保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环的光学游标效应及温度传感器

为了实现高灵敏度的温度传感,通过在基于保偏光纤Sagnac干涉仪的Sagnac环内增加一段保偏光纤,控制两段保偏光纤快轴熔接角度接近45°,设计并制造了保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环结构。在理论上通过Jones矩阵推导了保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环的干涉谱公式,基于仿真分析研究了主要参数对保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环输出特性的影响。仿真结果表明,保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环实现了光学游标效应,两段保偏光纤的平均长度、两段保偏光纤的长度差分别影响保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环输出干涉谱的波长间隔和包络周期;在实验中,将保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环应用在光纤温度传感器中。实验结果表明,在2cm的感温区域,保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环温度传感器的灵敏度就达到了-2.44nm/℃,是普通Sagnac干涉环温度传感器(-0.163nm/℃)的14.97倍。     

SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENT OF STRAIN AND TEMPERATURE WITH POLARIZATION MAINTAINING FIBER BRAGG GRATING LOOP MIRROR

□ A novel simultaneous method of strain and temperature measurement based on a polarization maintaining fiber Bragg grating loop mirror is proposed and demonstrated. The sensing head was composed of a fiber loop mirror and a section of fiber Bragg grating made of a polarization maintaining fiber. The Bragg wavelengths of the fiber grating in the polarization maintaining fiber were along slow and fast axis showing different sensitivities to strain and temperature with the interferometric peak wavelength of the fiber loop mirror. By monitoring the shifts of the Bragg wavelength and interferometric peak of the fiber loop mirror, with its temperature sensitivity of 0.1167 nm/°C and strain sensitivity of 0.0093 nm/μ?, a temperature measurement resolution about 0.009°C and a strain measurement resolution of 1.08 μ? was achieved theoretically and experimentally.     

基于多通道联合稀疏重建的全极化SAR成像

全极化合成孔径雷达(SAR)可对不同极化通道分别独立进行压缩感知(CS)稀疏重建来增强成像性能,但分别独立处理没有利用极化信息的冗余性与互补性,有可能破坏极化信息的完整性。依据雷达目标在全极化下的散射特性构建联合稀疏度量函数,将全极化SAR高分辨成像转化为多通道联合稀疏约束的最优化重建问题,并用改进的正交匹配追踪算法进行求解。由于有效利用全极化信息,多通道联合CS成像相比于单通道CS成像能够获得更好的成像质量,还能全面准确反映目标全极化散射特性。通过对Backhoe挖掘机电磁仿真数据的处理,验证了算法的有效性,并且在微波暗室搭建了全极化SAR半实物仿真系统,利用其获取的全极化实测数据进一步验证了该方法的工程可行性。     

基于光纤环镜的光纤光栅传感解调系统

提出了一种新型的基于保偏光纤环镜的光纤布拉格光栅传感器解调方案。建立了理论分析模型,研究了保偏光纤环镜结构参数对解调精度影响的特性并进行了数值仿真。搭建了光路系统,设计了能够消除系统结构参数误差影响的基于LabVIEW的参数测定软件、解调系统监控软件和电路模块,进行了传感检测实验,其结果与理论分析相吻合。该系统稳定性好,检测灵敏度高,适用性强,在光纤光栅传感器的应用方面具有重要意义。     

A 1.8-µm multiwavelength thulium-doped fiber laser based on a hybrid interference filter

A 1.8-µm tunable multiwavelength thulium-doped fiber laser based on a hybrid filter is proposed. In the designed ring-cavity fiber laser, the filter consists of one Sagnac loop and one dual-pass Mach–Zehnder filter. In the experiment, the lasing threshold is 155?mW, and a continuously tunable and stable single-wavelength laser could be realized with a minimum tuning interval of 2.1?nm within a scope of 22.5?nm. When an 1858-nm laser is obtained, the peak power fluctuation is less than 0.83?dB within 20 minutes at room temperature. By adjusting the polarization controller, stable dual-wavelength lasers are simultaneously achieved, and the peak power shift is less than 1.24?dB within a scan time of 20 minutes at room temperature. By changing the polarization state, stable triple-wavelength lasing is obtained, and the power fluctuation is less than 1.95?nm. In the experiment, the 3-dB linewidth of the laser is less than 0.4?nm.     

光纤电流传感Sagnac环的研究

应用琼期短阵分析了光纤线性双折射和耦合器的偏振性对光纤Sagnac环的影响，列举了两种不同的电流传感方案，指出相位微分调制式系统与光纤的线性双折射无关，但与耦合器的偏振性有关，而法拉第旋光效应式系统受光纤的线性双折射的影响比较严重，但使Sagnac环两输入端的本地坐标系相垂直可极大地降低光纤线性双折射影响。     

压电陶瓷晶体迟滞特性的本构关系研究

从能量的角度出发,运用本构方法,以热力学唯象理论为基础,通过对压电陶瓷晶体Helmholtz自由能关系进行推导而得出压电晶体的电场强度E与极化强度P的本构关系。与实验结果的对比分析表明,所推导的E-P本构关系能够较为准确地在宏观上描述压电陶瓷晶体的迟滞特性。最后结合实验数据和E-P迟滞曲线对压电陶瓷晶体的Helmholtz自由能和电滞回线进行了分析和讨论。     

Novel torsion sensor using a polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber loop mirror

A novel torsion sensor employing a short length of polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber was inserted into the fiber loop mirror with an output probe. The sensing scheme was described theoretically by a Jones matrix and experimentally demonstrated. The results showed that the sensitivity of the intensity loss in response to the twist angle may be up to 0.0394 dB/° and a resolution of 0.025° was achieved. This torsion sensor is attractive due to its compact size, insensitivity to temperature, and suitability for longer distance transmission than conventional sensors.     

