石墨烯修饰氮掺杂TiO2纳米材料的制备及光催化性能

以TiN粉末煅烧制备的氮掺杂纳米TiO_2(N-TiO_2)和氧化石墨烯为原料,在水热条件下制备了石墨烯修饰的氮掺杂TiO_2纳米材料(GNT)。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HR-TEM)及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等测试手段对所制备的样品进行了表征。紫外-可见漫反射吸收谱表明石墨烯与氮掺杂的共修饰使得TiO_2的吸收带边发生红移,且其可见光吸收性能明显提高。可见光照射下降解亚甲基蓝溶液的实验结果表明石墨烯修饰的氮掺杂TiO_2的光催化降解性能分别是TiO_2、N-TiO_2的4.3倍和1.9倍。     

Ag、Cu掺杂TiO_2催化剂的制备及其光催化降解阿昔洛韦的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ag、Cu共掺TiO_2催化剂,研究了Ag、Cu掺杂比例对TiO_2光催化效果的影响。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、紫外-可见分光光度计、紫外-可见漫反射分别表征了催化剂的结构、形貌、光吸收及光催化性能。结果表明:以适当比例掺杂Ag、Cu能显著提高TiO_2光催化剂对阿昔洛韦的去除能力,Cu、Ag掺杂量分别为1.2%、1.5%(均为摩尔分数)的TiO_2光催化剂对阿昔洛韦的去除率高达98.8%。     

水热合成的MoS2/石墨烯/N-TiO2复合材料的可见光催化性能

以氧化石墨烯(GO)、钼酸、硫脲和TiN为原料,成功制备了MoS_2/石墨烯/N-TiO_2(MGNT)复合材料。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HR-TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)等手段测试分析了样品的物相组成、形貌、成分和光吸收性能。紫外-可见漫反射测试结果表明,MoS_2、石墨烯共同修饰及氮掺杂使得TiO_2的吸收带边发生红移,且其可见光吸收性能明显提高。可见光照射下降解亚甲基蓝溶液的实验结果表明,MoS_2/石墨烯共同修饰的氮掺杂TiO_2的光催化降解性能分别是氮掺杂TiO_2(NT)和石墨烯修饰氮掺杂TiO_2(GNT)的1.82倍和1.59倍,其吸附性分别为氮掺杂TiO_2、石墨烯修饰氮掺杂TiO_2的11.14倍和4.77倍。     

水热法制备TiO_2/g-C_3N_4及其光催化性能

采用水热法合成了可见光响应的TiO_2/g-C_3N_4复合催化剂,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸附-脱附(BET)法、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见漫反射(UV-vis DRS)、荧光光谱(PL)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对样品进行了表征。并以亚甲基蓝为降解对象,考察了在可见光条件下不同催化剂对亚甲基蓝的降解能力。研究结果表明,锐钛矿型二氧化钛均匀地负载在石墨相氮化碳片层上,TiO_2/g-C_3N_4复合材料的光吸收带边扩展到470nm,具有优异的可见光催化效率,它对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解率达到99.0%。     

纳米线阵列的电化学优化光吸收增强研究

通过在自生长的半导体Cu2S纳米线阵列表面进一步应用电化学表面沉积处理,在纳米线表面形成尺寸更小的Cu2S纳米颗粒结构,实现了在不减小纳米线直径或增加纳米线长度的情况下,有效提高了纳米线阵列光吸收性能。利用I-V循环扫描曲线研究了以Cu2S纳米线阵列为工作电极的Cu2S沉积电位,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计,对纳米阵列的相结构、微观表面形貌、晶体结构及光吸收能力进行了表征和分析。研究表明:沉积于单斜晶系Cu2S纳米线阵列上的纳米颗粒为斜方晶系Cu2S,沉积后纳米线表面结构改变,粗糙度明显增加,起到了减少纳米线的光反射、优化原纳米线阵列光吸收综合能力的作用。     

氟、锌共掺杂TiO_2纳米晶的制备与光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了氟、锌共掺杂TiO2纳米晶光催化剂,分别利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射光谱对样品进行表征,并通过降解亚甲基蓝实验评估了样品的光催化性能。XRD与TEM表征结果表明,样品为锐钛矿相,平均粒径约16nm。掺杂后,样品光吸收性能未得到显著改善,但其光催化活性却得到显著提高。掺杂离子F-有利于光催化反应过程中羟基自由基的形成,样品光催化活性因而得到显著提高;共掺杂样品中,随着Zn掺杂量的增加,样品光催化活性呈现先增加后减小的变化趋势,Zn掺杂量为2%时,共掺杂样品的光催化性能最佳。     

