飞行器多学科协同设计系统的构建与应用

飞行器多学科协同设计是困扰当前飞行器综合性能提升、飞行器设计效率提高的关键问题之一,而工程性的飞行器多学科协同设计系统构建与应用借鉴资料不多.本文介绍了依据飞行器总体设计过程为代表的飞行器设计体系构建的多学科协同设计框架及其在气动设计方面的应用过程及效果,为飞行器协同设计的工程应用提供参考.     

飞行器设计的多参数决策matlab的模拟实现

本文介绍了基于Matlab语言环境下的多种算法,主要详细地介绍了模拟退火算法以及其运用于求解超音速飞行器气动外形参数优化问题的原理。主要阐述了飞行器设计的多参数决策matlab的模拟算法的基本原理及实现过程,运用Matlab语言实现了对飞行器设计的多参数决断。数值仿真的结果表明了该方法能够对函数进行全局寻优,有效克服了基于导数的优化算法容易陷入局部最优的问题。该方法既可以增加对Matlab语言的了解又可以加深对模拟飞行器设计的多参数决策过程的认识,并达到以此来设计智能系统的目的。     

飞行器变体机翼结构设计与仿真

针对变体飞行器在低雷诺数下机动性能力不足并且稳定性差的问题,设计提出一种新型变体机翼构型.首先深入研究海鸥的骨骼结构与飞行中的气动外形配置,利用空气动力学对海鸥气动力参数进行估算,计算所得气动参数基本满足海鸥实际飞行要求.进而抽象简化海鸥翅膀骨骼羽毛结构,并改变关节角度适合变体机翼的四自由度机构,采用气动布局分析与设计软件对机构进行仿真,优化结果能实现海鸥飞行的各种姿态外形例如起飞＼降落、巡航、俯冲的同时又有较高升阻比.表明大尺度的变体可以显著改变飞行器的升力、阻力和升阻比,能够使可变体飞行器自主适应多种环境和任务,因而在全飞行周期中比传统固定外形飞行器具有更优的性能.     

基于遗传算法的临近空间飞艇多学科优化设计

临近空间飞艇设计中,确定系统总体参数、给出优化的艇体外形十分关键,针对传统设计方法,为改进其中串行设计的不足,提出了并行多学科优化设计方法;并基于遗传算法开展了飞艇外形优化设计方法研究,结合气动、结构、强度进行了一体化优化。仿真结果表明利用遗传算法开展飞艇多学科优化是可行的,另外在进行设计时,不能仅将减阻作为研究重点,还应全面考虑结构重量、强度等其它因素。     

等方位角穿越实现隐身航路规划方法研究

在防空系统组网的安伞航路优化问题的研究中,针对非隐身设计的常规飞行器安全穿越雷达的技术,为提高飞行器隐身效果,提出一种利用等方位角飞行进行隐身航路规划的方法.依据飞行器雷达散射截面(RCS)变化特性和雷达可探测范围图,建立了基于等方位角穿越飞行的飞行器雷达隐身航路规划数学模型.利用等方位角隐身穿越航线满足的几何特征,给出了隐身穿越航线段起点和终点的计算机数值解算流程,建立常规飞行器的简化运动方程并求解相应控制率,在MAT-LAB平台上进行仿真.仿真结果表明.非隐身飞行器可以利用等方位角飞行达到隐蔽穿越雷达探测区域的目的,为设计提供了依据.     

平流层飞艇外形的设计优化

平流层飞艇是依靠浮力升空的飞行器.飞艇外形对于平流层飞艇的设计至关重要,为了获得能够满足动力结构和重量等各个学科要求的最优艇形,将综合设计优化技术引入到飞艇外形设计中,提出了适用于优化的飞艇外形生成曲线,分析了与外形有关的气动、结构和重量等因素,建立了飞艇气动阻力、表面积和最小环向应力的模型,构造了复合目标函数,并针对某飞艇外形进行了优化设计.仿真结果证明,利用蒙特卡罗算法优化设计后的艇形优于传统艇形.     

高超声速飞行器鲁棒自动驾驶仪设计研究

针对高超声速飞行器姿态控制问题,设计了具有鲁棒特性的自动驾驶仪;针对带有耦合特性的面对称外形高超声速飞行器的动力学模型,在存在气动参数摄动的情形下,基于数值有界不确定性描述形式,利用鲁棒控制理论和线性矩阵不等式(LMl)求解方法,设计了三通道鲁棒的自动驾驶仪控制器;最后仿真结果表明,所设计的三通道自动驾驶仪使得高超声速飞行器获得理想的动态性能和稳态品质,并对气动参数和通道间的耦合不确定性具有较强的鲁棒性.     

