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聚合物质子传导电解质膜的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
聚合物质子传导电解质膜(或称质子交换膜)作为质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的电解质和隔膜,其性能在很大程度上决定了PEMFC的性能.本文对目前已商业化的全氟磺酸膜和部分氟化膜以及目前正在大力开发的非氟化质子交换膜的状况及研究进展进行了介绍,并讨论了这些质子交换膜的结构、制备、性能以及它们在燃料电池中的应用. 相似文献
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采用催化剂涂覆的膜(CCM)和碳纸扩散层组成质子交换膜燃料电池的膜电极.CCM采用直接喷涂的方法制备,研究了与直接喷涂技术相关的影响因素,包括催化层中Nafion的含量和分布、有机溶剂的种类、喷涂操作条件等.CCM的表面形貌和孔结构采用扫描电镜(SEM)方法表征,MEA的电化学特性通过单体PEMFC的I-V曲线进行评价.实验结果表明,在优化条件下制备的CCM膜电极的结构和性能有明显的改善. 相似文献
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膜电极催化层的组成和电催化剂的活性对质子交换膜燃料电池的性能有很大影响.采用浸渍还原法制备出了Pt平均粒径为3.1nm的Pt/C催化剂.催化剂中Pt的粒径和在碳黑载体(VulcanXC-72)表面的分散程度采用透射电镜(TEM)进行测试.用Pt/C催化剂、适量的Nation溶液和PrFE乳液制备出质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFc)膜电极的催化剂层,并研究了该催化剂层中PTFE含量对其性能的影响.实验表明,PTFE强烈的疏水性可以迫使部分水分向阳极反扩散,催化层中加入适量的PTFE可以使膜电极具有一定的水管理能力,在去掉辅助增湿系统的条件下具有良好的极化性能. 相似文献
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燃料电池是一种非常有前景的新能源体系。燃料电池不使用热力发动机,利用电极和电解质界面发生的化学反应直接将燃料的化学能转换成电能,反应不受卡诺循环限制,因此,具有高的能量转换效率。在燃料电池中,质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)在便携式设备、交通运输以及固定装置领域具有重要的应用前景。然而,目前的PEMFC还存在一些问题,主要包括高成本、功率不足、稳定性差等问题,限制了其大规模商业化应用。这些问题的根本原因在于PEMFC中阴极催化剂、气体扩散层、质子交换膜和双极板等关键材料的成本和性能还不能满足PEMFC商业化的要求。要实现PEMFC的大规模应用,需要开发先进的阴极催化剂、气体扩散层、质子交换膜和双极板等关键材料。针对PEMFC对低成本、高性能先进材料的需求,本文综述了阴极催化剂、气体扩散层、质子交换膜和双极板等关键材料的研究进展以及应用面临的问题,并指出了未来的发展方向:加强铂合金催化剂以及金属-氮-碳(M-N-C)化合物催化剂的规模化制备工艺的探索;制备兼具高质子传导率和优异力学性能的质子交换膜;详细研究改性气体扩散层在不同的工况条件下对PEMFC性能的影响;开发具有优良耐蚀性和导电性的涂层或新型金属材料用于双极板。 相似文献
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燃料电池用磺化聚醚醚酮质子交换膜的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过浓硫酸磺化法制备了具有不同磺化程度的磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK),并对此种质子交换膜进行了物化性能和H2/O2质子交换膜燃料电池性能研究,实验结果表明,SPEEK膜具有较理想的力学稳定性和气体渗透率,它的微观结构和质子传导性能与Nafion膜有所不同,经过其H2/O2质子交换膜燃料电池的性能研究,SPEEK膜能够保证电池在200h内稳定运行,有希望成为PEMFC用质子交换膜材料。 相似文献
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质子交换膜是质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的和绝缘电子的作用,其性能和寿命直接决定电池的性能和寿命.从膜材料的角度分类,综述了质子交换膜燃料电池用主链含氟聚合物膜、元素有机聚合物膜以及芳香族碳氢化合物膜的特性和研究现状. 相似文献
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磺化聚砜膜的燃料电池性能初步研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
针对磺化聚砜质子交换膜用于PEMFC ,研究了它的物理化学性能和电化学性能 ,实验结果表明 :与Nafion 膜相比 ,磺化聚砜 (EW =90 0 )作为质子交换膜材料 ,具有较好的热稳定性、水化性能和尺寸稳定性 ,溶液浇铸法制得的磺化聚砜膜在机械强度、气体渗透性能方面与Nafion 膜相近 ,用磺化聚砜膜组装的PEMFC的电池性能与Nafion 膜相比存在一定的差距 ,但从电池运行稳定性来看 ,还是有希望用于质子交换膜燃料电池的 . 相似文献
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A procedure to locate the Pt nanostructure inside the hydrophilic channel of a Nafion membrane was developed in order to enhance Pt utilization in PEMFCs. Nanosize Pt-embedded MEA was constructed by Cu electroless plating and subsequent Pt electrodeposition inside the hydrophilic channels of the Nafion membrane. The metallic Pt nanostructure fabricated inside the membrane was employed as an oxygen reduction catalyst for a PEMFC and facilitated effective use of the hydrophilic channels inside the membrane. Compared to the conventional MEA, a Pt-embedded MEA with only 68% Pt loading showed better PEMFC performance. 相似文献
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质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)具有能量转换效率高、功率密度大、室温启动快、噪音低和零污染等特点,有望减少二氧化碳排放量,缓解能源危机,在轨道交通、航空航天等领域具有广阔的应用前景。催化剂是PEMFC的关键材料, Pt催化氧还原反应活性和稳定性好,是广泛使用且很难被取代的电催化剂。然而Pt储量低、价格昂贵,导致PEMFC成本较高,使用Pt载体可减少PEMFC的Pt负载量,提高Pt利用率。碳材料具有成本低廉、比表面积大、孔结构丰富、电导率和表面性质可调等特性,是广泛应用的Pt载体。商用的炭黑载体对Pt的利用效率低,抗电化学腐蚀性较差。为了进一步提高PEMFC的性能和持续性,需要研发能够均匀负载Pt、高效利用Pt、抗电化学腐蚀性强且导电性好的碳载体,进而实现PEMFC的大规模应用。炭气凝胶、碳纳米管和石墨烯等新型碳载体具有独特的结构和性质,可以提高PEMFC性能和寿命,引起了研究者的广泛关注。本文对近年来PEMFC新型碳材料Pt载体的研究进展进行了较为详细的综述,并对其发展趋势作出了适当评论。 相似文献
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多孔金属是一种兼具结构与功能的材料,得益于其低密度、高孔隙率、可控渗透性的优点,在许多领域都有广泛应用。本文综述了多孔金属在质子交换膜燃料电池(proton exchange membrane fuel cell,PEMFC)双极板流场中的研究进展,相较于传统流道流场,高开孔率(>70%)的多孔金属具有相互连通的三维立体结构,可以增加气体分布均匀性、并加强气体传质、增强电子和热的传导及水的排出,从而对电池性能有较大提升。同时探讨多孔金属参数、流场结构设计、服役参数目和多孔材料本身对多孔金属流场在PEMFC应用中的影响。目前阻碍多孔金属在PEMFC应用的最大问题是腐蚀,且多孔金属内部结构复杂对涂层制备工艺提出更大挑战,因此如何有效解决多孔金属在PEMFC两极环境中的腐蚀问题,对推进多孔金属在燃料电池领域中的应用意义重大。 相似文献
