动态过程钢坯高温抗氧化涂料的研究

针对红热动态钢坯研制了一种高温抗氧化涂料,对涂料在动态钢坯基体上的高温抗氧化性能、高温防脱碳性能等进行了研究.结果表明涂料能有效降低钢坯在1 300℃以下的氧化烧损,减缓钢坯表层的元素贫化和脱碳,同时,还探索了高温下涂层的抗氧化机理,分析了涂层应用过程中的高温气膜作用、熔融屏蔽组分作用和层状功能组分作用.     

普通石墨材料用Al2O3涂层抗氧化性能研究

为了减少石墨材料的高温氧化消耗,以普通石墨电极为例,设计并制备了氧化铝抗氧化涂层。采用氧化失重分析法对有涂层和无涂层石墨电极进行了对比研究,发现有涂层石墨电极的氧化失重率明显低于无涂层石墨电极。同时采用扫描电镜对涂层的形貌进行观察。研究结果表明：自行研制的氧化铝涂层具有很好的高温抗氧化性能。     

莫来石结合碳化硅高温吸热陶瓷抗氧化性能的研究

以碳化硅及合成莫来石微粉为主要原料,制备了用于非真空太阳能吸热管的莫来石结合碳化硅高温陶瓷涂层。针对碳化硅基材料高温氧化问题,测定了样品的烧成增重率及亮度并结合XRD、SEM研究了莫来石结合碳化硅陶瓷的抗氧化性能。结果表明,莫来石添加量为20%,经1 380℃烧成样品的抗氧化性最好,其增重率为7.49%,亮度值为46.61。XRD分析烧结体主晶相为碳化硅(α-SiC)和莫来石(3Al2O3.2SiO2),并含有少量的方石英(SiO2),莫来石作为结合相在碳化硅晶粒周围形成"骨架",与SiO2玻璃相形成三围的网状保护层包裹在碳化硅表面,阻止碳化硅氧化。     

C/C复合材料SiC-MoSi2-WSi2抗氧化涂层的制备及性能研究

为提高C/C复合材料的高温抗氧化性能,以聚碳硅烷(PCS)浸渍裂解法和Si,Mo,W粉浆料刷涂反应法在C/C复合材料表面制备SiC-MoSi2-WSi2复合涂层,借助X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜等分析手段,对涂层的微观形貌、组织结构及物相进行分析研究,优化涂层制备工艺,考察了涂层的高温抗氧化性能,分析了抗氧化机理.制备的SiC-MoSi2-WSi2复合涂层厚度200 μm左右,主要由SiC,MoSi2,WSi2构成.1500℃氧化试验结果表明复合涂层的静态氧化失重率较SiC单层涂层降低50％以上,较大地改善了C/C复合材料的抗氧化性能.     

C/SiC复合材料表面化学气相沉积涂覆SiC涂层及其抗氧化性能

采用化学气相沉积法,在1 100 ℃,在碳纤维增强碳化硅复合材料表面制备SiC涂层,研究了涂层连续沉积和分4次沉积(每次沉积时间为6 h)所制备的SiC涂层的微观结构和涂层样品的氧化性能.结果表明:两种SiC涂层的厚度均约为40 μm,且4次沉积制备的SiC涂层为一个连续的整体.涂层连续沉积时,表面只出现裸露裂纹;分4次沉积制备时,表面出现大量边缘有SiC生长锥的附着裂纹,附着裂纹在高温氧化时易发生自愈合.与连续涂层样品相比,4次涂层能显著提高C/SiC样品的抗氧化性能.4次涂层样品经1 400 ℃,50 h氧化后,质量损失为0.88%,质量损失速率稳定在6.30 × 10-5 g/(cm2?h),且4次涂层样品具有优异的抗热震性能.     