可见光响应的TiO2双层纳米棒阵列制备及其光催化性能研究

采用磁控溅射辅助二次水热法,在掺杂氟的SnO_2透明导电玻璃基底上制备出可见光响应的TiO_2双层纳米棒阵列。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见-近红外光谱仪(UV-Vis-DRS)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对样品的晶体结构、微观形貌、光吸收性质及化学组分价态进行了表征;以甲基橙为目标降解物,对样品在可见光下的催化性能进行了研究。结果表明:双层阵列由金红石相TiO_2一维纳米棒构成,溅射沉积的TiO_2纳米颗粒为上层纳米棒阵列生长提供晶种,使其生长更致密;并且由于其内部Ti3+和氧空位缺陷态的存在,将阵列的光谱吸收范围拓宽至可见光区域。TiO_2双层纳米棒阵列在可见光照射下对甲基橙的降解率相比纯TiO_2纳米棒阵列提高了67%,表现出良好的光催化性能。     

银粒子修饰下的介孔二氧化钛的制备及其光催化性能的研究

利用光还原的方法制备一系列不同银含量的改性介孔二氧化钛的颗粒。采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外一可见漫反射谱(DRS)和X射线能谱仪(EDX)等技术手段对制备的样品进行了表征。结果表明, 银纳米粒子被牢牢固定在二氧化钛表面, 并在银和二氧化钛界面形成肖特基势垒用以提高电子-空穴的分离。而从紫外可见漫反射光谱中看出, 银二氧化钛样品与未改性的二氧化钛样品相比显示出更高的红移。以亚甲基蓝(MB)为光降解模型, 银改性二氧化钛表现出较高的活性。     

银粒子修饰下的介孔二氧化钛的制备及其光催化性能的研究（英文）

利用光还原的方法制备一系列不同银含量的改性介孔二氧化钛的颗粒。采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外一可见漫反射谱(DRS)和X射线能谱仪(EDX)等技术手段对制备的样品进行了表征。结果表明,银纳米粒子被牢牢固定在二氧化钛表面,并在银和二氧化钛界面形成肖特基势垒用以提高电子–空穴的分离。而从紫外可见漫反射光谱中看出,银二氧化钛样品与未改性的二氧化钛样品相比显示出更高的红移。以亚甲基蓝(MB)为光降解模型,银改性二氧化钛表现出较高的活性。     

煅烧TiN制备氮掺杂TiO2及其物相和光吸收性能的研究

通过控制煅烧TiN纳米粉体的温度和时间制备氮掺杂纳米TiO_2。利用原位升温X射线衍射(XRD)分析了TiN粉末随温度改变而发生的物相变化过程,并结合常规XRD粉末衍射、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱等手段对样品物相、组成以及可见光吸收性能进行测试表征。同时,探究了TiN热处理温度及热处理时间对样品吸收带边的影响。样品的紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱测试结果表明,氮掺杂TiO_2显著提高了TiO_2的可见光响应,并使其吸收带边发生明显的红移。TiN在500℃热处理60min制得的N-TiO_2纳米粉体的紫外-可见光响应能力最强。     

Optical and magnetic properties of Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles

Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple chemical method at low temperature with Cu:Zn atomic ratio from 0 to 5 %. The synthesis process was based on the hydrolysis of zinc acetate dehydrate and copper acetate tetrahydrate heated under reflux to 65 °C using methanol as a solvent. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that the Cu-doped ZnO crystallize in a wurtzite structure with a change of crystal size from 12 nm for undoped ZnO to 5 nm for Cu-doped ZnO. These nano size crystallites of Cu doped ZnO self-organized into microspheres. The XRD patterns, Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy micrographs of doping of Cu in ZnO confirmed the formation of microspheres and indicated that the Cu²⁺ is successfully substituted into the ZnO host structure of the Zn²⁺ site. Cu doping shifts the absorption onset to blue from 373 to 350 nm, indicating an increase in the band gap from 3.33 to 3.55 eV. A relative increase in the intensity of the deep trap emission of Cu-doped ZnO is observed when increasing the concentration of Cu. Magnetic measurements indicate that Cu-doped ZnO samples are ferromagnetic at room temperature except pure ZnO.     

