备的最佳条件。结果表明,以Span80和Tween40按质量比1∶1作为乳化剂,乳化剂用量为4%,分散相体积分数10%,乳化温度为55℃,10 000 r/min下乳化10 min,可获得平均粒径在150 nm以下的乳液,且具有较好的稳定性及抗紫外线性能。     

两步乳化法制备车用上光蜡的研究

采用两步乳化法制备出一种多重乳液型(O/W/O型)汽车上光蜡。第一步乳化分别制备水包油(O/W)型乳化蜡和乳化硅油;第二步乳化是将水包油型乳化蜡和乳化硅油与溶剂油、乳化剂、水等进行再次乳化。结果表明,最佳乳化条件为:原料蜡选择实验室制备1#氧化蜡,硅油用量为5%～10%,溶剂油为120#汽油和低芳烃溶剂油,适宜油水比介于2∶1～1∶1之间。涂在汽车表面上,不仅能清洁车面,还能产生持久的光亮效果。     

PVB树脂生产乳化工艺的研究

本工艺研究选择一种合适的乳化剂,使得油相的正丁醛可以更加均匀快速的分散在水相中,同时对乳化釜的桨叶形状和乳化头进行设计,以及对乳化过程中转速和乳化时间的控制,使水、油二相形成均一分散的体系,反应过程具有可控性,从而达到良好的缩合反应条件,产品分子分布均匀,产品质量更加稳定。     

利用废机油制备乳化蜡的研究

本文以废机油为主要原料,以其它油性成分为辅助原料,在乳化剂的乳化作用下制备乳化蜡,通过对其乳液稳定性及使用乳化蜡后的金属、皮革表面的光泽度、耐酸耐污性等进行测试研究了乳化温度、乳化时间、搅拌速度、添加的油性成分、乳化剂类型等对乳化蜡性能的影响,并通过优化实验得到了最佳反应条件。结果表明,以硬脂酸和三乙醇胺为乳化剂,巴西棕榈蜡作为辅助油相成分,乳化温度为80～85℃,乳化时间为50min,搅拌速度为1150r/min时,乳化蜡的综合性能最好,拥有较高的光泽度、抗腐蚀性及耐污性能。本文为废机油的综合利用提供了新的途径,具有良好的开发前景。     

一种氧化改性聚乙烯蜡乳液的研制

研究了用氧化改性聚乙烯蜡制备一种非离子型乳液的方法。在确定最佳乳化温度105℃条件下考查了乳化剂用量、乳化工艺、助剂对乳液稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,当非离子乳化剂A、非离子乳化剂B助溶剂C和中和剂氢氧化钠分别为氧化改性聚乙烯蜡的25.15%,3.25%,1.6%和1.5%(w),乳化时间为20~30min,搅拌速度为1 000~1 400 r/min时,可以制取一种满足用作纺织柔软剂要求、固含量为20%、平均粒径小于0.1μm的蜡乳液。     

一种汽车上光乳化蜡的研制

研究了用58#全炼蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、改性聚乙烯蜡、硅油等制备汽车上光乳化蜡的方法。考查了石蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、改性聚乙烯蜡三者的比例、硅油类型、乳化剂类型、摩擦剂用量对乳液性能的影响。实验结果表明,当乳化剂用量为乳液质量的10%,乳化温度为90±3℃,乳化时间为50min,可以制取一种达到国外同类产品水平的汽车上光乳化蜡。     

Self‐assembly of pH‐responsive acrylate latex particles at emulsion droplets interface

The self‐assembly of pH‐responsive poly (methyl methacrylate‐co‐acrylic acid) latex particles at emulsion droplet interfaces was achieved. Raising pH increases the hydrophilicity of the latex particles in situ and the latex particle acts as an efficient particulate emulsifier self‐assembling at emulsion droplet interface at around pH 10–11 but exhibits no emulsifier activity at higher pH. This effect can be reversibly induced simply by varying the aqueous phase pH and thus the latex emulsifier can be reassembled. The effect factors, including the aqueous phase pH, the surface carboxyl content, ζ‐Potential of the latex particles and oil phase solvent have been investigated. Using monomer as oil phase, the latex particles could stabilize emulsion droplets during polymerization and cage‐like polymer microspheres with hollow core/porous shell structure were obtained after polymerization. The mechanism of the latex particles self‐assembly was discussed. The morphologies of emulsion and microspheres were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

