TiB_2基陶瓷/Ti-6Al-4V合金梯度纳米复合材料组织演化与防弹性能

基于陶瓷/钛合金液态熔合与扩散原理,采用离心反应熔铸工艺制备出Ti B_2基陶瓷/Ti-6Al-4V梯度纳米结构复合材料。经14.5 mm军用制式穿甲弹DOP靶试,Ti B_2基陶瓷与Ti B_2基陶瓷/Ti-6Al-4V梯度纳米结构复合材料的平均质量效益分别为3.05和7.30。因此可认为,由于陶瓷/钛合金层间生成Ti B_2、Ti B呈空间尺度连续梯度演化的复合结构,该复合材料不仅具有高的层间解离抗力与优异的整体力学性能,而且通过层间载荷传递与多尺度(微米/微纳米/纳米)界面剪切耦合的双重效应,又在靶试中表现出高的抗弹性能。     

TC21钛合金动态力学性能和抗弹性能的研究

采用分离式霍普金森压杆和终点弹道实验装置,研究了α+β区和β区锻造的TC21钛合金的动态力学性能和抗弹性能。结果表明:在动态压缩试验条件下,α+β区锻造的TC21钛合金较之β区锻造的TC21钛合金具有更高的动态强度,而β区锻造的TC21钛合金的临界断裂应变更大,具有更好的动态塑性变形能力;在12.7 mm穿甲弹侵彻条件下,无论是α+β区还是β区锻造的TC21钛合金靶板的抗弹性能均与TC4钛合金靶板的抗弹性能相近,这可能是由于TC21钛合金和TC4钛合金靶板都易于发生绝热剪切破坏所导致。α+β区锻造的双态组织靶板的损伤模式为塑性扩孔导致的背部崩落破坏模式,β区锻造的片层组织靶板的损伤模式为脆性破碎模式;2种组织靶板的失效破坏均为绝热剪切带和其诱发的裂纹所导致。     

钛合金Ti6Al4V表面渗钼层的摩擦磨损性能

利用双层辉光离子渗金属技术在钛合金Ti6Al4V表面进行合金化，形成均匀、致密、厚度为9．4μm的钛钼合金渗层。表面硬度提高3倍左右，达到1050Hκ。采用球盘磨损试验机考察了钛合金Ti6Al4V表面渗钼层和Ti6Al4V钛合金的摩擦性能，得出该合金表面渗Mo后虽然摩擦因数略微增大，但耐磨性提高100余倍；通过对磨损形貌的分析可知，表面渗Mo合金层磨损机制主要表现为粘着及少量微切削。     

钛合金表面辉光离子渗铝耐蚀性

利用双层辉光离子渗金属技术,在钛合金(Ti6Al4V)表面渗AI,形成均匀的钛铝合金扩散层.用显微硬度仪测量渗层的显微硬度,用SEM、XRD分析渗层的截面形貌和相结构,并在0.5 mol/L H2SO4溶液和3.5%NaCl溶液中测试极化曲线方法.结果表明:经950℃,保温5 h后Ti6Al4V合金基材表面形成厚度约为20 ìm的钛铝合金扩散层,扩散层由金属间化合物Ti3Al和TiAl组成;合金表面显微硬度值达到8100 MPa;钛合金表面的耐蚀性能提高.     

Ti6Al4V钛合金表面双层辉光等离子W-Mo共渗及其腐蚀磨损性能研究

为了改善TC4的腐蚀磨损性能,采用双层辉光等离子表面冶金技术对Ti6Al4V钛合金进行W-Mo共渗,并对其腐蚀磨损性能进行研究。结果表明:在Ti6Al4V钛合金表面W-Mo共渗可形成均匀的、由沉积层和扩散层构成的W-Mo改性层;该改性层与Ti6Al4V钛合金基体相比,在空气中,5%H2SO4(质量分数)溶液和5%NaCl(质量分数)溶液中的摩擦系数均有所降低,磨损形貌得到改善,在5%H2SO4和5%NaCl溶液中的磨损量更是显著减小。结果表明,在Ti6Al4V钛合金表面W-Mo共渗可显著提高其耐腐蚀磨损性能。     

