Robust AVS audio watermarking

Part Ⅲ of AVS (China Audio and Video Coding Standard) is the first generic audio standard proposed in China and is becoming popular in some applications. For MP3 audio, some effiorts have been made to solve the copyright pirating and malicious modifications by the way of watermarking. To our best knowledge, similar work on the AVS audio has not been explored. In this paper, we present a novel robust watermarking algorithm for AVS audio. We find that the frame type in the AVS coded process can be used as a r...     

Centroid-based semi-fragile audio watermarking in hybrid domain

Many previous (semi-) fragile audio watermarking schemes adopt binary images as watermarks, which reduce the security of watermarking systems. On the other hand, the content-based or feature-based second generation digital watermarking has limited applicability, and its partial feature points may be damaged by watermarking operations and various common signal processing. To overcome these problems, in this paper, a novel centroid-based semi-fragile audio watermarking scheme in hybrid domain is proposed. The...     

改进的DCT域音频水印算法

水印的稳健性、透明性是影响水印鲁棒性的重要指标。大多数的DCT(discrete cosine transform)域音频水印算法是通过量化系数的方法嵌入水印,但是算法选取的嵌入策略、嵌入强度和嵌入位置不能达到一个满意的效果。针对这些不足,提出一种改进的DCT域量化算法。采用数据分段后隔段嵌入的嵌入策略,可以明显地改善水印的透明性;根据所分段的段能量和,采取分等级的方式确定嵌入强度,这样减少了计算复杂度;嵌入时选取高、中、低频3个系数重复嵌入;最后采用三次样条插值方法进行攻击恢复数据量。对该算法进行了Matlab仿真,通过主观和客观标准的评价,实验结果表明了该算法具有更好的稳健性和透明性。     

一种DCT域自适应音频水印算法*

数字水印技术中水印强度是影响水印鲁棒性的重要参数。当前大多数的水印算法均利用实验来确定水印强度,但实验具有很大的随机性,得到合适的水印强度需要大量的实验。提出了一种DCT(discrete cosine transform)域基于信噪比(signal noise ratio,SNR)水印强度自适应的音频水印。首先将载体音频分帧,然后根据对嵌入水印后音频品质要求的SNR计算各帧的水印强度,选择可嵌入强度大的帧,将一个水印比特信息嵌入一帧的DCT的直流系数,水印强度将自适应于各帧。实验结果证明了该算法具有较好     

Robust and efficient content-based digital audio watermarking

This paper proposes a set of digital watermarking schemes for WAV audio, WAV-table synthesis audio and compressed audio. The watermark embedding scheme is closely related to audio content and based on the human auditory system. The experimental results in listening and robustness illustrate that the proposed watermarking schemes can achieve an optimal balance between audibility and robustness of the watermarked audio. The proposed methods are also very useful and effective for copyright protection, tracing illegal distribution and other applications.     

增强鲁棒性的音频水印算法

提出了一种基于离散小波变换的数字音频水印盲检算法.算法选择在小波系数中嵌入水印,将同步化位元码引入到音频水印的研究中,针对切割或插入额外音频段的攻击有较好的抵抗能力,并且通过重复地将水印嵌入到音频信号中,增强了鲁棒性,提取水印时不需要原始音频信号.实验结果表明,该方法具有良好的鲁棒性和不可听见性.     

Efficient SVD-based audio watermarking technique in FRT domain

Multimedia Tools and Applications - This paper presents an audio watermarking technique based on singular value decomposition (SVD) and fractional Fourier transform (FRT). The basic idea of this...     

Norm ratio-based audio watermarking scheme in DWT domain

In order to reach a balance between robustness, imperceptibility, and data payload, a novel blind audio watermarking scheme is proposed using the norm ratio of approximate coefficients in discrete wavelet domain (DWT). A chaotic sequence generated by Tent map is used to encrypt the watermark image and enhance the security of watermarking system. Firstly the original audio signal is segmented into non-overlapping frames and DWT is applied to each frame. Then, the approximate components are divided into two parts, and the norm ratio is calculated and modulated to embed the watermarks. Finally, the approximate components are scaled by optimizing the quality of the watermarked audio. Experimental results indicate that the proposed watermarking scheme is robust against different common attacks, such as noise addition, resampling, re-quantization, MP3 compression and amplitude scaling. The comparison analysis shows that the proposed scheme has high data payload and provides superior performance compared to the state-of-the-art watermarking schemes.     

Robust patchwork-based watermarking method for stereo audio signals

Multimedia Tools and Applications - This paper presents a patchwork-based watermarking method for stereo audio signals, which exploits the similarity of the two sound channels of stereo signals....     

Robust audio watermarking using improved TS echo hiding

A novel and content based improved time spread echo hiding method (ITS) is presented. The system decoder relies upon distinguishing a watermarked bit based on a correlation amount quantity and also the echo kernel embeds the watermark bit into the whole signal. The presented system is cepstral content based in which the original signal cepstral portion of error at the decoder is removed and thus the performance of the decoder detection rate is improved considerably. Experimental results show the good results for the system robustness against the common signal processing attacks through calculating error detection rates in comparison with conventional echo hiding methods. Also good results were obtained for watermark inaudibility through mean opinion test (MOS) test and SNR value comparisons.     

