一种基于恒模算法的多用户盲波束形成新方法

提出了一种适用于多用户的盲波束形成新方法.该方法基于最小二乘恒模算法,当最小二乘恒模算法收敛于某一信号后,我们导出了算法的权向量与其它用户波达方向的关系,进而在不同用户的波达方向上形成初始增益,从而实现对所有用户的波束形成.文中给出了算法的并行和串行实现方案.     

基于SMI－CMA联合自适应算法的性能分析

恒模算法(CMA)被广泛地应用到盲自适应波束形成中，除了传输信号波形具有恒定的包络外．CMA不需要先验知识。基于SMI—CMA算法的恒模(CM)阵列级联的结构，由SMI算法决定CMA的初始权向量．系统可以分离多个同信道信源，在干扰信号较强时，仍有稳定的SINR输出，具有较好的收敛速度。仿真结果也证明了SMI—CMA算法具有较强的稳健型和较快的收敛速度。     

移动通信中的CMA阵列抗干扰性能分析

移动通信中的CMA阵列具有抗多径干扰和抗共信道干扰能力。本文理论分析了实际信号环境下CMA阵列的抗多径干扰和抗共道干扰能力，并进行了计算机仿真，仿真结果表明，CMA阵列的抗多径干扰性能受随机相移、信号幅度、信号空间分布等因素的影响，当所需信号与多径干扰信号空间卫离度越大，CMA阵列的抗多径干扰性能越好。CMA阵列的抗共信道干扰性能较抗多径干扰性能要好，只要所需用户信号和共信道干扰信号不在同一入射方向，CMA阵列就可以将干扰信号抑制掉。     

CMA自适应阵列在CDMA通信系统的应用

由于CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access)通信系统实施了功率控制，在基带不能直接用CMA进行自适应阵列的波束形成．通过分析CDMA系统的特点，我们提出在接收信号解扩后再应用CMA进行波束形成．这种新的波束形成方法不仅为CMA自适应阵列在CDMA系统中的应用提供了一种途径，而且还能防止CMA收敛到错误信号上，从而提高系统的可靠性．仿真结果表明，与全向天线系统相比，采用CMA自适应阵列的系统性能有了很大的改善，系统的容量得到成倍的增加．在强干扰情况下，虽然CMA的干扰方向信号抑制效应变弱，但其性能改善仍然十分明显．     

一种稳健的自适应波束形成器

当信号噪声比超过一定的门限时,线性约束自适应波束形成器对天线的幅相误差有很高的敏感度,即使在误差很小的情况下,期望信号也会如同干扰一样被抑制掉。该文通过对广义旁瓣相消器的阻塞矩阵加以改进,提出了一种对阵列天线误差有良好稳健性的自适应波束形成器。该方法基于广义旁瓣相消器结构,可方便地进行部分自适应,降低运算量。     

基于CMA算法的自适应阵的初始化研究

在多径传播和其它同频干扰存在而同时接收到多个恒模信号时,若已知需要信号到达方向的通信条件下,本文提出了恒模算法的初始预测方法,对干扰起到了零陷作用,数字模拟结果表明了这一初始预测方法是有效的。     

Adaptive co-channel interference cancellation in space-time codedcommunication systems

A multi-input-multi-output, minimum mean squared error spatial filtering-based adaptive antenna array method is proposed to suppress co-channel interference (CCI) in space-time coded systems. It is shown that the proposed method can effectively suppress CCI while preserving the space-time structure, thereby significantly improving the system's interference suppression ability     

Effects of desired signal on the performance of a sidelobecanceller

The performance of a sidelobe canceller is studied in a communication system where the desired signal is continually present and its amplitude in the auxiliary antennas may be large (above thermal noise). In such a system to avoid the cancellation of the desired signal, one can use a reference signal and adjust the auxiliary antenna weights to minimize the error between the reference signal and the sidelobe canceller output or one can use a steering vector. It is shown that in spite of the reference signal or a steering vector, the presence of the desired signal in the auxiliary antennas degrades the interference suppression provided by a sidelobe canceller. The amount of degradation depends on the number of degrees of freedom, the strength of the various signals, and the angular resolution of the auxiliary antenna array. Signal scenarios involving a single interfering signal as well as those involving multiple interfering signals are considered     

Minimum-span constant modulus array for a smart antenna testbed

The realisation of an efficient algorithm for a real-time smart antenna testbed based on DECT technology is considered. The testbed is based on a multistage constant modulus array, a blind adaptive beamformer and an adaptive signal canceller that removes the captured signal from the input signals. Based on the Wiener model of convergence, a reduced form of the CM array has been developed that takes advantage of the reduced rank of the input correlation matrix for additional stages. Computer simulations confirm the functionality of this algorithm, and convergence and sensitivity to fading are also discussed.     

