铸态Mg-4Al-2Si合金的显微组织与力学性能

采用重力铸造法制备Mg-4Al-2Si(AS42)镁合金,研究了铸态合金的显微组织和室温力学性能。结果表明:铸态AS42合金主要由α-Mg基体、β-Mg17Al12相及Mg2Si相组成;β-Mg17Al12相呈网状和棒状分布于晶界上,粗大的汉字状Mg2Si相沿晶界或穿晶分布,多边形块状Mg2Si相随机分布于基体组织中。铸态合金的硬度为64.5 HV,室温抗拉强度为113.5 MPa,屈服强度为86 MPa,伸长率为4.1%;拉伸断裂形式为准解理脆性断裂。     

铸造Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Sc合金热处理析出相转变及其对力学性能的影响

目的 为满足高速列车关键部件的轻量化需求,开发高性能铸造铝合金。方法 熔炼铸造了低锌、低镁且含微量钪的Al-5.78Zn-1.63Mg-1.75Cu-0.17Zr-0.22Sc(质量分数)合金,对合金实施了双级均匀化处理及“固溶+时效”(T6)工艺,结合光镜(OM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)及透射电镜(TEM)多种分析测试手段,对比研究合金在铸态、均匀化态及T6处理态下的微观组织特征,重点关注了析出相的演变,并通过室温拉伸性能实验测试合金的力学性能。结果 铸态合金中的析出相以粗大的Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)₂相为主,且分布于晶界或枝晶界,在室温拉伸过程中粗大的Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)₂相割裂基体,造成合金在弹性变形阶段的脆断,基本无伸长率;双级均匀化处理后,晶界及枝晶间的第二相明显减少,晶内析出了大量的针状相Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)₂,而T6处理后,晶内针状相基本消失,时效过程中析出以η’-MgZn₂相为主的高密度弥散分布纳米析出相,其平均尺寸为(9.2±0.9)n...     

添加Si对La-Mg-Ni系A2B7型电极合金循环稳定性的影响

为了改善La-Mg-Ni系A2B7型电极合金的电化学循环稳定性,在合金中添加少量Si。采用真空感应熔炼制备了La0.8Mg0.2Ni3.3Co0.2Si x(x=0~0.2)电极合金,并将部分合金在真空条件下,温度为900、950、1000和1050℃下进行了退火处理。用XRD、SEM分析了铸态及退火态合金的微观结构,测试了铸态及快淬态合金的电化学循环稳定性。结果表明,铸态及快淬态合金均具有多相结构,包括两个主相(La,Mg)2Ni7和LaNi5及一个残余相LaNi3。添加Si使LaNi5相增加而(La,Mg)2Ni7相减少。合金的电化学循环稳定性随Si含量的增加而增加,当Si含量x从0增加到0.2时,铸态合金100次充放循环后的容量保持率(S100)从64.2%增加到73.1%,而950℃退火态合金的S100值从80.3%增加到93.7%。     

退火温度对La0.8Mg0.2Ni3.3Co0.2Six（x=0、0.1）合金电化学贮氢性能的影响

采用真空感应熔炼制备了La0.8Mg0.2Ni3.3Co0.2Si x(x=0、0.1)电极合金,并将铸态合金进行真空退火处理,退火温度为900、950、1000和1050℃,保温时间为8h。用XRD分析了铸态及退火态合金的相结构,测试了铸态及退火态合金的电化学贮氢性能。结果表明,铸态及退火态合金均具有多相结构,包括两个主相(La,Mg)2Ni7和LaNi5以及一个残余相LaNi3。退火处理未改变合金的相组成,但使两个主相的含量发生明显改变。合金主相的晶格常数及晶胞体积随退火温度的增加而增加。铸态及退火态合金均具有良好的活化性能,第1次循环即可达到最大放电容量。退火处理明显改善了合金的电化学循环稳定性,合金的放电容量随退火温度的升高先增加后减小。合金的高倍率放电性能(HRD)、电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)以及氢扩散系数(D)的测试表明,合金的电化学动力学随退火温度的升高先上升后降低。     