置氢TC4钛合金与TiAl合金的扩散连接研究

分别对Ti Al合金与TC4钛合金、置氢0.5 wt%的TC4钛合金进行了扩散焊接试验。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射分析仪、能谱分析仪对接头界面进行了分析,并开展了抗剪强度试验。结果表明,在焊接温度为850℃,连接压力为15 MPa的工艺参数下,当保温时间为5 min时,连接界面存在细小孔洞;当保温时间为15 min时,置氢TC4钛合金的界面孔洞消失,并且产生一定厚度的反应层:保温时间达到30 min时,置氢TC4钛合金与Ti Al合金接头的连接强度平均可达290 MPa。断口分析表明,界面组织主要由Ti Al、Ti_3Al、Ti Al_2和Ti_3Al_5相组成。在相同的扩散焊接工艺规范下,置氢TC4钛合金与Ti Al合金的扩散接头连接强度明显高于未置氢TC4钛合金与Ti Al合金的扩散接头连接强度。     

高强度低成本Ti5322合金的抗弹性能及其抗弹机理研究

采用底推式105 mm长杆穿甲模拟弹,对厚度为45 mm的高强度低成本Ti5322合金靶板开展了终点弹道侵彻实验,研究了该合金的抗弹性能与抗弹机理,并探究了合金的典型抗弹效应——倾角效应。结果表明,Ti5322合金的质量防护系数为1. 80,空间防护系数为1. 02。Ti5322合金的损伤机制和抗弹机理是通过自身的绝热剪切局域化行为实现的。这种绝热剪切局域化行为,一方面通过靶板的变形破碎协调了弹体侵入过程的挤凿作用;另一方面,弹靶作用过程中发生的弹靶互侵蚀行为有效地消耗了弹体动能。     

TiB2基陶瓷/Ti-6Al-4V合金梯度纳米结构复合材料组织演化与防弹性能

基于陶瓷/钛合金液态熔合与扩散原理,采用离心反应熔铸工艺成功制备出TiB2基陶瓷/Ti-6Al-4V梯度纳米结构复合材料。经14.5 mm军用制式穿甲弹DOP靶试,TiB2基陶瓷与TiB2基陶瓷/Ti-6Al-4V梯度纳米结构复合材料的平均质量效益分别为3.05和7.30,因此可认为由于陶瓷/钛合金层间生成TiB2、TiB呈空间尺度连续梯度演化的复合结构,该复合材料不仅具有高的层间解离抗力与优异的整体力学性能,而且通过层间载荷传递与多尺度（微米/微纳米/纳米）界面剪切耦合的双重效应,又在靶试中表现出高的抗弹性能。     

L-PBF Ti6Al4V的表面氮化处理及腐蚀磨损性能研究

目的 钛合金的耐蚀性能好,但耐磨损性能较差,大大限制了钛合金在许多工业及医学领域的应用。通过对L-PBFTi6Al4V和轧制态Ti6Al4V合金在高纯氮气环境下进行氮化处理,探究氮化处理温度和原始组织差异对氮化处理结果及耐腐蚀磨损性能的影响。根据实验结果讨论不同氮化处理工艺下Ti6Al4V合金的组织演变,以及组织与腐蚀磨损的关系。方法 对轧制Ti6Al4V和L-PBF Ti6Al4V分别进行不同温度下的气体氮化处理,通过显微组织分析、力学性能测试、SEM、CLSM、腐蚀磨损测试等方法系统地研究氮化处理工艺对其耐腐蚀磨损性能的影响。结果 随着温度的升高,氮化物层和扩散层的厚度逐渐增加,氮化物主要由Ti N和Ti2N组成。经氮化处理后,L-PBF Ti6Al4V和轧制态Ti6Al4V合金的氮化物层厚度分别达到10.2、8.23μm,显微硬度分别达到1 251HV0.2、1 290HV0.2。合金的腐蚀磨损性能得到大幅提高,磨损与腐蚀之间的协同作用加速了材料的损失。未处理的Ti6Al4V合金的磨损类型以磨粒磨损为主,而经氮化处理后合金的磨损机制变为磨粒磨损与黏着磨损的组合。结论 轧制态Ti6...     

