一种硅四层键合的高对称电容式加速度传感器

提出了一种利用体微机械加工技术制作的硅四层键合高对称电容式加速度传感器.采用硅/硅直接键合技术实现中间对称梁质量块结构的制作,然后采用硼硅玻璃软化键合方法完成上、下电极的键合.在完成整体结构圆片级真空封装的同时,通过引线腔结构方便地实现了中间电极的引线.传感器芯片大小为6.8mm×5.6mm×1.68mm,其中敏感质量块尺寸为3.2mm×3.2mm×0.84mm.对封装的传感器性能进行了初步测试,结果表明制作的传感器漏率小于0.1×10-9cm3/s,灵敏度约为6pF/g,品质因子为35,谐振频率为489Hz.     

一种用于地震检波器的新型MEMS加速度传感器北大核心

设计了一种新型的可用于地震检波器的三明治结构MEMS电容式加速度传感器,采用四层硅-硅键合技术获得双面梁-质量块结构与圆片级真空封装,其具有大电容、高分辨率的特点。传感器采用悬臂梁结构减少高温键合过程中热蠕变带来性能影响,并具有良好的抗冲击性。传感器芯片体积为6.3 mm×5.6 mm×2.2 mm,其中敏感质量块尺寸为3.3 mm×3.3 mm×1.0 mm。对封装后的传感器性能进行了初步测试,结果表明,制作的传感器灵敏度达24.4 pF/g,谐振频率为808 Hz,Q值为22,在2 000 g,0.5 ms加速度冲击后仍能正常工作。接入闭环电路进行重力场静态翻滚实验标定,传感器二阶非线性小于0.2%,交叉轴敏感度小于0.07%。     

无引线封装高温压力传感器

研究的压力敏感芯片利用单晶硅的压阻效应原理制成;采用绝缘层上硅(SOI)材料取消了敏感电阻之间的pn结,有效减小了漏电,提高了传感器的稳定性;用多层复合电极替代传统的铝电极,并应用高掺杂点电极技术,提高了传感器使用温度。封装时,将硅敏感芯片的正面与硼硅玻璃进行对准气密静电键合;在硼硅玻璃的相应位置加工引线孔,将芯片电极和管壳管脚用烧结的方法实现电连接,形成无引线封装结构。采用无油封装方法,避免了含油封装中硅油耐温能力差的问题。对高温压力敏感芯体结构进行了热应力分析,并对无引线封装方法进行了研究。对研制的无引线封装高温压力传感器进行了性能测试,测试结果与设计相符,其中传感器的测量范围为0~0.7 MPa,非线性优于0.2%FS,工作温度上限可达450℃。     

新型L形梁压阻微加速度传感器

介绍了一种新型的基于MEMS体硅加工工艺的L形粱压阻微加速度传感器.在加工过程中采用Si-Si直接键合完成底板与传感器支撑框体之间的粘合,使得后续加工工艺更加简单;采用DRIE释放梁结构,从而保证了梁结构的完整性.分析了该传感器的结构参数和灵敏度,并用ANSYS进行了有限元模拟,同时介绍了其工艺流程,以及封装后的测试结果.芯片尺寸为3.8 mm×3.8 mm×0.82 mm,其中敏感质量块尺寸为2 mm×2 mm×0.4 mm,梁尺寸为2 200μm×100 μm×40μm.经初步测试,在采用5 V电源供电时灵敏度为0.5 mV/g左右,3 dB截止频率为520 Hz左右.     

一种电容间隙精确可控的高对称加速度传感器

提出了一种高对称电容式微加速度传感器,该传感器为硅四层键合三明治结构,在完成传感器整体结构制作的同时,实现了圆片级真空封装。利用多次氧化的方法,既精确控制了加速度传感器的初始电容间距,又实现了限位凸点的制作。该加速度传感器的谐振频率为657Hz,品质因子为198,灵敏度为0.59V/g。     

圆片级真空封装技术在MEMS陀螺中的应用

为维持MEMS硅微陀螺的真空度,利用两次硅-玻璃阳极键合和真空长期维持技术,实现了MEMS硅微陀螺的圆片级真空气密性封装。制作过程包括:先将硅和玻璃键合,在硅-玻璃衬底上采用DRIE工艺刻蚀出硅振动结构;再利用MEMS圆片级阳极键合工艺在10-5 mbar(1 mbar=100 Pa)真空环境中进行封装;最后利用吸气剂实现圆片的长期真空气密性。经测试,采用这种方式制作出的硅微陀螺键合界面均匀平整无气泡,漏率低于5.0×10-8 atm.cm3/s。对芯片进行陶瓷封装,静态下测试得出品质因数超过12 000,并对样品进行连续一年监测,性能稳定无变化。     

一种MEMS陀螺晶圆级真空封装工艺

为了提高MEMS陀螺的品质因数(Q值),提出了一种晶圆级真空封装工艺。先在陀螺盖帽晶圆上刻蚀出浅腔,然后在浅腔结构上制备钨(W)金属引线,再通过PECVD工艺淀积介质层,在介质层上制备钛/金(Ti/Au)键合环,最后将盖帽晶圆与制备好的结构晶圆完成金硅共晶键合,并利用吸气剂实现晶圆的长久真空封装。经测试,采用本方案的封装的气密性与金属层厚度紧密相关,调整合适的金属层厚度后可使真空泄漏速率小于2.0×10-12 Pa·m~3·s-1。此外,设计了一种特殊的浅腔阵列结构,该结构将金硅键合强度从小于20 MPa提升至大于26 MPa,同时可防止键合时液相合金向外溢流。对陀螺芯片的性能测试表明,该真空封装工艺简单有效,封装气密性良好,Q值高达168 540,满足设计指标要求。     