1973铝合金铸态组织及均匀化退火组织研究

采用光学金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线、DSC等分析手段研究了1973高强铝合金铸态和均匀化态的显微组织和成分分布.结果表明:合金铸态组织为枝晶结构,主要存在α-Al,MgZn2(η相)和Al2CuMg(S相),还存在少量的Al13(FeCu)4相.其中MgZn2相中固溶部分Al原子和Cu原子,Al2CuMg相中固溶分布Zn原子.该合金合适的均匀化处理工艺为470℃/24h.均匀化后,原铸态合金中的MgZn2(η相)和Al2CuMg(S相)回溶到基体,仅残留少量Al13(FeCu)4相和Al7Cu2Fe相,晶内析出大量弥散分布的球形Al3Zr粒子.     

纯Al及Al-Mn合金中球状稀土相的形成

本文测定了含稀土纯 Al 及 Al-Mn 合金中球状稀土相的形貌,组成及分布。结果表明,适量稀土可使 Al 中多角形块状化合物球化,在轧制过程中球状稀土相不变形,不聚集,均匀分布在晶内。稀土改变了 Al 基体中杂质元素的微区分布规律,导致 Fe,Si 等元素由晶界向球状相迁移,晶界获得净化。分析了球状稀土相形成及晶界净化的原因。     

热处理对Mg97.5 Gd1.9 Zn0.6 合金组织与力学性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

采用OM,SEM,TEM和电子万能试验机系统地研究了Mg 97.5 Gd 1.9 Zn 0.6合金在铸态、退火态、挤压态和挤压后直接时效(T5)的组织演化和力学性能。结果表明,合金的铸态组织由α-Mg、共晶形貌的(Mg,Zn)3Gd相和层片状的14H-LPSO相组成。在510℃均匀化退火过程中,发生了(Mg,Zn)3Gd转化成块状14H-LPSO的相变。根据生成相的形貌和发生反应的热力学条件得知其为包析转变,即(Mg,Zn)3Gd+α-Mg→14H-LPSO。挤压后直接时效(T5)处理过程中,发生了晶内14H-LPSO相和β′相的沉淀析出。在14H-LPSO强韧化与沉淀强化的共同作用下,合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为216 MPa和361 MPa,伸长率也保持在较好的水平,为6.9%。     

铸态镁合金组织和力学性能研究

对Mg-5．0Y-3．0Nd-0．5Zr镁合金进行熔铸和不同温度的均匀化退火。测试该合金的室温拉伸力学性能。并采用金相显微镜,扫描电镜等方法观察铸态和均匀化退火态组织。结果表明,添加稀土元素能使镁合金的铸态组织得到细化,Nd和Y分别以Mg4、Nd3和Mg24Y化合物形式存在,均匀化退火后,试验合金抗拉强度和伸长率得到提高．其中450℃的均匀化退火效果最好,合金的抗拉强度比铸态时的提高了18．6％,塑性提高了3．5％。     

Nb对LaFe10.8-xNbxCo0.7Si1.5C0.2磁制冷合金成相和居里温度的影响

用真空电弧炉熔炼了LaFe10.8-xNbxCo0.7-Si1.5C0.2(x=0、0.01、0.07、0.10、0.14、0.36和0.74)合金,并对其铸态及退火态的显微组织、相成分及体积分数进行研究。结果表明,Nb的添加可细化铸态组织中的树枝晶,并促进退火过程中1∶13相的形成。其中当x=0.07时,铸态组织的细化作用最为明显,退火后可得到接近单一的1∶13相。差示扫描量热分析的结果表明,LaFe10.8-xNbxCo0.7Si1.5C0.2(x=0、0.01、0.07、0.10、0.14和0.36)合金在相变点附近发生了二级磁相变,且相变温度随Nb含量的增加呈先升后降的趋势。     