Ti6Al4V合金表面离子铌合金化及其耐磨性能研究

采用双辉离子渗技术对Ti6Al4V钛合金表面渗Nb,利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计、磨损试验机、电化学测试系统研究钛合金表面离子渗Nb合金化层的形态、结构、力学性能、摩擦学性能和电化学腐蚀性能,并探讨渗Nb改性处理对钛合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中腐蚀磨损行为的影响.结果表明,渗Nb工艺参数对合金化层的形态、结构和性能影响显著,高浓度渗Nb合金化改性层表现出良好的强化效果,显著地改善了Ti6Al4V合金的抗大气环境和抗NaCl溶液腐蚀磨损性能.Ti6Al4V合金基材和渗Nb层的耐磨性能在NaCl溶液中优于大气环境,其原因归于溶液的润滑作用和试样的良好耐腐蚀性能.     

Large gap joining of Ti–6Al–4V alloy with mixed powder interlayers

Abstract

Titanium based brazing alloys containing chromium, iron, copper, and nickel as β stabilisers have been studied for joining the titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V. Two of these alloys were selected for use in producing large gap joints. The first brazing alloy, Ti–12Zr–14Cr–12Cu–12Ni (type 1), can be used to braze Ti–6Al–4V below its β transus temperature. Joints of thickness up to 150 μm can be made in a normal brazing cycle without prolonged holding. The interlayer consists of a β titanium alloy with no precipitation of intermetallic compounds. The second brazing alloy, Ti–12Zr–14Cr–6Fe–5Cu–5Ni (type 2), has to be brazed above the β transus temperature of Ti–6Al–4V. Its powders were mixed with pure titanium and Ti–6Al–4V powders and the mixture was used as the joining interlayer. Interlayers 5 mm in thickness were used to produce joints for microstructural examination and mechanical testing. It was found that residual pores in the interlayers were related to the amount of the brazing alloy in the interlayer. A fully dense interlayer could be obtained with 60 wt-% brazing alloy in the interlayer. The as bonded joints revealed tensile strength equal to 50% of that of the base metal. Diffusional treatment of the joints improved the joint efficiency to about 70%, compared with the base metal.     

Effects of Traverse Scanning Speed of Spray Nozzle on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cold-Sprayed Ti6Al4V Coatings

Cold spray has the potential to restore damaged aerospace components made from titanium alloy, Ti6Al4V at low temperature (200-400 °C). Traverse scanning speed during deposition is one of the key factors that affect the quality of the Ti6Al4V coatings as it influences the thermal build-up and coating thickness per pass. As there are fewer reported studies on this, this work investigated the effects of different traverse scanning speeds (100, 300 and 500 mm/s) of cold spray nozzle on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cold-sprayed Ti6Al4V coatings. The cross-sectional analysis showed coating porosities reduces with slower traverse speed, from 3.2 to 0.5%. In addition, the microhardness of the coatings increased from about 361-385 HV due to strain hardening. However, the adhesion strength of the coatings to the substrates significantly decreased with reduced traverse speed from about 60 MPa (glue failure) at 500 mm/s to 2.5 MPa (interface failure) at 100 mm/s. Therefore, this study revealed that the control of heat build-up and thickness per pass during the cold spray deposition of the Ti6Al4V coatings is crucial to attain the desirable properties of the coatings.     

Tensile properties of gas tungsten arc weldments in commercially pure titanium,Ti–6Al–4V and Ti–15V–3Al–3Sn–3Cr alloys at different strain rates

Abstract

The influence of microstructure and strain rate on the mechanical behaviour of three titanium alloys having applications in aerospace, namely, commercially pure titanium (α phase), Ti–6Al–4V (α + β phases) and Ti– 15V–3Cr–3Sn–3Al (β phase) is investigated for both the parent metals and their gas tungsten arc weldments. The results indicate that the tensile strengths of the three as received titanium alloys and their weldments increase with increasing strain rate. However, their elongations decrease with increasing strain rate. The as received Ti–6Al–4V alloy and its weldment, with a mixed α and β phase microstructure, have the maximum strength and microhardness. Commercial purity titanium metal and its weldment exhibit the minimum strength and microhardness. The tough Ti–15V–3Cr–3Sn–3Al alloy and its weldment, having a fully β phase microstructure, appear to have optimum strength and microhardness. The tensile properties of all three titanium alloy weldments are inferior to those of the as received metals.     