固体氧化物燃料电池金属连接极涂层材料YCo0.6Mn0.4O3的性能

通过丝网印刷法在SS410合金上涂覆YCo0.6Mn0.4O3抗氧化涂层材料,采用氧化增重法、SEM-EDX、四探针法分别对SS410合金及其涂覆抗氧化涂层后的高温氧化速率、微观形貌和面积比电阻进行了表征. 结果表明,通过丝网印刷法在合金表面涂覆连续致密的陶瓷涂层材料,YCo0.6Mn0.4O3涂层在循环氧化过程中与基底结合牢固,没有出现剥离脱落. 涂覆YCo0.6Mn0.4O3涂层后,在800℃下SS410合金的氧化速率降低1个数量级,在800℃氧化150 h合金的面积比电阻由未涂层的72 mW×cm2降到了16 mW×cm2,大幅度地提高了合金的高温抗氧化性能及电导性能.     

FeCrAl合金表面高温抗氧化陶瓷涂层的制备

用粘结料与Cr2O3制成料浆,用喷涂涂覆于FeCrAl合金表面,在空气中1 300℃熔烧制备了耐高温（1 200℃）抗氧化陶瓷涂层.用扫描电子显微镜,电子探针显微分析仪,X射线衍射仪,热膨胀仪等测试手段对涂层以及涂层与基体界面处进行表征.探讨了陶瓷涂层样品高温抗氧化性能的机理,获得了具有良好高温抗氧化性能的陶瓷涂层配方,其粘结料与Cr2O3的质量比为1;0.5.结果表明：在空气中1 200℃,360 h抗氧化实验后,这种涂层样品的氧化质量增加约为基体合金的1/22.揭示了涂层高温抗氧化性能与涂层的组成、显微结构之间的关系.     

射频法涂层碳纤维的高温氧化性

国内外为提高碳纤维的高温氧化性，采用化学气相沉积法在碳纤维表面涂覆抗氧化涂层技术已广泛应用。本文采用低温射频法对碳纤维涂覆碳化硅涂层，并对涂层碳纤维进行800℃高温抗氧化性研究。热重分析发现，此种涂层碳纤维具有一定的抗氧化性，其氧化失重与时间和温度呈现抛物线规律变化。利用电子探针及透射电镜研究发现，涂层的表面致密化程度和界面结合情况是影响其抗氧化性的关键因素。     

水热温度对SiC-C/C复合材料表面水热电泳沉积SiCn-MoSi2复合抗氧化涂层的影响

采用水热电泳沉积法在SiC–C/C复合材料表面制备了纳米碳化硅和二硅化钼的复相(SiCn–MoSi2)抗氧化涂层。采用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜等对制备涂层的晶相组成、表面及断面微观结构进行了表征。研究了水热温度对制备涂层的结构及高温抗氧化性能的影响,分析了涂层在1 600℃静态氧化行为及失效机理。结果表明:外涂层主要由MoSi2和β-SiC晶相组成。复相外涂层的致密程度、厚度及抗氧化性能随着水热温度的升高而提高。SiCn–MoSi2/SiC复合涂层具有较好的抗氧化和抗热震能力,在1 600℃氧化80 h后氧化质量损失为3.6×10–3 g/cm2。复合涂层在1 600℃的氧化失效主要是由于经过长时间氧化后SiO2玻璃膜层不能及时有效填补涂层中的缺陷,涂层中出现贯穿性的裂纹和孔洞导致的。     

水热温度对SiC–C/C复合材料表面水热电泳沉积SiCn–MoSi2复合抗氧化涂层的影响

采用水热电泳沉积法在SiC–C/C复合材料表面制备了纳米碳化硅和二硅化钼的复相(SiCn–MoSi2)抗氧化涂层。采用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜等对制备涂层的晶相组成、表面及断面微观结构进行了表征。研究了水热温度对制备涂层的结构及高温抗氧化性能的影响,分析了涂层在1 600℃静态氧化行为及失效机理。结果表明:外涂层主要由MoSi2和β-SiC晶相组成。复相外涂层的致密程度、厚度及抗氧化性能随着水热温度的升高而提高。SiCn–MoSi2/SiC复合涂层具有较好的抗氧化和抗热震能力,在1 600℃氧化80 h后氧化质量损失为3.6×10–3 g/cm2。复合涂层在1 600℃的氧化失效主要是由于经过长时间氧化后SiO2玻璃膜层不能及时有效填补涂层中的缺陷,涂层中出现贯穿性的裂纹和孔洞导致的。     