Mg-13Gd-1Zn合金的组织与力学性能

研究了铸态、退火态、挤压态和T5时效态Mg-13Gd-1Zn三元合金的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,合金的铸态组织由α-Mg、(Mg,Zn)₃Gd和14H-LPSO长周期相组成。合金在均匀化退火和热挤压后的直接时效(T5)过程中都发生了晶内14H-LPSO相的沉淀析出,表明合金中14H-LPSO的沉淀相变发生在一个很宽的温度范围(200~510℃)。在挤压后合金的直接时效(T5)过程中发生了β'及β₁相的沉淀析出。在沉淀强化和LPSO强化的共同作用下,合金的屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别为197 MPa、397 MPa和2.56%。在200℃/80 MPa和200℃/120 MPa两种实验条件下,Mg-13Gd-1Zn合金的抗蠕变性能均优于WE54合金。     

Zr含量对铸造AlSi7Mg0.4合金力学性能的影响

研究了添加Zr元素的重力铸造AlSi7Mg0.4合金的微观组织和力学性能.结果 表明,在含Zr的铸态合金中生成了(Al,Si)3(Zr,Ti)和π-Fe相,Zr的添加使合金的晶粒尺寸减小;经过T6热处理后富Fe相中的Mg和少量粗大的(Al,Si)3(Zr,Ti)相重溶到基体中,减小了金属间化合物的尺寸,生成了与基体有共...     

Microstructure evolution of spray deposited and as-cast 2195 Al-Li alloys during homogenization

In this paper,a comparative study on the spray deposited and as-cast 2195 alloy was carried out to reveal their microstructure evolutions and differences during the homogenization process.The dissolution of the secondary particles and the diffusion of solute were studied based on microstructure characterization and kinetics analysis.The precipitation behavior of Al3Zr dispersoids and its influence on recrystalliza-tion were investigated by using TEM and EBSD characterization.It was found that the large-size particles at triangular grain boundaries dissolve slower than the intragranular phases and other grain boundary phases.The required homogenization time depends on the dissolution processes of the large-size phases at grain boundaries.The size of grain boundary phases in the spray deposited alloy is much smaller than that in the as-cast alloy,so the homogenization time required for the spray deposited alloy is signifi-cantly shorter.Two-stage and ramp heating homogenization processes can promote the precipitation of Al3Zr dispersoids in the two alloys.In the spray deposited alloy,the dispersoids tend to precipitate at the positions of the T1 plates dissolved,which causes a non-uniform distribution and decreases the recrystallization resistance of the alloy.However,the distribution of the dispersoids in the as-cast alloy is more uniform after the homogenization,which brings a stronger inhibition on the recrystallization.According to the microstructural characterization and kinetics analysis results,it can be concluded that the homogenization with a slow ramp heating is suitable for the two 2195 alloys,and a shorter holding time can be used for spray deposited alloy,e.g.12 h at 500℃,while the holding time for the as-cast alloy is no less than 35 h at 500℃.     

The morphology of particles of minor phases in a commercial Al-7.12wt% Si alloy

The morphology of particles of minor phases was monitored in an Al-7.12 wt% Si alloy in three different states: as-cast, hot isostatically pressed (HIPed) and heat-treated. In all of these states, the minor phases existing in this alloy were secondary silicon-rich particles and those which are iron-containing-Al₁₂Fe₃Si and (FeAl₆) Si. The major phase was primary silicon-rich particles. The HIPed and heat-treated materials contained an additional phase, the iron-containing particles Al₉Fe₂Si₂. It was found that secondary silicon-rich particles in the as-cast material were plate-like, spherical or fibrous. On the other hand, the few iron-containing particles in the as-cast material were needle-like. During HIPing or heat treatment, the iron-containing particles which precipitated also had a needle-like morphology. Most of the non-spherical secondary silicon-rich particles tended to spheroidize during HIPing or heat treatment. Fibrous secondary silicon-rich particles were not present in the HIPed or heat-treated materials.     

