共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
以石墨烯、石墨粉、碳纳米管等材料为碳源,采用静电纺丝技术,随后经稳定和碳化过程,制备得到3种不同的碳纳米纤维。研究了碳纳米纤维在不同吸附条件下对铬离子的吸附性能。结果表明,碳纳米管纳米纤维表面粗糙度大且其石墨化程度最好,晶体结构更有序,比表面积也最高,这一特点有利于增大吸附材料对铬离子的吸附性能;在pH=3,温度为25℃时,碳纳米管纳米纤维对Cr(VI)的吸附量能达到52.8 mg/g。且循环使用5次后,其吸附率能达到初次吸附的60%,碳纳米管纳米纤维表现出最好的吸附性能。 相似文献
2.
静电纺丝技术制备无机物纳米纤维的最新研究进展 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
静电纺丝技术近年来在制备纳米纤维领域得到了广泛的应用,被认为是最简单有效的方法之一,已经用这种方法成功地制备了不同的纳米纤维.本文对静电纺丝法做了较全面的总结,对机理和改进方法进行了介绍,对影响因素做了细致的分析,还对无机纳米纤维的应用做了简单的展望. 相似文献
3.
通过静电纺丝法制备NiO-ZnO复合氧化物纳米纤维,利用XRD、XPS、BET、SEM、TEM和电化学工作站等对材料的结构、成分、形貌和电化学性能进行表征。结果发现当镍与锌质量比为10:1时,NiO-ZnO复合氧化物纳米纤维具有大比表面积71.425 m~2/g,表面占主导地位的介孔直径约为13.37 nm。在电化学测试中,该样品呈现出清晰的氧化还原峰,在1 A/g的电流密度下,放电比电容量为441 F/g,这远高于纯Ni O纤维的331 F/g,循环1000次电容保持率达到81.2%,也远大于纯NiO纤维的70.4%。当电流密度为0.5 A/g时,比电容量最大可达到461 F/g,表现出优良的充放电性能。 相似文献
4.
采用静电纺丝技术,以硫酸钛、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、DMF和水为原料,制备出柔性TiO2纳米纤维。用XRD、SEM、TEM和TG-DTA等分析手段对纳米纤维进行表征。结果表明,所得产物为多晶结构柔性TiO2纳米纤维,平均直径约为100 nm,长度>300 μm。以甲基橙、罗丹明B和苯酚为降解物,考察了焙烧温度对光催化效果的影响,柔性TiO2纳米纤维对这3种降解物均可达到较高的降解率。对柔性TiO2纳米纤维的形成机制进行了讨论 相似文献
5.
采用溶胶-凝胶法与静电纺丝技术相结合制备了PVP/[Ni(NO3)2+Fe(NO3)3]复合纳米纤维,在一定温度下进行热处理,得到尖晶石结构的NiFe2O4纳米纤维。利用TG-DTA、XRD、FTIR、SEM、TEM等分析手段对样品的组成及结构进行表征。TG-DTA分析表明,PVP/[Ni(NO3)2+Fe(NO3)3]复合纳米纤维的热处理温度高于450℃以后,质量恒定,总失重率为87.8%。XRD与FTIR分析表明,热处理温度高于600℃时,复合纳米纤维已经完全转变成尖晶石结构的NiFe2O4纳米纤维。SEM分析表明,所制备的PVP/[Ni(NO3)2+Fe(NO3)3]复合纤维直径在250~300nm之间,NiFe2O4纳米纤维直径约100nm,长度大于200μm。对NiFe2O4纳米纤维的形成机理进行了探讨。 相似文献
6.
以乙酸钡和钛酸四丁酯为原料,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP,Mw=1 300 000)为粘性剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法结合静电纺丝技术制备了高长/径比的钛酸钡纳米纤维(BaTiO3 NFs)。研究了乙酸-乙醇-去离子水、乙酸-N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)-去离子水和乙酸-DMF-乙酰丙酮3种纺丝溶剂对纤维直径的影响,结果表明,经900℃煅烧处理后的BaTiO3 NFs主相为立方相。当PVP含量为8.7%(质量分数,下同)时,乙酸-DMF-乙酰丙酮为优化的纺丝溶剂,此时制备的BaTiO3 NFs直径最小,为200 nm,长/径比最大,为100:1;在此基础上,又采用正交实验法,考察了针头到接收器的距离、纺丝液流率和纺丝电压等纺丝参数对BaTiO3 NFs纤维长/径比的影响,结果发现,当针头到接收器的距离为21 cm、流率为0.5 mL/h以及纺丝电压为21 kV时,制备的BaTiO3 NFs形貌较均匀,直径为200 nm,长/径比最大,为125:1。 相似文献
7.