金属Cd~(2+)掺杂TiO_2纳米颗粒的制备及能级结构的影响机理

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Cd2+掺杂改性TiO2纳米颗粒,利用XRD、TEM、XPS和UV-Vis光谱对掺杂前后颗粒的结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明,溶胶-凝胶法制备的Cd2+掺杂TiO2纳米颗粒主要为锐钛矿相,粒径尺寸在20nm左右,掺杂前后TiO2的尺寸和形貌没有明显变化;结构表征和光谱测试结果发现,Cd元素在TiO2纳米颗粒中部分取代TiO2晶格中的Ti元素,以Cd2+的形式存在,形成Cd—O键,使TiO2纳米颗粒的吸收带边红移,降低了TiO2的禁带宽度。并且采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理对Cd掺杂TiO2进行了能级结构的模拟计算,发现理论结果与实验结果有较好一致性。     

一步水热模板法制备Cu-TiO2异质结构纳米粒子（英文）

以聚乙二醇(PEG)为软模板剂,采用一步水热法合成了具有异质结构的铜–二氧化钛复合纳米粒子.利用X射线衍射谱(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等分别对制备材料的相组成、微观结构进行了研究.结果表明,一步水热法制备的异质纳米粒子由单一立方相铜和锐钛矿相二氧化钛组成.高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)在单一粒子中观测到清晰的铜(101)和二氧化钛(111)晶面构成的界面.该界面有助于二氧化钛光生电子–空穴对的分离.同时,所制备纳米粒子的颗粒尺寸和光吸收特性可以通过改变PEG分子链长进行微调.本研究还对水热过程的反应机理进行了讨论,结果表明:PEG与铜氨络合物通过氢键连接,其链长对于粒子尺寸的影响在于PEG对Cu颗粒的尺寸进行的调节,而此过程中二氧化钛的晶粒尺寸并无明显变化.紫外–可见吸收光谱表明该异质纳米粒子与普通二氧化钛纳米粉体相比,对可见光区光谱有较为强烈的吸收.该界面纳米材料是一种有潜在应用价值的光催化材料和太阳能电池材料.     

TiO2 nanoparticles co-doped with silver and nitrogen for antibacterial application

We have prepared a series of TiO2 nanoparticles for antibacterial applications. These TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by the hydrolysis precipitation method with Ti(OBu)4, silver nitrate and ammonia. Crystal structure, particle size, interfacial structure and UV-visible light response of the prepared nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis-DRs). The XRD spectra showed that all samples were anatase structure calcined at 450 degrees C for 3 hours. The Ag doping made the peak of diffraction wider. The results of TEM showed that the nanoparticles of TiO2, N-TiO2 and 1% Ag-N-TiO2 were all spherical in shape and well distributed with a mean size of 19.8 nm, 39.2 nm and 20.7 nm, respectively. N doping caused the nanoparticle size to increase, while, when the doped amount of Ag+ increased, the TiO2 particle size decreased. The FTIR revealed that Ag and N doping of TiO2 appeared to have strong absorption by -OH group and showed the characteristic absorption band of NH4+ and Ag. The UV-Vis-DRs indicated that the absorption band of Ag-N co-doped TiO2 had red shift and that the optical absorption response (between 400 nm and 700 nm) had obvious enhancement. The antibacterial properties of nanoparticles were investigated by agar diffusion method toward Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The results indicated that both Ag- and N-doped TiO2 could increase the antibacterial properties of TiO2 nanoparticles under fluorescent light irradiation. A 1% Ag-N-TiO2 had the highest antibacterial activity with a clear antibacterial circle of 33.0 mm toward Escherichia coli and 22.8 mm toward Bacillus subtilis after cultivation for 24 hours.     

尖晶石结构Ni掺杂ZnFe2O4纳米颗粒的性能表征

利用水热法成功合成了纯ZnFe2O4和不同含量Ni掺杂Zn1-xNixFe2O4纳米颗粒。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)、X射线能量色散分析(XEDS)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等测试技术研究掺杂浓度对Zn1-xNixFe2O4(x=0,0.1,0.3,0.5)样品的晶体结构、形貌、光学性能和磁学性能的影响。结果表明:所制备的Zn1-xNixFe2O4纳米颗粒结晶良好,Ni2+以替代Zn2+的形式掺杂到ZnFe2O4晶格中,生成立方尖晶石结构ZnFe2O4。随着Ni含量的增加,晶粒尺寸增大,晶格常数发生收缩。样品的形貌呈不规则的椭球形,且颗粒大小比较均匀。红外光谱的吸收峰位置并没有随Ni掺杂浓度的增加而变化。Zn1-xNixFe2O4纳米晶的光学带隙随Ni掺杂浓度增加而增大,与相应块体相比发生蓝移。在室温下,纯ZnFe2O4纳米晶呈现超顺磁性,掺杂样品具有明显的铁磁性。     

