界面聚合法制备管状聚苯胺/聚苯胺包覆镍纳米复合材料及其电磁特性

采用工艺简单的界面聚合法制备了管状聚苯胺(PANi)及管状聚苯胺/聚苯胺包覆镍纳米粒子(PANi/PANi(Ni))复合材料。上层油相采用正己烷,下层水相采用稀盐酸溶液,将两相混合并添加镍纳米颗粒,在两相的界面处发生化学复合反应。通过FT-IR、XRD、TEM分析表征表明,生成了管状聚苯胺,形状均一,直径大约在100nm,并且存在着部分的结晶。聚苯胺很好地包覆了纳米镍粉,实现了管状聚苯胺及聚苯胺包覆纳米镍粉的多种物质及形态的复合,对其制备工艺及微波频段的电磁特性进行了研究。     

磺基水杨酸掺杂导电聚苯胺纳米材料的制备与性能研究

采用化学氧化法以苯胺为单体,过硫酸铵为氧化剂,磺基水杨酸为掺杂酸合成聚苯胺纳米棒导电材料。考察了单体/掺杂酸摩尔比对聚苯胺形貌与电性能的影响,采用傅里叶红外光谱,XRD粉末衍射表征聚苯胺结构;电化学工作站、四探针研究表明聚苯胺的导电性随掺杂酸/单体摩尔比的增大而增大,单体/掺杂酸摩尔比为2时电导率为1.43S/cm;SEM、TEM表明聚苯胺纳米棒表面粗糙,直径约为100～200nm,长度约为400～700nm,表面附着了1层10～30nm厚的颗粒;并提出了纳米棒可能的形成机理。     

高氯酸掺杂聚苯胺纳米纤维的合成工艺研究

采用界面聚合法合成高氯酸掺杂聚苯胺纳米纤维,设计正交实验考察高氯酸的浓度、过硫酸铵/苯胺的摩尔比、反应时间对聚苯胺的比容量、电容器的充放电效率的影响。结果表明,对于聚苯胺的比容量而言,影响最大的是过硫酸铵/苯胺的摩尔比,其次是反应时间,高氯酸浓度的影响最小。对聚苯胺电容器充放电效率而言,影响最大的是高氯酸的浓度,其次是过硫酸铵/苯胺的摩尔比,反应时间的影响最小。综合各项指标,确定最佳工艺条件为过硫酸铵/苯胺摩尔比为1.5,高氯酸浓度为0.5mol/L,反应时间为7 d。     

界面聚合法制备纳米C60/聚苯胺复合材料及其电学性能研究

依靠界面聚合法制备了C60/聚苯胺纳米复合物。透射电子显微镜表明C60/聚苯胺呈纳米纤维状;通过UV-vis光谱证实了C60和聚苯胺之间存在着π-π相互作用;四探针法测试表明C60/聚苯胺纳米复合物具有半导体电导特征,最高电导率可达3.5×10-4S/cm;热重分析表明,C60/聚苯胺复合物具有比纯聚苯胺高的热稳定性。     

界面聚合法合成有机酸掺杂聚苯胺结构与性能研究

以苯胺为单体,过硫酸铵为氧化剂,分别以乙酸、月桂酸、硬脂酸、十二烷基苯磺酸为掺杂酸,通过界面聚合法成功制备了有机酸掺杂聚苯胺,对其导电性能、溶解性能进行评价,对其化学结构、晶型结构和微观结构进行分析。结果表明:当苯胺与掺杂酸摩尔比为1∶2时电导率普遍较好,约为(1.73～2.43)×10-4S/cm;有机酸掺杂聚苯胺在极性溶剂中溶解性较好;FT-IR分析结果证明有机酸对聚苯胺进行了成功掺杂;XRD结果说明聚苯胺在2θ=6°的衍射峰受掺杂酸尺寸影响较大,且对聚苯胺的微观形貌具有显著影响。     

化学氧化法制备掺杂态聚苯胺及其表征

利用化学氧化法,以过硫酸铵为氧化剂制备了掺杂态聚苯胺,研究了温度、时间和氧化剂用量对盐酸掺杂聚苯胺产率的影响.结果表明:反应温度对聚合物的产率有明显影响,当反应温度从0℃增加到25℃左右时,产率从53%增加到66%,进一步升高温度,其产率反而会下降.随着反应时间的延长,聚苯胺的产率会增大,这说明延长反应时间可提高聚苯胺的转化率,室温下合理的反应时间约为6h.氧化剂过硫酸铵与盐酸的摩尔比为1时,反应充分,产率高.显微结构分析表明掺杂态聚苯胺呈束状,并且层叠现象比较突出.     