《稀有金属材料与工程》2019,(5)
与零维、二维和三维纳米材料相比,一维纳米材料具有优异的气敏性能。以Zn(NO_3)_2·6H_2O和Fe(NO_3)_3·9H_2O为原料通过静电纺丝的方法制备了一维铁酸锌纳米纤维。利用TG-DSC分析了材料的前驱体,用XRD、SEM、TEM、FT-IR、BET和XPS对材料进行了表征,并且对材料的气敏性能进行了研究。结果表明,在煅烧温度为500℃下获得的材料呈现出纳米纤维的形貌;基于500℃下获得的铁酸锌纳米纤维的元件,在工作温度为190℃下对丙酮表现出较高灵敏度和高选择性,S_(1000μL/L丙酮)/S_(1000μL/L乙醇)=8;当丙酮浓度低至1μL/L时,灵敏度仍能达到1.1。 相似文献
8.
通过静电纺丝法合成了LaMnO_3和La_0.875Sr_0.125MnO_3纳米纤维,利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对纳米纤维进行了表征,同时阐述了静电纺丝法在合成复杂成分陶瓷纳米纤维方面的特点和优势. 相似文献
9.
通过水热法制备了一系列的石墨烯-镓酸锌复合物。所制备的材料用XRD,SEM,TEM,拉曼和XPS进行表征。同时,探究了复合物的气敏性能。结果表明,石墨烯的含量对复合材料的气敏响应值和选择性有着很大的影响,并且当石墨烯的含量在0.1%时,复合材料的性能最好。当操作温度在203摄氏度时,0.1%石墨烯-镓酸锌复合材料对1000ppm的甲醛的响应值达32.2倍,最低检测限度为1ppm。同时,该材料的选择性也比较优越,对1000ppm甲醛和1000ppm丙酮的响应值的比值为26.8。该材料对1000ppm甲醛的响应和恢复时间分别为11秒和5秒,对1ppm甲醛的响应和恢复时间分别为6秒和5秒. 相似文献
10.
静电纺丝法制备多孔五氧化二钒纳米纤维,在经过后续的高温处理得到多孔洞的五氧化二钒纳米管结构。本文以商用五氧化二钒粉末,苯甲醇和异丙醇为原料制备氧化钒溶胶,添加聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)以增加前驱体的粘性,并以此为前驱体通过静电纺丝法制备超长五氧化二钒纳米纤维。于是我们得到静电纺丝法制备的五氧化二钒纤维,通过改变热处理的时间来实现对纤维形貌的控制。我们所添加的PVP在整个溶液中的质量分数为10%。使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、投射电子显微镜(TEM)以及X射线衍射仪(XRD)来表征所制备的多孔五氧化二钒纳米管的形貌和结晶度。由热重分析仪(TGA)来测试静电纺丝设备制备得到的五氧化二钒纳米纤维的热分解,并以此选择高温处理温度。静电纺丝得到的超长五氧化二钒纳米纤维的直径在400-700纳米间,长度为2-10微米。经过不同时间的高温处理后,所获得结构为不同完整程度的多孔洞五氧化二钒纳米管。 相似文献
11.
TiO2 nanofibers were synthesized by an electrospinning technique using polyvinyl pyrrolidone and titanium tetraisopropoxide as
precursors. The effects of processing parameters including the precursor ratio, calcination time, temperature and atmosphere
were investigated. The calcination temperature determines the TiO2 phases as either anatase or rutile. The diameter of the synthesized TiO2 nanofibers is not sensitive to the calcination atmosphere or the time. However, the surface microstructure of the synthesized
nanofibers depends highly on calcination atmosphere. Calcination in an N2 atmosphere produces smooth surfaces. In contrast, surfaces that are more granular evolve when they are calcined in an O2 atmosphere. In addition, less Ti precursor in the electrospinning solution results in slim nanofibers. 相似文献
12.
