Parametrically controlled chaotization of oscillations of coupled van der pol generators

Systems of van der Pol generators with capacitive and resistive coupling are considered. New mathematical models that allow excitation of chaotic oscillations by means of the algorithm of parametric chaotization in systems containing two generators are presented. Results of numerical analysis of chaotic operation modes are presented. Modification of chaotic effects in a coupled system is studied for the cases when coupling is asymmetric and a delay is introduced into the parametric-chaotization algorithm.     

基于改进互耦系数估计算法的自适应波束形成

阵列信号在实际应用中,常常会面临噪声的干扰,低信噪比(signal noise ratio, SNR)时波束形成器性能会急剧下降.针对该问题,提出一种基于改进互耦系数估计的抗互耦算法的自适应波束形成,即研究信号在不同输入SNR以及不同干扰波达方向(direction of arrival,DOA)估计误差下的互耦系数估计误差;并通过误差分析修正原算法不同SNR下参与估计信号的数目.改进算法改进了导向矢量和期望信号,提高了低SNR下互耦系数估计的准确度,对比分析验证了其在低SNR情况下有更强的抗干扰能力,对互耦现象有着更好的稳健性.     

低电压SRAM测试电路设计与实现

本文基于SMIC 40nm LL CMOS工艺对一款256Kb的低电压8T SRAM芯片进行测试电路设计与实现,重点研究低电压SRAM的故障模型和测试算法,并完成仿真验证与分析。电路主要包括DFT电路和内建自测试电路两部分,前者针对稳定性故障有着良好的覆盖率,后者在传统March C+算法基础上,提出了一种新的测试算法,March-Like算法,该算法能够实现更高的故障覆盖率。仿真结果表明,本文设计的DFT电路能够减小稳定性故障的最小可检测电阻,提高了稳定性故障的测试灵敏度;March-Like算法可以检测到低电压SRAM阵列中的写破坏耦合故障、读破坏耦合故障和写干扰故障。     

两均匀阵型在互耦影响下MUSIC算法的性能分析

阵列互耦会影响MUSIC算法的测向性能,为此通过利用均匀线阵和均匀圆阵互耦矩阵的特殊结构,给出了两种均匀阵型在互耦影响下的MUSIC算法方位估计均方误差的表达式。虽然文中给出的两种一阶分析方法的思想分别来源于文献[4]和[5],但是这里考虑到了两种均匀阵型互耦矩阵的特殊性质,并从不同的角度分析了互耦扰动对两种均匀阵型的影响。此外,文中的结论还表明,在该文阵列误差模型的条件下,两种一阶分析方法可以得到相同的均方误差的表达式。最后,仿真实验验证了测量值与理论值具有较好的一致性。     

斜视SAR原始回波数据频域模拟快速算法

针对合成孔径雷达斜视模式下,传统的二位频域快速算法难以精确模拟出斜视SAR距离徙动及空变特性的问题,提出一种高效的斜视SAR回波原始数据二维频域快速算法,该算法通过去走动处理将多普勒中心搬移到零多普勒处,重新推导了去走动后的系统传递函数,在距离频域-方位时域上模拟了距离走动和回波的空变特性,并保证了回波数据的准确性。通过仿真分析表明,本算法在保证斜视SAR回波数据的模拟精度的基础上,计算效率远高于时域算法以及沿距离向积分算法。     

基于MUSIC迭代法的互耦误差校正

针对阵元之间存在互耦误差,阵列流型会出现一定程度的偏差和扰动的问题,提出了基于MUSIC(MUlti-ple SIgnal Classification)迭代法的互耦误差自校正算法及在互耦误差条件下的DOA(Direction of Arrival)估计算法。利用MUSIC迭代法对波达方向和互耦误差同时进行估计。该算法能够在互耦误差存在的情况下,有效地估计出波达方向和互耦矩阵,仿真实验证明了该算法的有效性。     

On the Resiliency of MUSIC Direction Finding Against Antenna Sensor Coupling

Many classical direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithms suffer from sensitivity to sensor coupling. By applying a group of auxiliary sensors in a uniform linear array (ULA), we prove the resiliency of the MUSIC direction finding algorithm against array sensor coupling. We show that the performance of MUSIC algorithm under antenna array with unknown coupling can be very close to the case with known coupling. We can also estimate the mutual coupling coefficients before refining the DOA estimates by utilizing an extended sensor array. Moreover, our analysis on the effect of mutual coupling in direction finding illustrates the existence of some blind angles which should be avoided when the array is designed. Our simulation results corroborate our analysis.     