Stationary points of a kurtosis maximization algorithm for blindsignal separation and antenna beamforming

Blind source separation has been the subject of extensive research. In particular, blind antenna beamforming is an effective signal separation technique for communication systems to combat co-channel interference. Among many potential candidate approaches, the simple constant modulus algorithm (CMA) has been widely studied and used in practice. The CMA is designed to capture and separate signals with negative kurtosis. However, when some signals have positive kurtoses, the CMA is unable to capture and separate these sources. We show that the kurtosis maximum algorithm (KMA) can capture signals with both the positive and negative kurtoses. Its global convergence proof is presented for noiseless systems with multiple signals sources and for systems with a single source and zero-kurtosis (such as Gaussian) additive noise     

Successive blind multi-target adaptive antenna array and interference cancellation for DS-CDMA

An effective design of successive joint blind multi-target (MT) adaptive antenna array (AAA) and interference cancellation is presented for multi-user detection of DS-CDMA. The MT-AAA employs the adaptive block size least square-constant modulus algorithm (LS-CMA) with pre-despreading at each antenna element combined with a simple weight adaptive canceller. The combined process is repeated successively for the detection of all users without any knowledge of the channel or training sequences. It is shown to utilise the advantages of both techniques and provides improved performance in fading channel for the near-far problem, in-beam interference, and a high number of users     

一种小样本支持的多级最小模级联相消器

该文针对阵列信号自适应相消器运算量大、收敛性能易受相关干扰影响等缺点,提出了一种改进的阵列信号多级级联相消器方法,该方法用通道间具有最小模的样本商作为复权,替代多级维纳滤波器的权值计算,具有收敛速度快、运算量小等特点,且对受相关干扰影响的非平稳数据工作性能良好。仿真结果表明,此算法用较少样本就可取得采样协方差求逆(SMI)类算法相同的收敛性能。     

A PREPROCESSING LS-CMA IN HIGHLY CORRUPTIVE ENVIRONMENT

A fast preprocessing Least Square-Constant Modulus Algorithm (LS-CMA) is proposed for blind adaptive beamforming. This new preprocessing method precludes noise capture caused by the original LS-CMA with the preprocessing procedure controlled by the static Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA). The simulation results have shown that the proposed fast preprocessing LS-CMA can effectively reject the co-channel interference, and quickly lock onto the constant modulus desired signal with only one snapshot in a highly corruptive environment.     

智能天线中导频符号辅助的载波频偏估计

首先定量分析了智能天线的阵元和导频符号数目增减对频偏估计性能的影响;然后借助于自适应阵加权结构,提出了一种存在共信道干扰(CCI)时,导频辅助估计频偏的新算法,该方法的自适应权只是中间变量,所以并不需要系统真正采用自适应结构,也不需要已知天线阵列流形.计算机仿真表明,该算法可以充分地利用多阵元和导频符号,有效抑制了CCI,使频偏估计性能接近于克莱美-罗界.     

An orthogonalized blind algorithm for hybrid of adaptive array and equalizer

The problems generated by the interference will be more complicated in the future. A combination of adaptive array and equalizer has been employed to solve the problems of interference when an adaptive array alone cannot suppress all the interferences. A constant modules algorithm (CMA) of the combination system was proposed to solve the problems of insufficient degrees of freedom and main‐beam multipath interference when no training signal is transmitted. The limitation of the CMA for combination systems is due to its slow rate of convergence. In this paper, an orthogonalized blind algorithm for hybrid of array and equalizer (OBHAE) is proposed to combat the problems of the interference. Because the modified input vector of the adaptive array is orthogonalized by the OBHAE in advance, the convergent rate of the CMA system can be improved by the OBHAE. When the coherent interference presents, the performance of the system will be degraded. In this paper, an orthogonalized spatial smoothing blind (OSSB) algorithm is proposed to further enhance the cancellation of the coherent interference. In the OSSB, we combine the OBHAE with the spatial smoothing method to combat the coherent interference problem. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the merits of the OBHAE and the OSSB. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