乙炔黑吸附聚合法制取聚苯胺的研究

研究了乙炔黑的多孔吸附性对本胺单体聚合的影响结果发现，适量的乙炔黑混入单体进行了聚合有利于聚合产率及产物电导率的提高，这种方法所获得 ＰＡＮ／Ｃ颗粒在乳浮液浇铸制膜工艺中，可避免直接掺混所导致的快炔黑，ＰＡＮ颗粒各自抱团、分散不匀的现象。     

聚苯胺纳米矩形管的制备与表征

以樟脑磺酸(CSA)为掺杂剂、过硫酸铵为氧化剂.在水溶液体系中通过苯胺原位聚合制得直径为300～600nm的聚苯胺纳米矩形管,其导电率为0.1～1S/cm.通过扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)对产物的形貌进行表征.发现n(CSA)/n(ANi)将影响产物的形貌.利用傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和紫外一可见光谱(Uv_vis)对聚苯胺分子结构进行表征,发现产物是质子化掺杂的聚苯胺.通过X射线衍射(XRD)分析发现,聚苯胺纳米矩形管比纤维结构具有更好的分子链排列规整性.     

超声辐照条件下HCl掺杂聚苯胺纳米棒的结构和性能

在超声辐照条件下,以HCl为掺杂剂、(NH4)2S2O8为氧化剂,通过溶液聚合得到了HCl掺杂聚苯胺(PA-NI)纳米棒.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、四电极电导率仪、热重分析(TGA)和电化学工作站对材料的结构与性能进行研究.研究结果表明,超声辐照条件下HCl掺杂PANI具有较高的掺杂程度和结构规整度,形成直径为50～65 nm左右的纳米棒状结构.与传统方法相比,超声辐照法所得材料的热稳定性在270～500℃有明显上升,室温电导率升至0.25 s/cm,并具有较好的电容行为和较高的电化学活性.     

聚苯胺-高岭土纳米复合材料的制备与表征

苯胺分子中的氨基-NH_2可与高岭土层间氧原子或羟基—OH形成更强氢键,发生插入反应而“溶胀“。过硫酸铵引发苯胺原位聚合,成功制备了聚苯胺—高岭土纳米复合粉体。经粒度分析、SEM、XRD和导电率测定等手段,表征了复合粉体的结构与性能。结果表明:当高岭土含量达50wt.%时,复合材料的体积电导率为:0.253 S/cm。表观粒度与高岭土相比有较大幅度的提高,但分布变窄。由于层状高岭土的诱导作用,使聚苯胺的结晶度提高,聚苯胺与高岭土之间不是简单的混合,存在氢键相互作用。高岭土层间受限环境和聚苯胺与高岭土之间的氢键自组装,高岭土层间羟基—OH对聚苯胺有质子掺杂作用,使聚苯胺的结构与性能发生了变化。     

溶液法合成氨基磺酸掺杂聚苯胺的研究

以氨基磺酸为掺杂酸，过硫酸铵为引发剂，采用溶液聚合方法制备了氨基磺酸掺杂的聚苯胺。探讨了氨基磺酸、过硫酸铵用量，反应时间对固体产物压片电阻和在有机溶剂中的溶解度以及溶液的电导率的影响。结果表明，当n（苯胺）：n（氨基磺酸）：n（APS）-1：14．4：0．75，反应时间为6h时，固体产物的压片电阻最小为65Q。用傅立叶红外光谱对所制备产物进行了表征。     

Preparation and characterization of doped polyaniline films

Stable monolayer of the polyaniline doped with camphor sulfonic acid at the air-water interface has been obtained, of which multilayers have been successfully deposited by Langmuir–Blodgett technique onto CaF₂ substrate. The limiting mean molecular area and collapse pressure are found to be 0.294 nm² and 41 mN/m, respectively. The multilayers were characterized by IR and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopies. X-ray small-angle diffraction data show that the multilayer was periodic layer structure with the layer spacing of 1.60 nm. The comparisons are also made with characterization of the casting film.     

复合酸掺杂聚苯胺电极膜的制备及其电化学性能的研究

采用了恒电压法在不同的电解液中分别制备出硫酸(H2SO4)和复合酸(SSA+H2SO4)掺杂的聚苯胺(PAn)电极膜.通过循环伏安法(CV)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和塔菲尔曲线(TAF),对H2SO4和复合酸掺杂聚苯胺电极膜的电化学稳定性、导电性以及耐腐蚀性进行了研究与表征.结果表明,复合酸掺杂的PAn电极膜具有较好的电化学稳定性、导电性以及较强的耐腐蚀性,更能满足实际应用的要求.     