基于代理模型的固体动力杀伤器气动外形优化研究

分析了固体动力杀伤器的气动外形设计参数。通过进化神经网络构建气动外形参数与气动特性之间的代理模型，然后确定了气动外形优化方法，并完成了算例验证。结果表明：通过代理模型开展固体动力杀伤器气动外形优化是可行的，能够大大缩短杀伤器气动外形优化周期。     

火箭弹气动数据库的设计与实现

为方便管理和有效利用火箭弹气动计算中的大量气动力/力矩系数数据,本文借助SQL数据库管理系统构建了以其外形参数为索引的火箭弹气动数据库.从多学科设计优化体系的实际需求出发,以VC++为工具开发了C/S架构的交互式管理平台.该平台通过ADO技术实现客户机对服务器数据库的访问及修改,并同时具有用户管理及用户权限分配的功能.     

高超声速二维钝楔激波快速计算方法

在飞行器气动外形优化设计问题的研究中,由于激波脱体距离和形状影响类乘波体飞行器表面压力分布和升阻比特性,考虑熵层效应的气动加热分析的必须条件之一。为了建立在高超声速范围内一致适用的工程激波计算方法,针对高超声速二维钝楔外形,采用Maslen发展的求解高超声速无粘激波层的反方法——薄激波层理论对激波以及壁面压力进行了研究。与数值仿真和其它工程方法的比较分析表明,薄激波层理论在激波脱体距离、形状以及壁面压力的预测上均具有较高的精度,且能适用于更大的马赫数范围。同时,薄激波层理论具有很好的计算效率,为优化高超声速乘波体飞行器气动外形设计、参数研究和大熵梯度下的气动加热分析等复杂问题的研究提供了依据。     

飞翼飞机嵌入式大气数据系统算法研究

为适应新型作战飞行器平台高隐身、高超声速、高机动性等方面的需求,嵌入式大气测量技术不断发展。分析对比类球头集中式和飞翼飞机分布式两大类嵌入式大气数据传感（FADS）系统的研究情况及差异性。针对高隐身的飞翼布局飞机,以类X-47B飞机气动外形为研究对象,参考其测压点选位布局,开展了FADS算法模型的研究,提出一种适合工程应用的飞翼布局飞机FADS算法模型。算法采用最小二乘法拟合流场样本数据,通过迭代计算解耦各大气参数。仿真验证表明：该算法具有较高的解算精度,且迭代计算稳定收敛。     

飞机外露物隐身改进设计研究

外露物在一定程度上影响飞机隐身性能,而外露物的共形设计会增加成本。针对低成本准隐身飞机,本文探讨了一种外露物的隐身改进设计,主要采取优化外形,涂敷吸波材料、提升加工工艺等措施实现低成本飞机RCS值的缩减。经过隐身仿真、隐身测试等手段,获取了外露物在不同频点、不同极化下的RCS值,并通过仿真、测试数据对比验证采取隐身改进措施的有效性,并为其它外露物隐身设计提供了设计依据和手段。     

Aerodynamic shape optimization of supersonic aircraft configurations via an adjoint formulation on distributed memory parallel computers

This work describes the application of a control theory-based aerodynamic shape optimization method to the problem of supersonic aircraft design. A high fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithm modelling the Euler equations is used to calculate the aerodynamic properties of complex three-dimensional aircraft configurations. The design process is greatly accelerated through the use of both control theory and parallel computing. Control theory is employed to derive the adjoint differential equations whose solution allows for the evaluation of design gradient information at a fraction of the computational cost required by previous design methods. The resulting problem is then implemented in parallel using a domain decomposition approach, an optimized communication schedule, and the Message Passing Interface (MPI) Standard for portability and efficiency. In our earlier studies, the serial implementation of this design method, was shown to be effective for the optimization of airfoils, wings, wing–bodies, and complex aircraft configurations using both the potential equation and the Euler equations. In this work, our concern will be to extend the methodologies such that the combined capabilities of these new technologies can be used routinely and efficiently in an industrial design environment. The aerodynamic optimization of a supersonic transport configuration is presented as a demonstration test case of the capability. A particular difficulty of this test case is posed by the close coupling of the propulsion/airframe integration.     

A parallel aerostructural optimization framework for aircraft design studies

Preliminary aircraft design studies use structural weight models that are calibrated with data from existing aircraft. Computing weights with these models is a fast procedure that provides reliable weight estimates when the candidate designs lie within the domain of the data used for calibration. However, this limitation is too restrictive when we wish to assess the relative benefits of new structural technologies and new aircraft configurations early in the design process. To address this limitation, we present a computationally efficient aerostructural design framework for initial aircraft design studies that uses a full finite-element model of key structural components to better assess the potential benefits of new technologies. We use a three-dimensional panel method to predict the aerodynamic forces and couple the lifting surface deflections to compute the deformed aerodynamic flying shape. To be used early in the design cycle, the aerostructural computations must be fast, robust, and allow for significant design flexibility. To address these requirements, we develop a geometry parametrization technique that enables large geometric modifications, we implement a parallel Newton–Krylov approach that is robust and computationally efficient to solve the aeroelastic system, and we develop an adjoint-based derivative evaluation method to compute the derivatives of functions of interest for design optimization. To demonstrate the capabilities of the framework, we present a design optimization of a large transport aircraft wing that includes a detailed structural design parametrization. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework can be used to make detailed structural design decisions to meet overall aircraft mission requirements.     