Characterization of the structures of size-selected TiO2 nanoparticles using X-ray absorption spectroscopy

To investigate the relationship between the size and structure of TiO(2) nanoparticles, three size-selected samples of TiO(2) nanoparticles were prepared via a hydrolysis method that uses Ti[OCH(CH(3))(2)](4) as the starting material. The structures of the nanoparticles were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Analysis of the XRD patterns and of the TEM images showed that the samples were dispersed, with an average particle size of approximately 30 nm (sample A), approximately 12 nm (sample B), and approximately 7 nm (sample C). Their X-ray absorption spectra indicate that samples A and B have an anatase structure, whereas sample C has a structure very similar to that of the TiO( 2) II phase, which generally arises only under high-pressure conditions. This difference can be attributed to size-induced radial pressure within the smaller nanoparticles, which plays an important role in the phase of TiO(2) nanoparticles in sample C.     

Effect of cobalt doping on the phase transformation of TiO2 nanoparticles

Co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles containing 0.0085, 0.017, 0.0255, 0.034, and 0.085 mol % Co(III) ion dopant were synthesized via sol-gel and dip-coating techniques. The effects of metal ion doping on the transformation of anatase to the rutile phase have been investigated. Several analytical tools, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) were used to investigate the nanoparticle structure, size distribution, and composition. Results obtained revealed that the rutile to anatase concentration ratio increases with increase of the cobalt dopant concentration and annealing temperature. The typical composition of Co-doped TiO2 was Ti(1-x)Co(x)O2, where x values ranged from 0.0085 to 0.085. The activation energy for the phase transformation from anatase to rutile was measured to be 229, 222, 211, and 195 kJ/mole for 0.0085, 0.017, 0.0255, and 0.034 mol % Co in TiO2, respectively.     

嵌段聚合物模板合成ZnS纳米粒子及其表征

以嵌段聚合物羟基化SBS（SBS-OH）为模板,乙酸锌和硫化钠为前驱物,制备了ZnS纳米粒子。采用紫外-可见吸收光谱（UV-Vis）、荧光光谱（PL）、广角X射线衍射（WAXD）及透射电子显微镜（TEM）对ZnS纳米粒子进行了表征。结果表明,SBS-OH可以在ZnS纳米粒子的生长过程中,起到较好的模板作用,随SBS-O...     

水溶性Cu∶CdTe/CdS核壳量子点的合成、表征及细胞毒性检测

采用水相法合成了Cu掺杂CdTe量子点,并用CdS壳层进行包覆,得到了Cu∶CdTe/CdS核壳结构量子点。采用荧光发射光谱(FL)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、透射电镜(TEM)以及能谱仪(EDS)等手段对CdTe量子点和Cu∶CdTe/CdS核壳量子点进行了表征。研究了不同Cu掺杂浓度、CdS壳层生长时间以及Cd/硫脲物质的量比对Cu∶CdTe掺杂量子点光学性能的影响,并采用人成骨肉瘤细胞(MG-63细胞)对样品做了细胞毒性分析。研究结果表明:通过掺杂和包壳的步骤,合成的Cu∶CdTe/CdS核壳量子点在CdTe量子点的基础上实现了荧光发射红移,荧光强度提高,以及细胞毒性降低。     

镍、硫共掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及其可见光催化性能

为提高纳米TiO2的可见光催化活性,采用沉淀-浸渍法制备了一种新型Ni和S共掺杂TiO2纳米复合光催化剂.通过紫外-可见(UV-Vis-)漫反射、X-射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X-荧光(EDX)等手段对其结晶形态、晶粒尺寸、元素掺杂量和吸光性能等进行了表征.结果显示,催化剂Ni/S/TiO2为锐钛矿晶相,平均粒径约为6～7nm,比表面积高达260.42m2/g,感光范围可拓展到可见光区,且与纯TiO2,S掺杂TiO2和Ni掺杂TiO2相比,光催化剂Ni/S/TiO2的颗粒粒径更小,比表面积更大,光吸收边红移程度更显著.以活性艳蓝198染料溶液为模拟废水,以氙光灯为光源,对光催化剂Ni/S/TiO2的催化活性进行了评价.结果表明,Ni/S/TiO2具有比纯TiO2、S掺杂TiO2和Ni掺杂TiO2更高的可见光催化活性,氙光灯照射120min,活性艳蓝198降解率可达到98.5%.