Influence of silicon-containing compounds on the heat resistance of composites based on titanium boride

The reaction formation of composite materials and coatings based on titanium boride, silicon dioxide, and silicon carbide upon heat treatment of mixtures composed of initial components in air has been investigated. It is shown that the glass melt formed in the course of the chemical reaction encapsulates titanium boride and silicon carbide particles, thus imparting the high-temperature strength to the composite material. The influence of the composition, temperature, and heating conditions on the kinetics of oxidation of samples in the form of cast pieces and graphite with coatings during their heat treatment at temperatures of 1000–1300°C is studied using thermogravimetric, differential thermal, and X-ray powder diffraction analyses. The electrical resistivity of the synthesized samples is determined and its dependence on temperature is established. The compositions of coatings that ensure the effective protection of graphite from oxidation in air at high temperatures are proposed from analyzing the results of the performed investigation.     

Oxidation behavior and protection of carbon/carbon composites

The oxidation behavior of C/C composite sheet materials in air has been studied over a wide range of temperature. Gasification was detectable at around 500°C and above about 900°C, under the flow conditions used in the experiments, the overall rates of gasification were controlled by gas phase diffusion. The presence of catalysts reduced the temperature for the onset of gasification but had no effect on the kinetics in the diffusion-controlled region. Borate-based coatings containing refractory particulates and silicon carbide coatings sealed with borates have been found capable of protecting C/C composites against air oxidation for extended periods to temperatures of at least 1200°C.     

Oxidation Kinetics of Silicon Carbide Crystals and Ceramics: I, In Dry Oxygen

The oxidation kinetics of several single-crystal and polvcrystalline silicon carbide materials and single-crystal silicon in dry oxygen over the temperature range 1200° to 1500°C were fitted to the linear-parabolic model of Deal and Grove. The lower oxidation rates of silicon carbide compared to silicon can be rationalized by additional consumption of oxidant in oxidizing carbon to carbon dioxide. The (000J) Si face of the silicon carbide platelets exhibited lower parabolic oxidation rates than the (0001) C face, by a factor of 10 at 1200°C. Apparent activation energies increased from a value of ∼120 kJ/mol below 1400°C to a value of ∼300 kJ/mol above this temperature. The (0001) Si face exhibited this high activation energy over the entire temperature range. The controlled nucleation thermally deposited material exhibited the highest oxidation rates of the polycrystalline materials followed by the hot-pressed and sintered α-silicon carbides. In general, the oxidation rates of the polycrystalline materials were bracketed by the oxidation rates of the basal planes of the single-crystal materials. Higher impurity concentrations and higher density of nucleation sites led to a greater susceptibility to crystallization of the scale which significantly complicated the oxidation behaviors observed. When crystallization of the oxide scale occurred in the form of a layer of spherulitic cristobalite crystals, a retardation of the oxidation rates was observed. An accelerated oxidation behavior was found when this coherent layer was superseded by the formation of fine mullite crystals.     

碳化硅基材表面涂层方法综述

碳化硅基陶瓷是应用于高温工作环境下的理想材料，但其高温氧化影响了它的进一步应用。本文简要叙述了碳化硅材料的氧化机理，重点总结了在其表面涂层的各种方法。同时也对目前所做工作的不足提出了见解。     

镍-钨-碳化硅非晶复合刷镀工艺的研究

为进一步提高非晶态镍－钨合金镀层的硬度,耐磨和耐蚀性能,在镍－钨刷镀液中加入适量碳化硅微粒,共沉积制得含碳化硅26．0－21．3％（质量分数）的非晶态镍－钨－碳化硅复合镀层。利用X射线衍射技术分析了所得镍－钨－碳化硅镀层的结构,研究了镀层中碳化硅含量,热处理温度复合镀层硬度,耐磨性和抗高温氧化性的影响。结果表明：碳化硅的弥散强化作用和热处理能显著提高复合镀层的硬度,耐磨性和抗高温氧化性。     