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Zipeng Zhao Changli Chen Zeyan Liu Jin Huang Menghao Wu Haotian Liu Yujing Li Yu Huang 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2019,31(31)
Currently, Pt‐based electrocatalysts are adopted in the practical proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), which converts the energy stored in hydrogen and oxygen into electrical power. However, the broad implementation of the PEMFC, like replacing the internal combustion engine in the present automobile fleet, sets a requirement for less Pt loading compared to current devices. In principle, the requirement needs the Pt‐based catalyst to be more active and stable. Two main strategies, engineering of the electronic (d‐band) structure (including controlling surface facet, tuning surface composition, and engineering surface strain) and optimizing the reactant adsorption sites are discussed and categorized based on the fundamental working principle. In addition, general routes for improving the electrochemical surface area, which improves activity normalized by the unit mass of precious group metal/platinum group metal, and stability of the electrocatalyst are also discussed. Furthermore, the recent progress of full fuel cell tests of novel electrocatalysts is summarized. It is suggested that a better understanding of the reactant/intermediate adsorption, electron transfer, and desorption occurring at the electrolyte–electrode interface is necessary to fully comprehend these electrified surface reactions, and standardized membrane electrode assembly (MEA) testing protocols should be practiced, and data with full parameters detailed, for reliable evaluation of catalyst functions in devices. 相似文献
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A conventional PEMFC (polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell) stack is composed of multiple stack composed of GDL (gas diffusion layer), MEA (membrane electrode assemblies), and bipolar plates sandwiched in between two thick metallic endplates tightened by bands or tie-bolts as to maintain proper contact pressure on its active area and gasket interface. The proper contact pressure distribution in a stack offers low contact resistance for high energy efficiency and fluid leakage prevention as well. For which, the endplates should have proper structural stiffness. 相似文献
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H2-fed polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are the most advanced fuel cell technology to date and continue to be of great interest as prospective energy sources in numerous applications, including for low/zero-emission electric vehicles, distributed power generators in homes, and small portable electronic devices. However, the commercialization of PEMFC technology has been greatly hindered by certain challenges, mainly the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction at the cathode and the high cost of Pt-based cathode catalysts, the latter presently accounting for over 55% of the total PEMFC cost. To overcome the limited stability of state-of-the-art Pt/C, Pt and Pt-alloy catalysts supported on modified carbon materials have garnered significant interest in recent years. It is therefore timely to compile a review that focuses on Pt and Pt-alloy catalysts supported on modified carbon materials, examining their current R&D status, applications, challenges, and future prospects. This review provides a systematic and comprehensive survey of current Pt and Pt-alloy PEMFC cathode catalysts in terms of materials selection and design, synthesis methods, and structural features, emphasizing how these various aspects relate to the catalysts’ physicochemical characterization and performance, and with the aim of shedding light on the future direction of PEMFC research. 相似文献