Nanoparticles of ZnFe2O4 with grain size of 30 nm have been synthesized via sol-gel auto combustion method and characterized using DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), EDAX (energy dispersive X-ray analysis), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer) and Ac-electrical conductivity measurement setup. Structural analysis using XRD and FTIR show the formation of spinel structure in nano ZnFe2O4 particles. The cation distribution in the sample has been estimated theoretically and the results show that as-prepared nanoparticles of ZnFe2O4 have partially inverted ionic distribution in comparison with that of bulk zinc ferrite. Results from EDAX indicate the ratio of Fe:Zn as close to 2:1. The presence of a weak ferrimagnetic phase for nano ZnFe2O4 at room temperature has been established from its hysteresis behavior. Redistribution of cations occurring at nano-regime and surface spin canting of nanoparticles of ZnFe2O4 are expected to be responsible for the presence of magnetic ordering in nano ZnFe2O4. The Curie temperature of nano ZnFe2O4 determined from magnetization versus temperature measurement is equal to 375 °C. The electrical conductivity of the present ZnFe2O4 at a frequency of 100 kHz at room temperature is observed to be 2.11 × 10−8 Ω−1 cm−1 which is four orders lesser in magnitude than the value of bulk ZnFe2O4. Overall conductivity response with respect to temperature and frequency confirm that ZnFe2O4 tends to become more dielectric in the nano-regime. 相似文献
13.
以Al(NO3)3?9H2O为包覆原料,通过燃烧法制备得到LiNi0.03Co0.05Mn1.92O4@Al2O3正极材料。通过X射线衍射(XRD),场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等表征手段对材料的结构和形貌进行分析,并通过恒电流充放电、循环伏安(CV)、交流阻抗(EIS)等测试分析材料的电化学性能。结果表明,Al2O3包覆没有改变LiNi0.03Co0.05Mn1.92O4的尖晶石型结构,包覆层厚度约10.6nm。LiNi0.03Co0.05Mn1.92O4@Al2O3正极材料电化学性能得到了明显改善,1 C和10 C倍率下初始放电比容量分别为119.9 mAh?g-1和106.3 mAh?g-1,充放电循环500次后容量保持率分别为88.4%和78.2%,而未包覆的LiNi0.03Co0.05Mn1.92O4在1 C和10 C倍率下初始放电比容量分别为121.2 mAh?g-1和104.0 mAh?g-1,500次循环后容量保持率分别为84.1%和67.6%。LiNi0.03Co0.05Mn1.92O4@Al2O3活化能为32.92 kJ?mol-1,而未包覆材料的活化能为36.24 kJ?mol-1,包覆有效降低了材料Li+扩散所需克服的能垒,提高了材料的电化学性能。 相似文献
14.
Gamil A. El-Shobaky Awad I. AhmedHassan M.A. Hassan Shaymaa E. El-Shafey 《Journal of Alloys and Compounds》2011,509(4):1314-1321
The effects of K2O and Li2O-doping (0.5, 0.75 and 1.5 mol%) of Fe2O3/Cr2O3 system on its surface and the catalytic properties were investigated. Pure and differently doped solids were calcined in air at 400-600 °C. The formula of the un-doped calcined solid was 0.85Fe2O3:0.15Cr2O3. The techniques employed were TGA, DTA, XRD, N2 adsorption at −196 °C and catalytic oxidation of CO oxidation by O2 at 200-300 °C. The results revealed that DTA curves of pure mixed solids consisted of one endothermic peak and two exothermic peaks. Pure and doped mixed solids calcined at 400 °C are amorphous in nature and turned to α-Fe2O3 upon heating at 500 and 600 °C. K2O and Li2O doping conducted at 500 or 600 °C modified the degree of crystallinity and crystallite size of all phases present which consisted of a mixture of nanocrystalline α- and γ-Fe2O3 together with K2FeO4 and LiFe5O8 phases. However, the heavily Li2O-doped sample consisted only of LiFe5O8 phase. The specific surface area of the system investigated decreased to an extent proportional to the amount of K2O and Li2O added. On the other hand, the catalytic activity was found to increase by increasing the amount of K2O and Li2O added. The maximum increase in the catalytic activity, expressed as the reaction rate constant (k) measured at 200 °C, attained 30.8% and 26.5% for K2O and Li2O doping, respectively. The doping process did not modify the activation energy of the catalyzed reaction but rather increased the concentration of the active sites without changing their energetic nature. 相似文献
15.