盐雾腐蚀条件下Ti合金表面功能薄膜的摩擦磨损性能

目的研究Ti6Al4V合金、铬掺杂类金刚石(Cr-DLC)薄膜、钨掺杂类金刚石(W-DLC)薄膜和氮化钛(TiN)薄膜,在干摩擦和盐雾腐蚀气氛摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能。方法在商用Ti6Al4V合金表面通过非平衡磁控溅射制备Cr-DLC薄膜和W-DLC薄膜,通过多弧离子镀技术制备TiN薄膜。利用扫描电镜、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机、白光干涉扫描轮廓仪,对薄膜的形貌、硬度、干摩擦和腐蚀摩擦性能、磨痕形貌进行测试分析。结果干摩擦条件下,Ti6Al4V合金表面沉积Cr-DLC、W-DLC和TiN三种薄膜的摩擦系数均比Ti6Al4V合金低;Ti6Al4V合金及其表面制备的三种薄膜在盐雾腐蚀气氛条件下的摩擦系数都比干摩擦条件下有所增加。与Ti6Al4V合金相比,Cr-DLC、W-DLC和TiN三种薄膜在干摩擦和盐雾腐蚀气氛摩擦条件下均减小了磨损体积。干摩擦条件下,W-DLC薄膜的磨损体积为0.0017 mm~3,耐磨性最好;盐雾腐蚀气氛摩擦条件下,TiN薄膜的磨损体积为0.0028 mm~3,表现出最佳的耐腐蚀磨损性能。通过磨痕形貌可以得出,盐雾腐蚀气氛摩擦条件下,Ti6Al4V合金表面制备的金属掺杂类金刚石薄膜的磨损受到磨粒磨损和腐蚀磨损双重机制的影响。结论三种表面功能薄膜在盐雾腐蚀气氛摩擦条件下都较好地保护了Ti合金,极大地减少了磨损损失。     

Ti6Al4V钛合金表面真空渗氧处理

目的在Ti6Al4V钛合金表层制备硬度高、耐磨性好的硬化层。方法结合真空技术,以高纯的O2为介质,在Ti6Al4V钛合金表面制备致密的渗氧硬化层,采用X衍射仪分析渗氧层的相组成,用金相显微镜观察渗氧层和磨痕组织,用显微硬度计测试渗氧层的显微硬度,用MM-U10A端面磨损试验机研究渗氧层的耐磨性。结果渗氧层物相主要由TiO_2、TiO、Ti_3Al及Al_2O_3组成,温度较低时,形成的渗氧层较薄,温度增加,渗氧层厚度迅速增加,硬度及耐磨性也随之增加。温度为760℃时,表面硬度为基体硬度的2.5倍以上,大于750HV,有效硬化层厚度达60μm以上,其磨损失重仅为未渗氧原样的1/4,表面磨痕细密,没有撕裂情况发生,渗氧层保持完整。温度继续增加,氧化物开始聚集长大,渗氧层组织开始变得疏松,硬度及耐磨性开始下降。结论 Ti6Al4V钛合金表面真空渗氧处理可显著提高其表面硬度,耐磨性改善明显。     

Study On the Tribological Behavior of the Arc-added Glow Discharge Plasma Non-hydrogen Carburization On Titanium Alloy Surfaces

This paper introduces a new titanium alloys surface strengthening treatment by using the arc-added glow discharge plasmas non-hydrogen carburization technique. High purity and high strength graphite is selected as cooling cathode arc source for supplying carbon atoms and particle, which migrate to the titanium alloy(Ti6Al4V) surface and form modified layer. Thus, the hydrogen embrittlement is avoided while the tfibological behavior of the titanium alloy surface is improved in the respects of anti-friction and anti-wear ability.The tribological behavior of the modified layer under dry sliding against SAE52100 steel was evaluated on a ball-on-disc test rig. The results showed that the modified layer obtained a thickness of 30μm at 980℃, 30minutes. The microhardness of the Ti6Al4V alloy surface attained 936 HV, which was much larger than that of the Ti6AI4V alloy. The Ti6AI4V alloy was characterized by adhesion wear and scuffing under dry sliding against the steel, while the surface modified layer experienced much abated adhesion wear and scuffing under the same testing condition. This could be attributed to the carbon dement with different modalities exists in the modified layer.The modified layer showed good friction-reducing and fair anti-wear ability in dry sliding against the steel. Using the SEM,XRD and XPS, the phase structure and morphology of the carburization modified layer was analyzed.     

