15MnMoVN钢及焊件的裂纹扩展速率的实验研究

测定了15MnMoVN钢及其焊接接头的疲劳裂纹扩展速率。裂纹长度用断裂应变计电测测量,实验数据采用Paris公式dα/dN=C(△K)~2和dα/dN=B(△K-K_(th))~2两种不同的公式拟合,得出了裂纹扩展规律。分析比较了母材、焊缝和热影响区的疲劳裂纹扩展性能,还比较了15MnMoVN钢和15MnVN钢的疲劳扩展性能。     

两种工程结构用钢疲劳裂纹扩展速率的试验研究

对工程结构用钢20MnHR、A508-Ⅲ焊缝和热影响区的疲劳裂纹扩展速率进行了试验研究。试验采用CT试样，用七点递增多项式法求(da/dN)i与(△K)i，并分别将焊缝和热影响区同一组多个试样的(△K)i和(da/dN)i数据点合在一起进行整体回归分析。试验中得列了20MnHR疲劳裂纹扩展速率的斜率转折点，分别测出了平面应变区和平面应力区的Paris表达式。试验分析说明，以平面应变性质为基础的Paris表达式应用于实际工程结构较为安全。     

"过载"在da/dN-△K曲线与△Kth降载法测量中的影响及其对策

对在10^-5－10^-7mm/cycle疲劳裂纹扩展曲线da/dN－△K和疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值△Kth测量中常用的降载法进行研究。每一级载荷疲劳裂纹扩展二次（△a1i，△N1i）和（△a2i，△N2i）。用多点多项式分别拟合（△a1i，△N1i，△K1i）和（△a2i，△N2i，△K2i），i＝1，2，3，…，n。每一种材料得到两条da/dN－△Kth。结果表明，降载法中的前一级载荷仍明显有过载作用，干扰材料疲劳裂纹扩展，影响测量数据的真实性。本文提出解决方法－－“二次扩展法”，即在每一级载荷,舍去受前一级载荷影响大的第一次循环数据，而用受前一级载荷影响较小的第二次循环数据作为疲劳裂纹扩展曲线da/dN－△K和计算疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值△Kth的数据。     

显微组织对中碳钢疲劳裂纹扩展的影响

本文试验研究了45 Cr 钢淬水,200℃回火态和40 MnB 钢淬水,200℃、500℃回火态的疲劳裂纹在第一、第二扩展阶段的扩展。试验结果表明,当疲劳裂纹处于第一扩展阶段时,两种钢在200℃回火态的疲劳裂纹主要是穿晶扩展,它们的疲劳裂纹扩展速率(da/dN)和门槛值(△K_(th))基本相同。当疲劳裂纹进入第二扩展阶段后,晶界状态对疲劳裂纹扩展的影响明显起来。硼具有韧化200℃回火态组织晶界的作用,致使40MnB 钢的疲劳裂纹不优先沿晶界扩展。而45Cr 钢,疲劳裂纹优先沿高畸变能的晶界扩展,疲劳裂纹沿晶扩展速率加快,所以得到40 MnB 钢的da/dN<45Cr 钢的da/dN 的结果。当40MnB 钢500℃回火态的疲劳裂纹处于第一、第二扩展阶段时,均是穿晶扩展,断口上有明显疲劳条纹,裂纹扩展途径弯曲度大,从而使其在两个扩展阶段的da/dN 均低于两种钢200℃回火态的da/dN,△K_(th)值高于两种钢200℃回火态的△K_(th)值。     

应用J积分法测定40CrNiMoVA(ESR)钢的低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率

采用控制恒应变幅的方法,测定了40CrNi3MoVA(ESR)钢的低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率。根据裂纹长度和对应的载荷大小求得循环J 积分(△J),与扩展速率(da/dN),得出da/dN=4.26×10~(-5)(△J_t)~(1.161)其中[da/dN]=[mm/cycle],[△J_t]=[KN/m]实验表明,J 积分可以用于低周疲劳裂纹扩展的研究。     

16MnR钢近门槛值疲劳裂纹扩展特性

本文研究了16MnR 钢近门槛值疲劳裂纹扩展的特性.提出用公式 dα/dN=C(△K(?)—△K~2(?))表征门槛值附近的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,通过试验给出了计算有效应力强度因子范围△K_(eff)的方法.计算结果与试验数据相吻合。     

“过载”在da/dN—ΔK曲线与ΔK_(th)降载法测量中的影响及其对策

对在 10 - 5～ 10 - 7mm cycle疲劳裂纹扩展曲线da dN—ΔK和疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值ΔKth测量中常用的降载法进行研究。每一级载荷疲劳裂纹扩展二次 (Δa1i,ΔN1i)和 (Δa2i,ΔN2i)。用多点多项式分别拟合 (Δa1i,ΔN1i,ΔK1i)和(Δa2i,ΔN2i,ΔK2i) ,i=1,2 ,3 ,… ,n。每一种材料得到两条da dN—ΔK曲线和两个ΔKth。结果表明 ,降载法中的前一级载荷仍明显有过载作用 ,干扰材料疲劳裂纹扩展 ,影响测量数据的真实性。本文提出解决方法———“二次扩展法” ,即在每一级载荷 ,舍去受前一级载荷影响大的第一次循环数据 ,而用受前一级载荷影响较小的第二次循环数据作为疲劳裂纹扩展曲线da dN—ΔK和计算疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值ΔKth的数据     

TLVW1114Ti钢疲劳特性研究

对TLVW1114Ti材料进行了疲劳试验,得到了应力 寿命曲线,当σ>σ0.1=402MPa时,N=4.102×1044σ-14.501;得到了应变疲劳特性Δσ/2=1006(2Nf)-0.0998,Δεp/2=1.1758(2Nf)-0.7487,Δσ/2=977.7(Δεp/2)0.1321;当da/dN≥5×10-5mm/周,其裂纹扩展速率为da/dN=2.2364×10-9(ΔK)3.1541,当da/dN<5×10-5mm/周,da/dN=1.54147×10-14(ΔK)8.644。     

根据钢的拉伸性能估算疲劳裂纹扩展寿命

本文根据疲劳裂纹扩展研究的新进展,提出了一个新的疲劳裂纹扩展模型。据此,导出一个新的疲劳裂纹扩展表达式da/dN=B(△K-△K_(1h))~3,系数B是材料常数,可根据拉伸性能估算,从而揭示了da/dN与拉伸性能间的关系,为根据拉伸性能和△K_(th)之值估算钢的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命提供了可能。最后,本文给出了根据拉伸性能估算钢的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的几个实例,从而检验了新公式的有效性。     

国产CF62钢的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率

研究了新钢种国产CF62钢与日本对比钢种（WEL-TEN62CF）在海水介质中的低周腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/dN，得出的da/dN～△K曲线可用Paris公式表达，符合腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率的一般规律。国产新钢种CF62与日本对比钢种的da/dN基本相当，试验表明该钢在海水腐蚀条件下有较好的抗裂纹扩展性能。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.