Sialon结合SiC耐火材料的化学稳定性

采用高岭土、炭黑为主要结合相原料,合成了Sialon结合SiC耐火材料。考察了Sialon结合SiC耐火材料的氧化行为、高温碱侵蚀行为和冰晶石熔体的侵蚀行为。结果显示,合成Sialon结合SiC耐火材料具有高的机械强度和化学稳定性。     

碳化硅陶瓷固相烧结的烧结机理及研究进展简

碳化硅陶瓷材料具有高硬度、高强度、抗氧化、耐高温、高热导率、低线胀系数等优良性能,同时具有优良的化学稳定性且能够耐大多数种类的酸碱溶液腐蚀,在石油、化工、建材、航空、机械等诸多领域得到了广泛应用。本文主要阐述了碳化硅陶瓷固相烧结的烧结机理,并对目前国内外关于碳化硅陶瓷固相烧结的研究进展进行了阐述。     

High-temperature mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composites with multi-layer environmental barrier coatings for turbine applications

Continuous silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide (SiC_f/SiC) ceramic matrix composites are considered promising materials as high-temperature components of advanced aero-engines. However, due to their susceptibility to oxidation and corrosion at high temperature, environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) must be applied on the surface of SiC_f/SiC. In this study, Si/Y₂SiO₅/LaMgAl₁₁O₁₉ (LMA) multi-layer EBCs were fabricated to protect SiC_f/SiC by using atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). The high-temperature tensile fatigue performance of SiC_f/SiC with and without EBCs was evaluated. The results indicated that EBCs significantly improved the tensile fatigue properties of SiC_f/SiC at high temperature in air atmosphere. Meanwhile the bending strength of specimens after isothermal aging or not was also tested. The multi-layer EBCs in this study may be a promising EBCs system for SiC_f/SiC after some improvements.     

Oxidation Protection Coatings for C/SiC based on Yttrium Silicate

The factor which currently precludes the use of carbon fibre reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) in high temperature structural applications such as gas turbine engines is the oxidation of carbon fibres at temperatures greater than 400°C. It is, therefore, necessary to develop coatings capable of protecting C/SiC components from oxidation for extended periods at 1600°C. Conventional coatings consist of multilayers of different materials designed to seal cracks by forming glassy phases on exposure to oxygen. The objective of this work was to develop a coating which was inherently crack resistant and would, therefore, not require expensive sealing layers. Yttrium silicate has been shown to possess the required properties for use in oxidation protection coatings. These requirements can be summarised as being low Young’s modulus, low thermal expansion coefficient, good erosion resistance, and low oxygen permeability. The development of protective coatings based on a SiC bonding layer combined with an outer yttrium silicate erosion resistant layer and oxygen barrier is described. Thermodynamic computer calculations and finite element analysis have been used to design the coating. C/SiC samples have been coated using a combination of chemical vapour deposition and slip casting. The behaviour against oxidation of the coating has been evaluated.     

Nanostructured mullite steam oxidation resistant coatings for silicon carbide deposited via atomic layer deposition

Oxidation resistant, thin, pinhole‐free, crystalline mullite coatings were deposited on zirconia and silicon carbide particles using atomic layer deposition (ALD). The composition of the films was confirmed with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP OES), and the conformality and elemental dispersion of the films were characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. The films are deposited on the particle surface with a deposition rate of ~1 Å/cycle. The elemental concentration of aluminum relative to silicon in the film was determined to be 2.68:1 which agrees closely with the ratio of stable 3:2 mullite (2.88:1). A high‐temperature anneal for 5 hours at 1500°C was used to crystallize the films into the mullite phase. This work represents the first deposition of mullite films by ALD. The mullite and alumina‐coated particles were exposed to high‐temperature steam for 20 hours at 1000°C to assess the oxidation resistance of the films, which reduced the oxidation of silicon carbide by up to 62% relative to uncoated particles under these conditions. The activation energy of oxygen diffusion in the films was determined with density functional theory, and the computational results aligned well with the experimental outcomes.