Pyrene oxidation as a model reaction for characterizing the mechanism of coke oxidation on Y zeolites

The same effect of temperature on the production of CO, CO₂ and H₂O was found during oxidative treatment of HY zeolites either impregnated with pyrene or coked. Therefore, pyrene oxidation can be used to specify the mechanism of coke oxidation. Three types of reactions can be distinguished: (a) condensation of polyaromatic molecules, (b) oxidation of polyaromatics into aldehydes, ketones, acids and anhydrides and (c) decarbonylation or decarboxylation of oxygenated compounds, all these reactions involving protonic sites.     

长链烷烃脱氢失活催化剂的表征及其烧炭再生温度研究

以N2物理吸附-脱附、压汞、热重和CO脉冲化学吸附催化剂物化表征手段对工业失活长链烷烃脱氢催化剂进行表征,并考察烧炭再生温度对催化剂活性的影响.结果表明,与新鲜催化剂相比,失活催化剂比表面积和总孔容略有下降,孔径分布向小孔方向移动.通过氧化烧炭可使催化剂活性部分恢复.O2-N2混合气(O2体积分数1%)气氛氧化烧炭适宜...     

新型松香歧化反应催化剂的再生研究

采用溶胶-凝胶-沉淀法制备了mN/lL-T催化剂,用于松香歧化反应。失活催化剂先用乙醇洗涤,经过烘烤干燥后,在通入空气+氮气的管炉中焙烧1~3 h,温度控制在450 ℃。失活催化剂经过再生处理后,催化性能有较大改善。     

Kinetics of steam regeneration of SAPO-34 zeolite catalyst in methanol-to-olefins (MTO) process

Methanol-to-olefins(MTO) is industrially applied to produce ethylene and propylene using methanol converted from coal,synthetic gas,and biomass.SAPO-34 zeolites,as the most efficient catalyst in MTO process,are subject to the rapid deactivation due to coke deposition.Recent work shows that steam regeneration can provide advantages such as low carbon dioxide emission and enhanced light olefins yield in MTO process,compared to that by air regeneration.A kinetic study on the steam regeneration of spent SAPO-34 catalyst has been carried out in this work.In doing so,we first investigated the effect of temperature on the regeneration performance by monitoring the crystal structure,acidity,residual coke properties and other structural parameters.The results show that with the increase of regeneration temperature,the compositions of residual coke on the catalyst change from pyrene and phenanthrene to naphthalene,which are normally considered as active hydrocarbon pool species in MTO reaction.However,when the regeneration temperature is too high,nitrogen oxides can be found in the residual coke.Meanwhile,as the regeneration temperature increases,the quantity of residual coke reduces and the acidity,BET surface area and pore structure of the regenerated samples can be better recovered,resulting in prolonging catalyst lifetime.We have further derived the kinetics of steam regeneration,and obtained an activation energy of about 177.8 kJ·mol~(-1).Compared that with air regeneration,the activation energy of steam regeneration is higher,indicating that the steam regeneration process is more difficult to occur.     

湿式氧化催化剂的研究

摘要叙述了一型湿式氧化催化剂的研制情况和用于处理工业废水的效果,给出了有关小型试验结果。     

甲醇制烯烃用SAPO-34催化剂新进展

对近年来甲醇制烯烃(MTO)工艺及SAPO-34催化剂进展作了评述,亦对国内MTO的发展提出了建议。     

AMM-InxSi, a microporous catalyst for the oxidative dimerization of propene with air

Amorphous microporous mixed oxides of indium and silicon (AMM-In_xSi) have been prepared by our acid-catalyzed sol-gel method. The materials are amorphous with a narrow pore-size distribution with pore widths around 0.7 nm, a surface area about 500-800 m² g^-1 (BET) and contain homogeneously distributed In-centers in the silicon matrix (XRD, TEM, EXAFS). These materials have been found to be excellent catalysts for the oxidative dimerization of propene with air to 1,5-hexadiene with high selectivity. The best reaction conditions found are gas phase, normal pressure at 550-600°C. Propene conversion has reached 10% with selectivities >80%. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