Synthesis and characterization of HCl doped polyaniline grafted multi-walled carbon nanotubes core-shell nano-composite

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) was modified with p-phenylenediamine (p-PDA) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) doped polyaniline (PANI) grafted MWNTs nano-composite was synthesized by in situ oxidation polymerization. Raman spectra, XPS, TEM and XRD reveal that modification does not decrease the integrity of outer graphite sheets in p-PDA modified MWNTs (p-MWNTs) excessively and results in phenylamine groups with concentration of 3.7% covalently grafted on the surface of p-MWNTs via amide bond. Oxidized phenylamine groups initiate polymerization and contribute to the formation of inner layer of PANI coatings. As self-assembly templates, p-MWNTs are encapsulated by PANI forming a homogeneous core (p-MWNTs)-shell (HCl doped PANI) nano-structure with controlled organization. In earlier reaction period, polymer chains are highly ordered and microcrystalline domains are enriched in the inner PANI layers. When deposition of PANI chains under less restriction, more amorphous parts are distributed in the outer layers of PANI coatings. TGA and conductivity data reveal that although chemical modification affects the performance of p-MWNTs, thermal stability and electronic conductivity at room temperature of HCl doped PANI grafted MWNTs nano-composite are highly improved owing to incorporation of p-MWNTs and covalent bindings between PANI and carbon nanotubes.     

Synthesis and characterization of externally doped sulfonated polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites

Composites of carbon nanotubes with attached carboxylic groups (c-MWCNTs) and water-soluble externally doped sulfonated polyaniline (ED-SPANI) were prepared by solution mixing of c-MWCNT and ED-SPANI aqueous colloids. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectroscopy, field-emission scanning and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize their structure and morphology. Raman and UV–Vis spectra revealed the presence of electrostatic interaction between the C–N⁺ species of the ED-SPANI and the COO⁻ species of the c-MWCNTs. The addition of c-MWCNT to ED-SPANI can improve its thermal stability. The conductivity of 3 wt.% ED-SPANI/c-MWCNT composites at room temperature is sixteen times higher than that of ED-SPANI. These results demonstrate that the addition of a small number of c-MWCNTs to an ED-SPANI matrix can form a conducting network in well dispersed composites, thus increasing their electrical conductivity.     

Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of chloride doped polyaniline

Chloride doped polyaniline conducting polymer films have been prepared in a protic acid medium (HCl) by potentiodynamic method in an electrochemical cell and studied by cyclic voltammetry and FTIR techniques. The FTIR spectra confirmed Cl^- ion doping in the polymers. The polymerization rate was found to increase with increasing concentration of aniline monomer. But the films obtained at high monomer concentration were rough having a nonuniform flaky polyaniline distribution. Results showed that the polymerization rate did not increase beyond a critical HCl concentration. Cyclic voltammetry suggested that, the oxidation-reduction current increased with an increase in scan rate and that the undoped polyaniline films were not hygroscopic whereas chloride doped polyaniline films were found to be highly hygroscopic.     

酞菁铜羧酸掺杂聚苯胺薄膜制备表征及光电性研究

成功制备了酞菁铜羧酸掺杂聚苯胺(PANI)薄膜.红外光谱测试结果说明酞菁铜羧酸的羧基和聚苯胺的氨基发生了酸碱中和反应,即成功的对聚苯胺进行了掺杂.紫外可见光谱说明酞菁铜羧酸掺杂后PANI在紫外区有强吸收峰,在可见光区吸收变宽.光电性能测试结果表明掺杂后酞菁铜使聚苯胺对光的敏感性增强,更容易受光子的激发,因而具有更优越的光电性.     

ITO纳米棒的制备及其表征

利用化学共沉淀法,在InCl3和SnCl4混和溶液中添加PEG-1000,并滴加浓度为25%氨水,制备了ITO前驱体,在温度700℃煅烧3h后得到ITO纳米棒.利用SEM、XRD、TEM-EDS和傅立叶-红外光谱仪分别对ITO纳米棒的形貌和尺寸、结构和物相、EDS能谱和FT-IR光谱分析,并对ITO纳米棒形貌形成机理进行了探讨分析.研究结果表明,ITO纳米棒具有立方铁锰矿结构,且具有纯度高和分散性好等特点,平均直径约为φ300nm,长度可迭3000nm,长径比约达10.随着煅烧时间的延长,ITO纳米棒形貌不变,对尺寸影响不大.     

GaN纳米棒的合成与表征

利用化学气相沉淀法（CVD）以Ga2O3和NH3为原料在沉积有乙酸镍的硅衬底上合成出了GaN纳米棒,纳米棒直径在50-200nm，长度在2-10μm，表面比较光滑,利用场发射扫描电镜（FESEM），X射线衍射仪（XRD），能量散射谱（EDS）对样品进行了成分和结构分析，表明GaN纳米棒是单晶的纤锌矿结构，同时对其生长机理进行了探讨。