Influence of Cerium on Microstructure and Solidification of Eutectic Al–Si Piston Alloy

Thermal analysis has become very important in foundry because it aids in studying the effect of additives on eutectic growth temperature and assessing the quality of modifications. This research was performed to investigate the influence of the addition of Ce (0.1–1.0 wt.%) on the eutectic Al–Si–Cu–Mg alloy characteristics of solidification. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and optical microscopy were employed to characterize the alloy microstructure. The main phases studied were the Al–Cu (Al₂Cu) and Al–Si phases. The addition of Ce decreased the nucleation and growth temperatures and acted as a refiner for the alloy. The larger amounts of Ce significantly impacted the Si structure: the average Si particle size decreased as the Ce concentration was increased, which led to a finer grain structure. The Ce formed intermetallic compounds with the alloyed elements that had plate- or needle-like structures and that interrupted the modification of Si. The solidification parameters, including the growth and nucleation temperatures, increased with increasing change in the morphology of the Al–Cu phase that were caused by Ce addition.     

变质和热处理对高强度铸造Al-Cu-Si-Mn合金组织和性能的影响

通过变质处理和热处理实验,研究了不同的Ti变质加入量和固溶时效处理对高强度铸造Al-Cu-Si-Mn合金组织和性能的影响.结果表明,试验材料的铸态组织为粗大的α(Al)固溶体和其晶界分布的θ(Al2Cu)及T(Al12CuMn2)相,加入0.15%～0.2%Ti变质处理可以细化试验材料的铸态组织,变质处理后进行固溶和时效处理,组织由α(Al)固溶体和其晶内弥散分布的二次T相组成,晶界处残留有未完全固溶的T(Al12CuMn2)相,组织中出现α(Al)晶界无析出区.Ti变质处理高强度Al-Cu-Si-Mn合金组织对壁厚效应的敏感性不明显.     

Effect of Barothermal Processing on the Solid-State Formation of the Structure and Properties of 16 at % Si–Al Hypereutectic Alloy

We describe barothermal processing (hot isostatic pressing) of a 16 at % Si–Al binary alloy for 3 h at a temperature of 560°C and pressure of 100 MPa for 3 h, in combination with measurements of heat effects during cooling. The results demonstrate that this processing leads to the fragmentation of the silicon structural constituent and ensures a high degree of homogenization of the as-prepared alloy. Heat treatment of the 16 at % Si–Al alloy at 560°C and a pressure of 100 MPa leads to a thermodynamically driven enhanced silicon dissolution, up to ~10 at %, in the aluminum matrix, resulting in the formation of a supersaturated solid solution, which subsequently decomposes during cooling. We analyze the complete porosity elimination process, which makes it possible to obtain a material with 100% relative density. According to differential barothermal analysis, microstructural analysis, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy data, barothermal processing of the 16 at % Si–Al alloy produces a bimodal size distribution of the silicon phase constituent: microparticles 3.6 μm in average size and nanoparticles down to ~1 nm in diameter. The Al matrix has been shown to contain a high density of edge dislocations. Barothermal processing reduces the thermal expansion coefficient and microhardness of the hypereutectic alloy. We conclude that solid-state barothermal processing is an effective tool for completely eliminating microporosity from the 16 at % Si–Al alloy, reaching a high degree of homogenization, and controlling the microstructure of the alloy, in particular by producing high dislocation density in the aluminum matrix.     

Microhardness,Microstructure and Electrochemical Efficiency of an Al(Zn/xMg) Alloy after Thermal Treatment

The influence of Mg on the microhardness,microstructure and electrochemical efficiency of Al(Zn/xMg) alloys have been investigated.Al(Zn/xMg) alloys were prepared by metal mould casting method to diminish the process cost and to generate an alloy with homogenous microstructure and less casting porosity.Vickers hardness,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were performed to determine the Mg influence on the AlZn alloy.Electrochemical efficiency was used to relate the influence of Mg with the thermal treatment on the corrosion behavior of the Al(Zn/xMg) alloy.The results reveals the presence of Al 32(MgZn) 49 phase for two events;the first is when the Mg content is above 5.49% in as-cast condition,and the second after the thermal treatment is carried out at 450℃ for 5 h.The results also show that the microhardness and electrochemical efficiency have been influenced by the presence of Al 32(MgZn) 49 phase.The addition of Mg modifies the microstructure,increases the content of Al 32(MgZn) 49 phase and improves the electrochemical efficiency.     