音频DFT域量化水印性能研究

为研究基于量化音频DFT域的水印算法性能,分析了该算法的原理,给出了一种简便的嵌入和提取公式,重点分析了算法的透明性、鲁棒性等性能,指出了算法的缺陷。首先,利用均方误差定义得出了嵌入失真公式,认为透明性与量化步长的平方成正比,而且当载体系数较小时容易引起听觉失真;其次,依据信息提取原则推导了加性高斯白噪声和幅度规整攻击下的误比特率,认为算法抗噪性能只与量化步长有关,而算法抵抗幅度规整攻击的性能很差;最后,通过仿真实验验证了以上公式的正确性。     

图像Hadamard变换域鲁棒水印算法

提出了一种基于分块Hadamard变换的鲁棒图像水印算法。水印图像先进行置乱和扩展得到水印序列。原始图像进行8×8分块的Hadamard变换,在中频系数里按不同强度嵌入水印。水印提取时,先计算与原始图像在对应的变换域系数的差值,再计算该差值与水印编码的相关性来确定每个水印像素。实验表明,该算法对原始图像的视觉影响小,具有良好的鲁棒性。     

Robust gray-scale logo watermarking in wavelet domain

In this paper, a robust logo watermarking scheme based on image fusion is proposed. Unlike existing watermarking schemes, the used watermark is a gray scale logo instead of randomly generated Gaussian noise type watermark. The core idea of the proposed scheme is to decompose an image into frequency sub-bands using wavelet transform followed by the embedding in selected blocks of sub-bands obtained by ZIG-ZAG sequence. Block selection is done by taking variance of the blocks into consideration. The experimental results show better visual imperceptibility and resiliency of the proposed scheme against intentional or un-intentional variety of attacks and superiority is carried out by comparison made by us with the existing schemes.     

Chaos-based discrete fractional Sine transform domain audio watermarking scheme

We proposed a novel discrete fractional Sine transform (DFRST) based watermarking scheme for audio data copyright protection. Chaotic sequences were adopted to improve the security of the proposed watermarking scheme. Simulations under various conditions were given to verify the effectiveness of the audio watermarking scheme. The results show the proposed scheme is secure, and the watermark is imperceptible and robust against various audio signal processing attacks.     

一种基于量化DCT域音频水印新算法

提出一种新的基于量化DCT域的音频水印算法,根据DC分量和AC分量在水印的鲁棒性和不可听性中起着不同的影响来设计水印算法,使水印的鲁棒性和不可听性得到更好的权衡。首先,把音频数据分成含有8个数据的不重叠块,然后,对每个数据块进行DCT变换;通过对DCT系数中DC分量和第四AC分量进行轮流调制来完成水印嵌入,每个数据块嵌入1 bit信息。实验表明该水印算法对于叠加噪声,有损压缩,重量化等常见的数字信号处理具有较好的鲁棒性,同时,水印系统具有很好的不可听性。     

Robust audio watermarking algorithm based on DWT using Fibonacci numbers

Multimedia Tools and Applications - This paper presents a blind and robust audio watermarking algorithm developed based on Fibonacci numbers properties and the discrete wavelet transform (DWT)...     

Robust watermarking of databases in order-preserving encrypted domain

Security of databases has always been a hot topic in the field of information security. Privacy protection can be realized by encrypting data, while data copyright can be protected by using digital watermarking technology. By combining these two technologies, a database’s copyright and privacy problems in the cloud can be effectively solved. Based on order-preserving encryption scheme (OPES), circular histogram and digital watermarking technology, this paper proposes a new robust watermarking scheme for protection of databases in the encrypted domain. Firstly, the OPES is used to encrypt data to avoid exposing the data in the cloud. Then, the encrypted data are grouped and modified by the use of a circular histogram for embedding a digital watermark. The common data query operations in database are available for the encrypted watermarking database. In receivers, the digital watermark and the original data can be restored through a secret key and a key table. Experimental results have shown that the proposed algorithm is robust against common database attacks in the encrypted domain.     

DCT域音频水印透明健壮算法

提出一种新的基于离散余弦变换的数字音频水印算法。把音频信号划分为包含相同采样点的若干帧,每帧划分为若干节。对指定帧的第一节、第二两节实施DCT变换,将二者DCT中、高频系数的绝对值之和进行比较,结合水印序列为“0”或“1”,采取不改变、缩小及增加中、高频DCT系数的方法,在DCT系数中嵌入水印。实验证明,该算法具有较强的健壮性,较好的透明性,提取水印属盲水印提取,能经受重采样、重新量化、添加噪声、低通滤波、音频格式转换等常见信号处理及攻击。     

一种基于改进的分段DCT域多格式音频水印算法

针对因为格式种类庞大而导致音频文件数字水印的嵌入较复杂且繁琐的问题, 采取了利用FFMPEG将音频文件转换成一种统一格式而进行数字水印嵌入的方法, 其效率和效果有较大提高。对于水印算法提出了一种改进的分段DCT算法, 将二维的水印图像转换成一维数字序列并进行置乱加密和极化操作, 然后对数字音频信号作分段DCT变换, 根据每段的能量不同采取不同等级的嵌入强度, 其中选取四个不同等次的系数进行反复嵌入。实验仿真表明, 在经过格式转换后的音频文件与原始文件之间没有出现失真, 该算法在经过加入高斯白噪声、低通滤波、有损压缩等操作后仍具有很强的稳健性。     

基于时域扩展回声隐藏的数字音频水印研究

信息隐藏是一种在不对载体信号产生过多影响的条件下将额外的信息嵌入数字媒体中以实现版权保护、隐蔽通信等功能的技术,回声隐藏是利用音频作载体的一种信息隐藏技术。传统时域扩展回声隐藏技术存在着两个影响水印安全和质量的问题,在此基础上对其算法进行改进,在保证音频质量和降低误码率的同时,使嵌入的水印贯穿到了整个信号,增强了水印的鲁棒性。