具有中等精度的全数字闭环保偏光纤陀螺仪

报道了一种采用Y分支多功能集成光路和全数字处理技术的具有中等精度的闭环保偏光纤陀螺。测试结果表明,零偏稳定性为0.4(°/h),在整个±300(°/s)的测量范围内,标度因数稳定性优于800ppm.该光纤陀螺仪结构简单,精度高,动态范围大,适合于捷联惯性组合导航系统的应用。     

油井采出液成分与温度对Q235钢腐蚀行为的影响

采用称重法研究了油井采出液成分与温度对Q235钢腐蚀行为的影响;运用极化曲线和滞后环等电化学方法结合SEM和XRD等方法,研究了Q235钢的腐蚀机理。结果表明:采出液中Cl-、SO42-对腐蚀速率影响较大,而HCO3-、Ca2+影响较小;随着Cl-、SO42-浓度的增大试验钢的腐蚀速率增大;随着HCO3-浓度的增大试验钢的腐蚀速率先增大后减小;Ca2+浓度很小时,对试验钢的腐蚀速率没有明显的影响,但当Ca2+质量浓度达到240 mg.L-1时,腐蚀速率迅速降低;在80℃之前,试验钢的腐蚀速率随温度升高而加快;试验钢的腐蚀机理为垢下腐蚀。     

Synergistic effects of fluid flow and sand particles on erosion–corrosion of aluminum in ethylene glycol–water solutions

The synergistic effects of fluid flow and sand particles on erosion–corrosion of 3003 aluminum (Al) alloy in ethylene glycol–water solution that simulates the automotive engine coolant were studied through a rotating disk electrode by electrochemical measurements. It was found that, in the absence of sand particles, the anodic current density of Al electrode decreases with the increase in electrode rotating speed, which is attributed to the enhanced electrode oxidation accompanying with accelerated oxygen diffusion and reduction. Mass-transport plays an important role in electrode process, as indicated by the presence of diffusive impedance. With the addition of sand particles, the de-stabilization of electrode is predominant and the anodic current density increases with the electrode rotation speed, which is attributed to the enhanced impact damage to electrode by sand particles. The electrode roughening effect due to sand impact is indicated by the presence of inductive loop in impedance plots. The variation of sand particle size does not have apparent effect on polarization behaviour of Al electrode, while an elevated temperature increases significantly the anodic current density of the electrode. There exists a synergism of fluid flow and sand impact on electrochemical corrosion behaviour of Al electrode.     

压电陶瓷微位移器件控制模型的研究

从不同角度介绍了压电陶瓷微位移器件的两种控制模型.首先,借助于统计物理学分析,结合数学建模方法,建立了一个简单实用的压电陶瓷的迟滞数学模型.其次,借助于弹性体变形理论,介绍了压电/电致伸缩陶瓷的归一化控制模型,从理论上说明了采用电极化强度的方法可以有效减小迟滞的观点.并设计了两种实验系统,对两种控制模型进行了实验验证,实验结果表明,所建立的两种模型可有效减小压电陶瓷的迟滞非线性误差,提高压电陶瓷微位移的控制精度,有助于实现压电陶瓷驱动器的高精度开环微位移控制.     

利用长波红外偏振成像与光强图像融合的实验研究

为解决红外迷彩对传统热成像系统的干扰问题,达到在战场上识别红外伪装目标的目的,进行了长波红外偏振成像与光强图像融合的实验研究。采集了典型战场背景的长波红外偏振图像,利用MATLAB编程对红外偏振图像处理得到了长波红外偏振度图像,进一步对偏振度图像和光强图像进行了融合。实验结果表明,红外偏振度图像比原始红外图像的灰度均值提高了53%,灰度标准差提高了90%,平均梯度提高了2.04倍;融合后的图像比红外偏振度图像的灰度均值提高了15%,灰度标准差提高了4%,平均梯度提高了17%。     

油纸绝缘混合极化的频域谱模型及参数辨识

采用等效模型分析是间接评估油纸绝缘老化状态的一种有效方法,而构建油纸绝缘系统的等效模型及参数计算是研究的基础和难点。针对目前广泛采用扩展德拜模型存在的不足,引入界面极化支路的油纸绝缘混合极化等效模型更为贴合实际极化过程,同时研究油纸绝缘混合极化过程的频域介电谱模型参数辨识方法。首先,在新型极化等效电路基础上导出频域谱与电路参数之间的关系;其次,建立求解多元方程组的目标函数,然后应用自适应收缩因子粒子群算法(ACPSO)进行参数求解;最后,通过实测数据验证该方法辨识模型参数的可行性与准确性。计算结果表明,考虑有界面极化的混合等效模型更能真实反映油纸绝缘的弛豫过程,它更符合变压器绝缘极化的实际情况;基于频域介电谱的油纸绝缘等效模型参数辨识法,相比于此前基于时域介电谱的辨识方法,具有求解过程简单、参数计算结果准确可靠等优点。     