Effect of homogenization on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the repetitive-upsetting processed AZ91D alloy

The current research investigates the effect of homogenization on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the AZ91 D alloy processed by repetitive upsetting(RU). Results show that during RU processing, the initial large Mg_(17)Al_(12) particles in the as-cast specimen accelerate the dynamic recrystallization(DRX) due to the particle stimulating nucleation(PSN) mechanism. With the progress of RU,the inherent large strain breaks the large second phases into small fragments, which indicates the PSN gradually disappears, while the pinning effect becomes obvious. As for the homogenized specimen, a pre-heat treatment leads to the absence of Mg_(17)Al_(12) particles but a uniform distribution of Al atoms in the Mg alloy. Though the subsequent RU promotes the precipitation of Mg_(17)Al_(12) particles, the relatively small particle size and the uniform distribution are more favorable to act as obstacles for grain growth than contributors to PSN. Finally, a more homogeneous and refined microstructure is obtained in the specimen with prior homogenization than the as-cast one.     

均匀化处理对Mg-13Gd-3.5Y-2Zn-0.5Zr镁合金组织和力学性能的影响

对Mg-13Gd-3.5Y-2Zn-0.5Zr镁合金铸锭进行均匀化处理,温度为505～525℃,时间为4～24h,并采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和万能材料试验机等检测手段分析均匀化处理前后合金微观组织和力学性能的变化。结果表明:均匀化处理后,原始组织中网状分布共晶化合物转化成晶界处不连续分布的块状LPSO相,离散分布的方块状富稀土相溶解。力学性能测试显示,铸态镁合金的抗拉强度为172.9MPa,伸长率为1.8%,经过均匀化处理后合金的力学性能得到提高,在515℃/16h均匀化制度下,合金室温抗拉强度为212.3MPa,伸长率为3.1%;在200℃下抗拉强度为237.2MPa,伸长率为9.7%,性能达到最佳。断口扫描显示,铸态合金是以撕裂棱与解理台阶为主的解理脆性断裂,均匀化处理后的合金中出现小而浅的韧窝,但仍然是以解理台阶为主的准解理断裂,塑性提高有限,长程有序相可成为裂纹的萌生源。     

Mn元素在Mg-Zn-Mn合金中演变形式和作用的研究

利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究了Mg-6%(质量分数,下同)Zn-1%Mn(ZM61)镁合金中Mn在不同状态下的存在形式和作用。结果表明,铸态组织中大多数Mn固溶于基体中;均匀化处理以后,组织中析出少量细小的α-Mn颗粒;挤压和固溶时大部分Mn以形状规则的α-Mn颗粒的形式析出,主要有3种形态,即规则多边形(以六边形为主)、球状和棒状。通过高分辨透射电子显微分析发现,α-Mn颗粒与α-Mg基体之间存在共格界面关系((1010)α-Mg//(301)α-Mn,[1216]α-Mg//[12 3]α-Mn)。研究还发现α-Mn颗粒可以作为时效过程中MgZn2相的异质形核核心,但依附α-Mn颗粒形核的MgZn2相都较粗大。根据二维晶格错配度"Bramifit模型"计算得出,当α-Mn颗粒与MgZn2之间存在位向关系((200)α-Mn//(1010)MgZn2,[012]α-Mn//[1213]MgZn2)时,二者之间的晶格错配度仅为2.14%,且高分辨显微分析也发现α-Mn颗粒(200)面与MgZn2的(1010)呈共格关系。