并行编程模型的研究与发展

并行编程模型在分布式计算中发挥着很重要的作用,随着人们对高性能计算需求的不断扩大和各种新技术的出现,并行编程模型也处于不断的发展和完善之中.对两种主要的编程模型进行了详细的分析和研究,针对前两种模型的优缺点分析并研究了两级并行模型的使用范围和优势等,最后针对硬件的新发展提出了新的编程模型的发展TBB+MPI.并在基于CMP的集群系统中实现丁矩阵相乘的算法.实验结果显示TBB+MPI在多核集群编程方面有明显的优势,因此模型TBB+MPI更适合于多核集群.     

多核集群系统上的混合编程模型研究

对采用多核处理器作为SMP集群系统的计算节点的系统上的一种混合编程模型-MPI+OpenMP混合编程模型进行了深入的研究.建立了两个矩阵乘的混合并行算法,在多核集群平台上与纯MPI算法分别进行了实验,并进行了性能方面的比较.试验表明,混合编程具有更好的性能.     

MPI+TBB混合并行编程模型在分子动力学中的应用

为了提高分子动力学模拟在对称多处理(SMP)集群上的计算速度,在分子动力学并行方法中引入MPI+TBB的混合并行编程模型。基于该模型,在分子动力学软件LAMMPS中设计并实现混合并行算法,在节点间采用MPI及空间分解技术实施进程级并行,节点内采用TBB及临界区技术实施线程级并行。在SMP集群中的测试表明,该方法在体系较大以及节点数较多时可以明显减少通信时间,使加速比在纯MPI模型上提高45%。结果表明,MPI+TBB混合并行编程模型可促进分子动力学并行模拟且效率明显提升。     

基于通用多核处理器平台的并行基因表达式编程算法

基因表达式编程(Gene Expression Programming, GEP)是一种计算量大且通用性强的新型进化算法,其传统计算形式不能充分利用目前主流的多核处理器。为提高算法效率,提出了基于通用多核处理器平台的并行基因表达式编程算法(Parallel Gene Expression Programming Based on General Multi-core Processor, PGEP-MP)。主要工作包括:O)分析通用多核处理器平台下并行基因表达式编程算法的机理;(2)利用MPI和()pcnMP混合编程模型设计基于通用多核处理器平台的基因表达式编程算法的粗粒度与细粒度相结合的并行模型;(3)提出改进PEEP-MP算法效率的进化策略;(4)通过对函数挖掘和分类的实验证明,PEEP-Ml〕算法提高了函数挖掘和分类的效率,在并行双核处理器数为4的情况下,PEEP-MP的平均并行加速比分别是传统GEP算法的4. 22倍和 4. 06倍。     

众核阵列非满配时的并行编程方法

研究众核阵列非满配时逻辑线程映射到物理线程的方法.在此基础上提出应用于非满配众核阵列的并行编程方法,此方法也可以与MPI并行编程相结合,应用于大规模并行集群系统.     

基于SMP集群的多层次并行编程模型与并行优化技术*

详细描述了适用于SMP集群这种多层次并行体系结构的混合并行编程模型MPI／OpenMP,它提供了实现SMP节点间和节点内多层次并行的机制。在此基础上结合实用的性能评价方法,分别介绍了MPI,OpenMP和单处理器三个层次上的一些常用和有效的并行优化技术,并指出单处理器性能优化是提高并行程序性能一个不容忽视的问题。     

多核处理器并行编程模型的研究与设计

为了在多核处理器上充分利用多核资源以提升程序性能,研究了多核处理器的体系结构和多核环境下可能影响并行程序性能的因素,实现了基于任务的并行编程模型.该模型提供了单任务数据并行和多任务并行两种并行处理方式,其中单任务数据并行使用cache块技术划分数据集,多任务并行使用任务密取的任务调度策略.用该模型实现了计算斐波那契数列的递归算法,实验结果表明,使用该模型编写多核并行程序可以达到较高的相对于串行计算的加速比.     

众核处理器和众核集群的并行模拟

模拟器是计算机体系结构研究的重要工具.近年来并行计算机体系结构的发展给计算机模拟带来了巨大的挑战.一方面,随着体系结构朝着多核以及众核处理器发展,模拟的目标系统规模随着模拟核数以摩尔定律的速度增加而不断增大;另一方面,串行模拟的速度因为模拟器运行所在宿主机主频提速减缓而停滞不前.上述两方面的原因使得传统的串行模拟方式无法满足对新兴体系结构模拟规模和速度的需求.以众核处理器和众核集群这两种体系结构为例,并行模拟技术在并行计算机体系结构模拟中是必要而且可行的.对于众核处理器的模拟,使用并行离散事件模拟对其进行加速,在模拟精度不变的前提下,提高模拟速度10.9倍.对于众核集群的模拟,模拟的目标系统总规模达到1024核,并且支持MPI/Pthreads混合编程的运行环境.     

面向层次化NoC的混合并行编程模型

为更好发挥多核处理器的硬件性能,针对层次化的片上网络架构,提出MPI/OpenMP混合并行编程模型。运用基于MPI的任务级并行模型实现片内簇间的高效通信,采用OpenMP模型实现簇内四核的通信、同步和数据交换。实验结果表明,与单一并行编程模型相比,混合并行编程模型加速比提高了20%~50%。     

一种Trace驱动的多核SMP集群并行性能模拟方法

基于新型多核SMP集群的层次化性能模型,本文在BigSim并行性能模拟器基础上实现了一个Trace驱动的多核SMP集群并行性能模拟器Sim-MSC。在一个InfiniBand多核SMP集群的宿主机平台上采用jacobi3D程序进行了测试,结果表明Sim-MSC能够模拟MPI消息传递并行应用程序在多核SMP集群上的执行特征,精确预测系统和应用性能。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。