Adhesion of sol-gel derived hydroxyapatite nanocoatings on anodised pure titanium and titanium (Ti6Al4V) alloy substrates

The mechanical properties and adhesion behaviour of sol-gel derived hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocoatings on commercially pure (cp) titanium (Ti) and Ti6Al4V alloy have been determined and related to anodising treatment. The surface roughness, wetting and coating characteristics were examined using profilometry, contact angle, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Nano-indentation was used to determine the Young's modulus and hardness of the coatings, while microtensile tests were used to introduce controlled strains in the coatings through the cp Ti and TiAl6V4 alloy substrates, from which the strength, fracture toughness and adhesion behaviour could be ascertained based on multiple cracking and delamination events. The toughness of the HA coatings is found to be slightly lower to that of equivalent bulk pure HA ceramics. The substrate and the anodized layer thickness have the most influence on the interfacial adhesion of HA, with nanocoatings on Ti6Al4V exhibiting superior interfacial bonding in comparison to cp Ti.     

Ti6Al4V合金干滑动磨损过程中摩擦层及摩擦氧化物的作用

目的分析Ti6Al4V合金在不同滑动速度下的干滑动磨损行为及磨损特征,研究钛合金的磨损机理,并探讨干滑动磨损过程中摩擦层及摩擦氧化物的作用。方法采用销盘式摩擦磨损试验机,对Ti6Al4V合金在不同滑动速度下进行干滑动磨损实验。采用磨损率和摩擦系数表征钛合金的磨损行为,采用SEM、EDS及XRD分析磨损表面及摩擦层的形貌及成分,采用数字显微硬度仪表征摩擦层的力学性能。结果滑动速度在0.5～4 m/s范围内变化,Ti6Al4V合金的磨损率发生显著变化,尤其是在高载条件下。0.5～1.5 m/s速度范围内,磨损率较低,2.68m/s速度下,磨损率达到最高值,4m/s速度下,磨损率达到最低值。0.75m/s速度下,粘着磨损和磨粒磨损为主要磨损机理,氧化磨损为次要磨损机理;2.68 m/s和4 m/s速度下的磨损机理分别为剥层磨损和氧化轻微磨损。2.68m/s速度下的高磨损率与硬度较低的无氧化物摩擦层对应,而4 m/s速度下的低磨损率与高硬度的多氧化物摩擦层对应。结论试验条件改变,Ti6Al4V合金的磨损行为及磨损机理发生变化。不同试验条件下的磨损行为与不同的摩擦层特征相对应,当摩擦层中包含一定量的摩擦氧化物时,这种陶瓷性的摩擦层具有比基体更高的硬度,能有效保护基体,降低磨损率。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of tungsten inert gas welded–brazed Al/Ti joints

The tungsten inert gas welding–brazing process using Al-based filler metal has been developed for joining 5052 Al alloy to Ti–6Al–4V alloy in a butt configuration. The results indicated that heat input influenced the morphology and thickness of the interfacial reaction layer of Al/Ti joints, which played an important role in the mechanical properties of weldment. With the optimised tungsten electrode offset D of 1.0?mm from Al/Ti initial interface to Al side and welding current of 70?A, the thin cellular-shaped and club-shaped TiAl₃ reaction layers formed in the brazing zone, which contributed to suppressing crack initiation and propagation during tensile test. Eventually, the maximum tensile strength of 183?MPa was obtained and the optimised Al/Ti joint fractured at Al alloy base plate. Moreover, the power density characterisation and joining mechanism of Al/Ti joints were discussed.