石蜡乳化工艺的研究

以石蜡、氧化蜡和氧化微晶蜡为原料,进行了乳化蜡制备工艺研究。对乳化剂进行了系统筛选。研究了乳化剂类型、复配比例以及乳化助剂用量等对乳液性质的影响,揭示其内在规律,为乳化蜡的研制提供基础数据,为乳化蜡的应用提供指导。     

STUDY ON PREPARATION OF UNIFORM POLYSTYRENE HOLLOW PARTICLES

Uniform polystyrene hollow particles were prepared successfully by employing SPG (Shirasu porous glass) emulsification technique. The oil phase composed of monomer [styrene (St) and N,N-dimethylamino ethylmethacrylate (DMAEMA)], hexadecane (HD) and initiator was permeated through the uniform pores of SPG membrane into the aqueous phase (containing stabilizer, emulsifier and water-soluble inhibitor ) by a gas pressure to form uniform droplets. The droplets were then polymerized at 70℃. It was found that the hollow particles were obtained by adding a small amount of DMAEMA into the oil phase and by using NaNo2 as the water-soluble inhibitor, while only one-hole particles were obtained without adding DMAEMA, or when using diaminophenylene (DAP) or hydroquinone (HQ) as the inhibitor. The formation mechanism was discussed by the view of interfacial tensions between polymer and aqueous phase, HD and aqueous phase, and HD and polymer. Further more, it was found that hollow particles can be obtained even when DMAEMA content in the oil phase was very low, by increasing HD to high value.     

新型汽车防锈蜡的研制及性能研究

对乳化蜡的配方及乳化工艺条件进行了研究,当石蜡质量分数为10%～20%、氧化石蜡质量分数为3%,采用复合乳化剂硬脂酸与三乙醇胺（其质量比为5∶2,用量为7%）,在85℃、800～1000r/min的条件下乳化20～30min可制得稳定性高、分散性好的乳化蜡。以此乳化蜡为原料,采用复合防锈剂,当防锈剂A与防锈剂C质量比为3∶1、加入量为6%时,可制得pH值为8～8.5、氨味小、半透明的防锈蜡,其主要性能与国外先进同类产品指标接近。     

新型乳化蜡的研制

对乳化蜡的配方及乳化工艺条件进行了研究,当石蜡质量分数为10%~20%,氧化石蜡质量分数为3%,采用复合乳化剂硬脂酸与三乙醇胺,其质量比为5∶2,用量为7%,在85℃、800~1 000 r/m in的条件下乳化20~30 m in可制得稳定性高、分散性好的乳化蜡。     

Effects of Candelilla and Carnauba Wax Incorporation on the Functional Properties of Edible Sodium Caseinate Films

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of candelilla (CAN) or carnauba wax (CAR) incorporation on functional properties of edible sodium caseinate (CAS) films. Glycerol and Tween-80 were used as the plasticizer and the emulsifier, respectively. The results showed that the incorporation of waxes increased film opacity, total color differences (∆E), and mechanical resistance and reduced film lightness, water vapor permeability (WVP), and elongation at break. Scanning electron microscopy showed heterogeneous structure of emulsion films with regular distribution of lipid particles. A different internal arrangement was observed as a function of the film composition with both layered and incorporated film structure. Films containing candelilla wax exhibited more regular lipid reorganization, which resulted in better water vapor barrier efficacy and mechanical resistance in comparison to control films. The presence of Tween-80 resulted in better dispersion of lipid particles in film-forming solutions and lower water solubility, lightness, film opacity, and water vapor permeability, whereas the total color differences (∆E) were significantly larger and the improvement in mechanical properties was also achieved.     

氧化石蜡乳化研究

以Co/SBA-15为催化剂,52号石蜡为原料,制备氧化石蜡,并考察了乳化温度、乳化时间、乳化剂用量等因素对乳化效果的影响.结果表明,HLB值为9.3的复配型非离子乳化剂具有较好的乳化效果.较适宜的乳化条件为:乳化剂质量分数为7.3%(占总量)、乳化时间55 min、乳化温度75 ℃、乳化用水质量分数为69.96%(占总量).制得的乳液具有稳定性好、保质期长、无毒无味、色泽好等优点.石蜡氧化后乳化性能有很大提高,乳化剂用量减少.