In an ASZ/A384 Al composite, the interfacial reaction was observed to take place between the SiO2 binder layer and Mg within the matrix to form MgAl2O4 at the interface. Formation of MgAl2O4 at the interface between ASZ short fibers and the Al matrix alloy is believed to enhance the interfacial bonding strength,
resulting in improved composite strength. However, the interfacial reaction in the ASZ/A384 Al proceeds at the expense of
Mg in the matrix, resulting in a composite devoid of Mg bearing precipitates such as Al2CuMg and Mg2Si. 相似文献
16.
以无水氯化锌和六水氯化铝为前驱体,水和乙醇的混合溶液为溶剂,1,2-环氧丙烷为凝胶促进剂,聚氧乙烯为相分离诱导剂,采用溶胶-凝胶伴随相分离法制备大孔锌铝尖晶石块体材料,并采用差热分析(DTA)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等 测试技术对所形成的多孔块体的物相和微观结构进行了表征,并研究了高温热处理过程对块体材料的结构以及晶相的影响。结果表明,聚氧化乙烯(PEO) 能诱导体系发生相分离,获得共连续骨架和孔径大小可控的多孔块体。常温下制备出的多孔块体为的锌铝水滑石(ZnAl-LDHs),热处理过程中发生羟基脱除,碳酸根离子分解等反应,最后得到具有单一尖晶石相的多孔块体,该材料在石油化工领域的催化应用具有良好的前景。 相似文献
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18.
The corrosion behavior of pure Nb and three Nb Al alloys containing 12.5, 25, and 75 at.% Al was studied over the temperature range of 800–1000°C in a H2/H2S/H2O gas mixture. Except for the Nb-12.5Al alloy consisting of a two phase structure of -Nb and Nb3Al, other alloys studied were single phase. The corrosion kinetics followed the parabolic rate law in all cases, regardless of temperature and alloy composition. The parabolic rate constants increased with increasing temperature, but fluctuated with increasing Al content. The Nb-75Al alloy exhibited the best corrosion resistance among all alloys studied, whose corrosion rates are 1.6–2.2 orders of magnitude lower than those of pure-Nb (depending on temperature). An exclusive NbO2 layer was formed on pure Nb, while heterophasic scales were observed on Nb-Al alloys whose compositions and amounts strongly depended on Al content and temperature. The scales formed on Nb-12.5Al consisted of mostly NbO2 and minor amounts of Nb2O5, NbS2, and -Al2O3, while the scales formed on Nb-25Al consisted of mostly Nb2O5 and some -Al2O3. The scales formed on Nb-75Al consisted of mostly -Al2O3 and Nb3S4 atT 900°C, and mostly -Al2O3 , Nb3S4 and some AlNbO4 at 1000°C. The formation of -Al2O3 and Nb3S4 resulted in a significant reduction of the corrosion rates. 相似文献
19.
High-Temperature Oxidation of Ni Coated with La2O3 by Atomic-Layer Chemical-Vapor Deposition (ALCVD)
The effects of superficial (30–100 nm) La2O3 surface coatings on the oxidation kinetics of Ni from 700 to 1100°C in air and the oxide morphology of the NiO scales have been investigated. The parabolic rate constant is lower than for uncoated Ni by a factor of 5 to 10. The oxide morphology changes with the La2O3 coatings: The oxide scale consists of an outer fine-grain layer with an inner region of coarser, but still equiaxed, grains. SIMS shows that the majority of the La remains at the surface where a highly oxygen-defective spinel, La2Ni4O7, was found by TEM. Two-stage oxidation followed by SIMS profiling reveals that the oxide growth occurs inside the scales. 相似文献