Fast transient analysis of incident field coupling to multiconductor transmission lines

Due to the rapid surge in operating frequencies and complexity of modern electronic designs, accurate/fast electromagnetic compatibility/interference analysis is becoming mandatory. This paper presents a closed-form SPICE macromodel for fast transient analysis of lossy multiconductor transmission lines in the presence of incident electromagnetic fields. In the proposed algorithm, the equivalent sources due to incident field coupling have been formulated so as to take an advantage of the recently developed delay extraction based passive transmission line macromodels. Also, a method to incorporate frequency-dependent per-unit-length parameters is presented. The time-domain macromodel is in the form of ordinary differential equations and can be easily included in SPICE like simulators for transient analysis. The proposed algorithm while guaranteeing the stability of the simulation by employing passive transmission line macromodel, provides significant speed-up for the incident field coupling analysis of multiconductor transmission line networks, especially with large delay and low losses.     

互耦效应下用单快拍数据实现相干信源完全解相干和解耦合

阵元间存在互耦时,会对阵列流型产生扰动,同时当空间来波存在相干信源时,协方差矩阵会产生秩亏,这两类问题都会使子空间类估计算法性能急剧下降甚至失效。针对互耦效应下的解相干问题,该文提出了一种仅利用阵列单快拍即可实现完全解相干和解互耦算法互耦效应下的修正单次快拍算法(MC-ENDTOP)。该方法将原单快拍算法应用背景推广至任意形式来波信号,利用一次快拍构造等效接收数据协方差矩阵,通过数据分解,将互耦系数从阵列流型矩阵中剥离,从而实现了完全解互耦,并将其归入分解后的等效信号协方差矩阵中,由于等效信号协方差矩阵为对角阵,且对角元素与信号相关性无关,因此进一步实现了完全解相干。仿真验证了该文算法能够抑制互耦影响,估计性能和无互耦时相当,且适用于实时性要求高的场合。     

Fast EMI Analysis via Transverse Partitioning and Waveform Relaxation

High-speed interconnects are increasingly becoming susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Hence, there is a growing need for fast simulation of interconnect lines in the presence of incident field coupling using circuit simulators such as SPICE. However, the presence of a large number of coupled lines in modern interconnect structures is a serious limiting factor in these simulations. In order to simultaneously address these difficulties, a new algorithm is presented in this paper for EMI analysis of large number of coupled interconnects. The new method exploits the recently developed waveform relaxation (WR) and transverse partitioning algorithms for fast EMI analysis. The same WR sources that are computed for multiconductor transmission line analysis are also employed for EMI analysis. The computational complexity of the proposed EMI analysis grows only linearly with the number of lines. In addition, the algorithm lends itself to parallel implementation leading to further reduction in CPU time.      

Performance of adaptive array antenna with arbitrary geometry in the presence of mutual coupling

The effect of the mutual coupling between the array elements on the performance of the adaptive array antennas (AAA) is investigated when the actual received voltages which include the mutual coupling are directly used to estimate the weight vector based on the adaptive algorithm. The output signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SINR), the convergence of the adaptive algorithm and the synthesized pattern are evaluated to study the effect due to the existence of the mutual coupling. It is found that the mutual coupling affects the antenna adaptive gain, but does not affect the adaptive processing. It is also found that the mutual coupling does not always degrade the iterative convergence of the adaptive algorithm. It is proved that any invertible matrix for compensating the mutual coupling cannot improve the output SINR. It is also indicated that the radiation pattern can be correctly synthesized in the presence of the mutual coupling by introducing the universal steering vector (USV) whose element corresponds to the array element pattern.     

Novel algorithm for synthesis of fiber gratings

A novel algorithm for the synthesis of fiber gratings is presented.For the first time we propose an effective optimal approach to construct a coupling coefficient function by employing 4th-order Runge-Kutta (R-K) analysis method for calculating the reflection spectra of fiber gratings.The numerical results show that with this proposed method, some required optical filters have been yielded with better features compared with other methods such as Gel'Fand-Levitan-Marchenko (GLM) algorithm.In addition, the performance of different interpolation functions particularly utilized in our algorithm, including linear-type, spline-type, and Hermit-type, are discussed in detail.     