面向控制的高超声速飞行器六自由度建模与分析

针对一类三维高超声速飞行器构型,给出了刚体飞行器六自由度模型综合建模法.采用斜激波与Prandtl-Meyer膨胀波关系式等空气动力学理论,计算飞行器机身表面的气动力、控制面受力及推力.采用逐步回归的曲线拟合方法,建立了飞行器面向控制的曲线拟合模型,并分析了六自由度模型的动态特性.结果表明,曲线拟合模型降低了机理推导模型的复杂度,并保留了气动与推进系统的耦合性,为飞行器控制器设计提供依据.     

机翼气动结构耦合数值分析方法

针对机翼的静气动弹性问题,为准确预测其气动特性,研究一种实用有效的气动结构耦合仿真方法.以客机机翼设计为例,通过机翼的静气动弹性问题分析和机翼的气动结构耦合分析流程的分解,建立参数化、自动化、模块化的气动结构耦合仿真分析平台.该平台的流程包括基于全速势方程的气动分析、基于MSC Nastran的结构仿真、应用MATLAB的载荷到结构模型的传递、结构变形向气动外形的映射等环节.算例表明该方法能较好地解决机翼的静气动弹性分析问题.     

运输机起飞性能试飞测试技术

运输机进行局部改装后,其结构和气动外形发生了变化.起飞性能是飞行试验中一项重要考核项目,通过构建基于地面光电测试和机载影像测试的综合测试系统,对飞机起飞过程中一台发动机停车情况下的两种处理方式(即中断起飞和继续起飞)进行试飞测试,精确获取飞机的运动参数.通过对实测参数、运动影像以及机载信号量等信息比对分析,得出试验结果...     

Accurate CFD driven optimization of lifting surfaces for wing-body configuration

A robust and accurate method for the multipoint CFD driven constrained optimization of 2D airfoils for minimum drag, previously developed by the authors, is extended to the optimization of 3D lifting surfaces for wing-body aircraft configurations. The objective is to minimize total drag at fixed lift subject to numerous geometrical and aerodynamical constraints. The optimization method is based on the use of Genetic Algorithms, accurate full Navier-Stokes drag prediction and massive multilevel parallelization of the whole computational framework. The method was applied to the problem of multipoint optimization of wings incorporated into transport-type aircraft configurations, by the example of ARA M-100 wing-body shape (a NASA test case). For the considered class of problems, significant aerodynamic gains have been obtained.     

基于有限元分析和结构优化的飞机垂尾质量估算

为在总体设计阶段较准确地估算飞机的质量,以垂尾为研究对象,提出基于有限元分析和结构优化的垂尾质量估算方法.该方法的主要步骤为:用CATIA实现垂尾的参数化定义并生成CAD模型;用AVL软件进行气动载荷分析;用PCL编写程序将CAD模型导入MSC Patran中,并应用其结构优化功能计算得到垂尾质量.在iSight中实现...     

Aircraft morphing wing design by using partial topology optimization

A morphing wing concept has been investigated over the last decade because it can effectively enhance aircraft aerodynamic performance over a wider range of flight conditions through structural flexibility. The internal structural layouts and component sizes of a morphing aircraft wing have an impact on aircraft performance i.e. aeroelastic characteristics, mechanical behaviors, and mass. In this paper, a novel design approach is proposed for synthesizing the internal structural layout of a morphing wing. The new internal structures are achieved by using two new design strategies. The first design strategy applies design variables for simultaneous partial topology and sizing optimization while the second design strategy includes nodal positions as design variables. Both strategies are based on a ground structure approach. A multiobjective optimization problem is assigned to optimize the percentage of change in lift effectiveness, buckling factor, and mass of a structure subject to design constraints including divergence and flutter speeds, buckling factors, and stresses. The design problem is solved by using multiobjective population-based incremental learning (MOPBIL). The Pareto optimum results of both strategies lead to different unconventional wing structures which are superior to their conventional counterparts. From the results, the design strategy that uses simultaneous partial topology, sizing, and shape optimization is superior to the others based on a hypervolume indicator. The aeroelastic parameters of the obtained morphing wing subject to external actuating torques are analyzed and it is shown that it is practicable to apply the unconventional wing structures for an aircraft.