新型固体酸催化丁醇和环氧乙烷醚化

研究了丁醇和环氧乙烷在一种新型固体酸催化剂上的醚化反应。结果表明,这种新型固体酸具有很高的催化活性和较窄的相对分子质量分布。采用间歇釜式外循环反应器,在n丁醇∶n环氧乙烷=4∶1(物质的量比)、催化剂的质量为丁醇质量的0.4%、反应温度120℃、操作压力0.2~0.3 MPa的条件下,环氧乙烷的转化率为100%、乙二醇单丁醚的选择性较好。确定了最佳工艺参数并成功地进行了工业放大。     

异丁烷/丁烯烷基化固体酸催化剂的再生方法研究进展

阐述了固体酸烷基化催化剂在异丁烷/丁烯烷基化中的再生方法研究进展,包括金属临氢再生、氧化煅烧再生、超临界流体再生、洗涤再生,同时对固体酸烷基化催化剂的失活原因和失活形式进行了分析评述。这些方法在一定条件下可以实现催化剂不同程度的再生,但由于操作以及成本等原因都停留在实验室阶段,本文综合比较了各种再生方法的再生工艺过程以及再生效果,分析各种再生方法的优劣。固体酸烷基化催化剂失活较快是阻碍异丁烷/丁烯固体酸烷基化工艺工业化的关键因素,研究探索操作简单、成本低、有效的固体酸烷基化催化剂再生方法仍将是今后该领域的研究热点。     

丙烷选择氧化制丙烯酸催化剂失活及再生研究

研究了丙烷氧化制丙烯酸复合金属氧化物催化剂失活的原因,探讨了失活催化剂的再生方法。结果表明,丙烷氧化制丙烯酸复合金属氧化物催化剂失活的原因主要是由于金属Te的流失造成的。进一步的实验证明,通过对失活的催化剂单独浸渍Mo、V、Te、Nb四种金属后的评价结果发现,失活的催化剂浸渍Te后丙烯酸收率有所提高,由原来的1.4%分别上升到4.2%,仍远远低于新鲜催化剂的活性,而失活的催化剂单独浸渍Mo、V、Nb后,活性没有变化。     

甲醇制烯烃反应SAPO-34催化剂积炭行为的原位漫反射红外光谱分析

依据酸性催化剂表面吸附态物种分子产生红外信号的机理,采用原位漫反射红外光谱技术对甲醇制烯烃反应中不同反应时间与床层位置的SAPO-34催化剂积炭行为进行研究。结果表明,反应时间与床层位置的变化对SAPO-34催化剂积炭数量和物种有显著影响。反应时间延长导致SAPO-34催化剂积炭量增加,且积炭成分中重组分稠环芳烃比例上升,积炭速率逐渐加快。积炭量随床层位置自上而下逐渐减少,失活催化剂笼中烷基芳香烃类积炭通过环化和脱氢逐渐转变为多环芳香烃类。     

Effect of temperature in the conversion of methanol to olefins (MTO) using an extruded SAPO-34 catalyst

The methanol-to-olefin (MTO) reaction was investigated in a bench-scale, fixed-bed reactor using an extruded catalyst composed of a commercial SAPO-34 (65 weight percentage, wt-%) embedded in an amorphous SiO₂ matrix (35 wt-%). The texture properties, acidity and crystal structure of the pure SAPO-34 and its extruded form (E-SAPO-34) were analyzed and results indicated that the extrusion step did not affect the properties of the catalyst. Subsequently, E-SAPO-34 was tested in a temperature range between 300 and 500 °C, using an aqueous methanol mixture (80 wt-% water content) fed at a weight hour space velocity (WHSV) of 1.21 h⁻¹. At 300 °C, a low conversion was observed combined with catalyst deactivation, which was ascribed to oligomerization and condensation reactions. The coke analysis showed the presence of diamandoid hydrocarbons, which are known to be inactive molecules in the MTO process. At higher temperatures, a quasi-steady state was reached during a 6 h reaction where the optimal temperature was identified at 450 °C, which incidentally led to the lowest coke deposition combined with the highest H/C ratio. Above 450 °C, surges of ethylene and methane were associated to a combination of H-transfer and protolytic cracking reactions. Finally, the present work underscored the convenience of the extrusion technique for testing catalysts at simulated scale-up conditions.     