改进的GPS抗干扰自适应天线阵性能研究

文章提出了一种用于GPS接收机的新型抗干扰自适应天线阵,并给出了对其方向图和输出信干噪比的仿真过程.比较了在相同的信号环境时,该天线阵与常用的均匀直线阵、等间隔圆形阵的性能.结果表明,使用该自适应阵可以改善天线阵的方向图,提高输出信号干扰噪声比SINR,增强接收机的抗干扰能力.     

The constant modulus array for cochannel signal copy and directionfinding

The constant modulus (CM) array is a blind adaptive beamformer capable of recovering a narrowband signal among several cochannel sources without using a pilot or training signal. It is a conventional weight-and-sum adaptive beamformer whose weights are updated by the constant modulus algorithm. An adaptive signal canceller follows the beamformer to remove the captured signal from the array input and to provide an estimate of its direction vector. Based on a Wiener model, we investigate the steady-state properties of the CM array and the signal canceller. For mutually uncorrelated sources and noise, it is shown that the signal canceller exactly removes the source captured by the array. Thus, identical stages of the CM array and signal canceller may be used in a multistage system to recover several cochannel sources. Computer simulations are presented to verify the analytical results and to illustrate the transient behavior of the system     

移动通信中基于智能天线的抗多径干扰技术

本文首先概述了多径信道传输特性,在此基础上,重点讨论了基于智能天线抗多径干扰技术的理论,并对基于ＣＭＡ算法的智能天线抑制多径干扰进行了计算机仿真。     

Adaptive beamforming with the generalized sidelobe canceller in the presence of array imperfections

Antenna designers often employ linearly constrained adaptive beamforming as an antijamming measure. With minimal a priori knowledge of the signal environment, this technique nulls out jammers while simultaneously preserving the quality of the main lobe so that a friendly look-direction signal can be received with unity gain. Unfortunately, in the absence of special strategies, linearly constrained adaptive beamforming is hypersensitive to array imperfections when the input signal-to-noise ratio exceeds a certain threshold. This hypersensitivity manifests itself as a nailing of the friendly signal as if it were a jammer. Luckily, the signal nulling problem can be easily remedied by artificial receiver noise injection. A particularly simple and general structure for linearly constrained adaptive beamforming was proposed during the 1970's, and is known as the generalized sidelobe canceller. A detailed analysis of the generalized sidelobe canceller in the presence of array imperfections is discussed, and two new artificial receiver noise injection algorithms are proposed. Computer simulations are included to demonstrate that use of these new algorithms alleviates the signal nailing problem without seriously compromising jammer nulling. For the special case of the Capon maximum-likelihood beamformer, simple approximations are presented for: 1) the Wiener output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR_{0}astr), 2) the antenna element error variance that causes a 3 dB loss ofSINR_{0}astrfrom its value for an ideal array, and 3) the optimal artificial receiver noise that maximizesSINR_{0}astr.     

A π/4 crossed cascaded adaptive array for mobile satellite communications

Adaptive arrays in mobile communications based on any arbitrary performance criteria have many problems in tracking the desired signal at different interference angles relative to the desired one. To use the adaptive arrays efficiently in mobile communications, we need a system which is independent of interference angles. In this paper a system nominated as π/4 crossed cascaded adaptive array (π/4 CC) based on (for example) the well-known constant modulus algorithm (CMA) is suggested. It is a four elements adaptive array, each two elements are controlled by the CMA and they are crossed by 45° angle in the vertical plane. The proposed system is examined by computer simulation and compared with the conventional system. It is found that the conventional two elements array is suffering from the capture problem and its performance is degraded at certain interference angles e.g. 25, 50, 55°,…. When the interference power is equal to the desired signal, the proposed system outperforms the conventional one. Therefore, the suggested system is more suitable in mobile communications which employs CM modulation techniques such as FM, QPSK, GMSK,…. In this article the analysis of the CMA and the proposed system are considered in detail. The system under consideration can be used also for all other adaptive arrays employing LMS, PI, and Applebaum, etc. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.