An efficient algorithm for the calculation of parasitic couplingbetween lines in MIC's

A new algorithm is developed to calculate parasitic coupling between transmission lines in an efficient manner. The algorithm works by using the currents and voltages on the lines in the absence of parasitics to calculate independent voltage and current sources which then give the approximate coupling strength between the various lines. These sources are easy to place in a CAD circuit program. The algorithm is demonstrated on a double-stub filter structure. The observed splitting of the resonance, for this particular example, is modeled by using dependent sources, as calculated from the independent sources     

互耦自由度未知柱面共形阵列多参数联合估计

在互耦自由度未知条件下给出了柱面共形阵列多参数联合估计算法。针对柱面共形阵列中多参数相互耦合的难题,首先通过阵列结构设计,利用柱面共形载体单曲率特点,构建ESPRIT子阵,基于一维搜索与ESPRIT算法,实现了互耦自由度和信源俯仰角的估计;在此基础上,结合秩损理论和互耦矩阵的Toeplitz性质,估计出信源的方位角,并对可能出现的方位角模糊进行了分析,给出解模糊方法;最后利用时域ESPRIT算法,完成了极化状态和互耦系数的联合估计。该算法不需要任何互耦和极化的先验信息,也无需参数配对,估计精度高、分辨力强。计算机Monte-Carlo仿真验证了所提算法的有效性。     

Effect of Number of Coupled Structures on the Segmentation of Brain Structures

This paper reports the effect of the coupling information on the performance of model-based segmentation of the brain structures from magnetic resonance images (MRI). We have developed a three-dimensional, nonparametric, entropy-based, and multi-shape method that benefits from coupling of the shapes. The proposed method uses principal component analysis (PCA) to develop shape models that capture structural variability and integrates geometrical relationship among different structures into the algorithm by coupling them (limiting their independent deformations). At the same time, to allow variations of the coupled structures, it registers each structure individually when building the shape models. It defines an entropy-based energy function which is minimized using quasi-Newton algorithm. Probability density functions (pdf) are estimated iteratively using nonparametric Parzen window method. In the optimization algorithm, analytical derivatives are used for maximum speed and accuracy. Sample results are given for the segmentation of caudate, thalamus, putamen, pallidum, hippocampus, and amygdala illustrating superior performance of the proposed method compared to the most similar method in the literature. The similarity of the results obtained by the proposed method with the expert segmentation is 4% to 12% higher than that of the most similar method. Experimental studies show that the proposed coupling method, which regulates shape variability during segmentation, improves accuracy of the results of the proposed method by 6% and those of the other method by 1%. In addition, the more the structures are used in the coupling process, the more accurate the results are obtained.     

Controlled chaos in a system of van der Pol generators with a capacitive coupling

A mathematical model of a self-oscillating system with chaotic dynamics is presented. The model is based on coupled van der Pol generators with a capacitive coupling. The system’s chaotic behavior is ensured by a sufficiently simple algorithm of an additional feedback that involves nonlinear conditions for switching the oscillations and equations for filtering devices. Results of the numerical analysis of a two-generator system are presented. As the oscillations became chaotic, the motion is shown to switch between two complementary domains of attraction that emerge owing to the algorithm of the chaotizing feedback. The influence of an external harmonic signal is considered.     

波达方向估计的一种互耦修正方法

阵列天线中互耦的存在,严重影响了天线的性能。基于分析天线阵列模型中阵元间的相互关联的特征的方法,构造互耦矩阵C,用C矩阵来修正波达方向估算中的互耦,并在MUSIC算法中实现。理论分析与计算仿真均表明该算法切实可行,有效并易于实现。     

A quasi-TEM design method for 3 dB hybrid couplers using asemi-reentrant coupling section

An effective quasi-TEM design method for 3-db hybrid couplers using a semi-reentrant coupling section is presented. The analysis is based on the use of the rectangular boundary division method for solving the boundary value problem, including thick-strip conductors in an inhomogeneous medium. A trial design of a microstrip 3-dB coupler using substrates of low dielectric constant has been carried out by adding a sequential optimisation algorithm to the analysis method. Measured parameters of the designed 3-dB hybrid coupler are compared with the theoretical ones