Negative activation energies in CO oxidation over an icosahedral Au/Mg(OH)2 catalyst

In the course of our studies on CO oxidation over Au/Mg(OH)₂ we have discovered a catalyst which exhibits an apparent negative activation energy when studied under ultra‐dry conditions (80 ppb moisture content). A review of current literature suggests that the oxidation of CO may occur by a reaction between CO and OH radicals and not by oxygen as previously thought. Substantial differences in catalytic behaviour between low and high temperature suggest that the reaction is complex and that more than one reaction pathway is present. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

新型硫醇氧化催化剂的开发及工业侧流试验

介绍了QTM-01硫醇氧化催化剂的性能及工业侧流试验结果。QTM-01具有硫醇氧化活性高、稳定性好且能吸附H₂S等特点。工业侧流试验表明，该催化剂在液相及常温条件下可有效地把液化气中硫醇氧化成二硫化物，无碱液排放。     

固体超强酸ZrO_2-SO_4~(2-)催化合成乙酸糠酯

以固体超强酸ZrO2 SO2 -4为催化剂合成了乙酸糠酯。得到了适宜的催化剂制备条件及反应条件 :以氨水沉淀ZrOCl2 ·8H2 O溶液 ,以 0 75mol/L硫酸溶液浸渍ZrO2 ,并于 60 0℃下焙烧 4h。 0 2 5mol乙酸、0 2 5mol糠醇和 80ml甲苯混合后加入 4 g催化剂 ,产品收率可达 92 %。催化剂可重复利用 6次     

固体超强酸Fe_2O_3/SO_4~(2-)催化合成硝基苯工艺的研究

硝酸铁溶于氨水得到Fe(OH)3后再用硫酸浸泡,经过滤、焙烧制得固体超强酸催化剂Fe2O3/SO42-。以固体超强酸Fe2O3/SO42-为催化剂、苯和硝酸为原料合成硝基苯。通过正交设计考察了不同工艺条件下苯硝化反应的收率影响因素,最佳反应条件为:催化剂活化温度500℃,反应温度75℃,n(硝酸)∶n(苯)=2,m(苯)∶m(催化剂)=20,反应时间3 h,收率达83.9%。     

炭基固体酸催化废油脂合成生物柴油动力学研究(英文)

The kinetics of simultaneous transesterification and esterification with a carbon-based solid acid catalyst was studied.Two solid acid catalysts were prepared by the sulfonation of carbonized vegetable oil asphalt and petroleum asphalt.These catalysts were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis,acidity site concentration,the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)surface area and pore size.The kinetic parameters with the two catalysts were determined,and the reaction system can be described as a pseudo homogeneous catalyzed reaction.All the forward and reverse reactions follow second order kinetics.The calculated concentration values from the kinetic equations are in good agreement with experimental values.     

固体酸催化合成C_(4～6)混合二元酸二甲酯

以C_(4～6)混合二元酸、甲醇为原料,固体酸为催化剂,合成C_(4～6)混合二元酸二甲酯。进行了不同种类催化剂筛选、反应工艺条件优化及催化剂寿命的实验研究,确定了适宜的酯化反应条件:以干氢树脂酸为催化剂,反应时间4.5h、酸醇物质的量比1:5、催化剂加入量10%、反应温度74～82℃。在此条件下,混合二元酸转化率达87.8%。干氢树脂酸催化剂连续使用4次时,混合二元酸转化率仍达80%以上。     

葡萄糖催化氧化制备葡萄糖酸（盐）催化剂研究进展

综述了近年来葡萄糖催化氧化制备葡萄糖酸的催化剂的研究进展，分别就多相催化氧化法和均相催化氧化法进行了论述，讨论了各种催化剂的优缺点，并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

Production of biodiesel from palm fatty acid distillate using sulfonated-glucose solid acid catalyst:Characterization and optimization

A palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) has been used for biodiesel production. An efficient sulfonated-glucose acid catalyst (SGAC) was prepared by sulfonation to catalyze the esterification reaction. The effect of three variables i.e. methanol-to-PFAD molar ratio, catalyst amount and reaction time, on the yield of PFAD esters was studied by the response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum reaction conditions were:12.2:1 methanol-to-PFAD molar ratio, 2.9%catalyst concentration and 134 min of time as predicted by the RSM. The reaction under the optimum conditions resulted in 94.5%of the free fatty acid (FFA) conversion with 92.4%of the FAME yield. The properties of the PFAD esters were determined according to biodiesel standards.