四旋翼飞行器的自适应鲁棒滑模控制器设计

针对四旋翼欠驱动系统的姿态控制问题,提出一种自适应鲁棒滑模控制方法。对四旋翼系统实现了双环控制,内环为姿态控制,外环为位置控制。根据牛顿-欧拉方程建立了四旋翼系统的动力学模型,针对系统中的外部扰动和参数摄动等不确定性因素,设计了基于Lyapunov稳定控制算法,内环使用自适应鲁棒滑模控制;外环使用鲁棒控制。仿真和实验表明所提控制策略对外界扰动和模型的不确定性具有较强的鲁棒性。     

考虑偏振片非理想性的可见光偏振成像修正模型

常用的偏振成像理论模型大多基于理想偏振片假设,即偏振片的消光比为无穷大且主方向已知,而实际偏振片的非理想性会对偏振成像系统的测量精度产生明显的影响,为降低这种影响,对考虑偏振片非理想性的偏振成像模型进行研究。以基于斯托克斯矢量的偏振成像模型为基础,通过分析实际偏振片对入射光偏振态的改变,提出了一种考虑偏振片非理想性的可见光偏振成像修正模型,给出了考虑实际偏振片性能及主方向误差的偏振度、偏振角修正公式。利用分时偏振成像系统对线偏振光的偏振度进行测量,实验结果表明:当偏振片消光比为100:1时,理想模型的线偏振光偏振度测量的平均相对误差为5.53%,修正模型的偏振度测量的平均相对误差降低到3.62%。应用该修正模型可在使用低消光比偏振片时达到与高消光比偏振片相当的偏振度测量精度,使偏振成像系统能够拥有更大视场,成本降低。     

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND APPLICATIONS OF POLARIZATION-MAINTAINING FIBER LOOP MIRRORS

In the polarization-maintaining fiber loop mirrors (PM-FLM), the birefringence of the polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF, one of the typical PMFs is the high-birefringence fiber) introduces phase difference and results in time-delay interference between the two counterpropagating waves. Hence, the transmission (or the reflection) spectrum is characterized by comb filtering, which is easily tuned and is independent of input wave polarization. Based on the properties, the PM-FLM is widely used in the field of optical fiber sensing and communication. This article analyzes the comb filtering theory of the PM-FLM and discusses the recent typical applications of the PM-FLM in the field of multiwavelength fiber laser (MFL), all-optical signal processing (AOSP), optimized performance of the erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), and demodulation of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors in detail.     

基于蓄能器的节能回路控制策略研究

为实现重物势能回收再利用,以蓄能器为储能元件,设计闭式液压系统的节能回路。引入电磁比例减压阀,研究以蓄能器压力、外负载及速度为判断参数的控制策略。建立AMESim-Simulink联合仿真模型,分析回路压力与流量特性。仿真结果表明,该控制策略可使节能回路中的压力与流量稳定,并满足外负载与速度变化的需求。     

快速旋转式偏振成像探测装置的设计

为了获取更快的偏振成像探测速率,本文对现有的机械旋转式偏振成像装置进行了改进,设计了连续旋转检偏器的成像方式,并改进图像处理过程,进一步提高了偏振成像速度。该装置克服了传统机械旋转式偏振成像装置体积大、成像速度慢、效率低的不足,利用电机带动检偏器快速匀速旋转,并与相机的曝光同步,能够快速便捷地实现偏振图像的获取。同时为了实现更高的偏振图像采集速率,对偏振图像采用了流水线式的处理方式,利用每相邻的3幅强度图解算得到偏振图像,使偏振图像与强度图像具有相同的成像速率。经过测试,该装置能够很好地完成偏振图像的采集,获取被测目标的偏振度和偏振角,在稳定工作状态下平均获取一幅偏振信息耗时0.033 s,且具有较好的工作稳定性。本文所做工作提升了机械旋转式偏振成像仪的工作效率,也为进一步提升机械式偏振成像仪的成像速度、实现对运动目标探测打下了基础。     

Finite-time control for nonlinear spacecraft attitude based on terminal sliding mode technique

In this paper, a fast terminal sliding mode control (FTSMC) scheme with double closed loops is proposed for the spacecraft attitude control. The FTSMC laws are included both in an inner control loop and an outer control loop. Firstly, a fast terminal sliding surface (FTSS) is constructed, which can drive the inner loop tracking-error and the outer loop tracking-error on the FTSS to converge to zero in finite time. Secondly, FTSMC strategy is designed by using Lyaponov's method for ensuring the occurrence of the sliding motion in finite time, which can hold the character of fast transient response and improve the tracking accuracy. It is proved that FTSMC can guarantee the convergence of tracking-error in both approaching and sliding mode surface. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.