SOI基底上制备的用于检测机器人手指接触力的微压阻式力传感器

为了使工业机器人可以稳定、高效地完成夹持任务,设计并制备了三种不同结构的微压阻式力传感器。利用热氧化、硼扩散掺杂、光刻、反应离子刻蚀、物理气相沉积和阳极键合等微电子机械系统(MEMS)加工工艺在绝缘体上硅(SOI)基底上制备出了尺寸均为2 mm×2 mm×0.5 mm的三种微压阻式力传感器。通过封装前后对三种传感器在z方向上的应力灵敏度测试,结果表明第二种传感器的灵敏度较佳,封装前可达0.18 mV/mN,封装后仍可达0.096 mV/mN,仅减少了0.084 mV/mN,仍具有良好的线性关系,输出特性的趋势与预计一致。同时,这三种不同结构的传感器各方向之间的串扰均小于5%,非线性小于满量程的3%。通过封装前后力传感器性能对比,为优化此类传感器设计提供了实验数据,为后续配置在机器人的指尖上实现高效、稳定的操作提供了参考。     

MEMS圆片级真空封装金硅键合工艺研究

提出一种适用于微机电系统(MEMS)圆片级真空封装的键合结构,通过比较分析各种键合工艺的优缺点后,选择符合本试验要求的金硅键合工艺.根据所提出键合结构和金硅键合的特点设计键合工艺流程,在多次试验后优化工艺条件.在此工艺条件下,选用三组不同结构参数完成键合试验.之后对比不同的结构参数分别测试其键合质量(包括键合腔体泄漏率...     

用于MEMS器件芯片级封装的金-硅键合技术研究

MEMS器件大都含有可动的硅结构,在器件加工过程中,特别是在封装过程中极易受损,大大影响器件的成品率.如果能在MEMS器件可动结构完成以后,加上一层封盖保护,可以显著提高器件的成品率和可靠性.本文提出了一种用于MEMS芯片封盖保护的金-硅键合新结构,实验证明此方法简单实用,效果良好.该技术与器件制造工艺兼容,键合温度低,有足够的键合强度,不损坏器件结构,实现了MEMS器件的芯片级封装.我们已经将此技术成功地应用于射流陀螺的制造工艺中.     

一种基于硅基MEMS三维异构集成技术的T/R组件

基于硅基微电子机械系统(MEMS)三维异构集成工艺,设计并制作了用于相控阵天线系统的三维堆叠式Ku波段双通道T/R组件。该组件由两层硅基结构通过球栅阵列(BGA)植球堆叠而成,上下两层硅基封装均采用5层硅片通过硅通孔(TSV)、晶圆级键合工艺实现。组件集成了六位数控移相、六位数控衰减、串转并、电源调制、逻辑控制等功能,最终组件尺寸仅为15 mm×8 mm×3.8 mm。测试结果表明,在Ku波段内,该组件发射通道饱和输出功率大于24 dBm,单通道发射增益大于20 dB,接收通道增益大于20 dB,噪声系数小于3.0 dB。该组件性能好,质量轻,体积小,加工精确度高,组装效率高。     

The effect of forming gas anneal on the oxygen content in bonded copper layer

Using a combination of copper (Cu) thermocompression bonding and silicon wafer thinning, a face-to-face silicon bi-layer layer stack is fabricated. The oxygen content in the bonded Cu layer is analyzed using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Copper-covered wafers that are exposed to the air for 12 h and 12 days prior to bonding exhibit 0.08 at.% and 2.96 at.% of oxygen, respectively. However, prebonding forming gas anneal at 150°C for 15 min on 12-day-old Cu wafers successfully reduces the oxygen content in the bonded Cu layer to 0.52 at.%.     

Room-temperature microfluidics packaging using sequential plasma activation process

A sequential plasma activation process consisting of oxygen reactive ion etching (RIE) plasma and nitrogen radical plasma was applied for microfluidics packaging at room temperature. Si/glass and glass/glass wafers were activated by the oxygen RIE plasma followed by nitrogen microwave radicals. Then, the activated wafers were brought into contact in atmospheric pressure air with hand-applied pressure where they remained for 24 h. The wafers were bonded throughout the entire area and the bonding strength of the interface was as strong as the parents bulk wafers without any post-annealing process or wet chemical cleaning steps. Bonding strength considerably increased with the nitrogen radical treatment after oxygen RIE activation prior to bonding. Chemical reliability tests showed that the bonded interfaces of Si/Si could significantly withstand exposure to various microfluidics chemicals. Si/glass and glass/glass cavities formed by the sequential plasma activation process indicated hermetic sealing behavior. SiO/sub x/N/sub y/ was observed in the sequentially plasma-treated glass wafer, and it is attributed to binding of nitrogen with Si and oxygen and the implantation of N/sub 2/ radical in the wafer. High bonding strength observed is attributed to a diffusion of absorbing water onto the wafer surfaces and a reaction between silicon oxynitride layers on the mating wafers. T-shape microfluidic channels were fabricated on glass wafers by bulk micromachining and the sequential plasma-activated bonding process at room temperature.     

Low-Temperature Silicon-to-Silicon Anodic Bonding Using Sodium-Rich Glass for MEMS Applications

In the present work, silicon-to-silicon anodic bonding has been accomplished using an intermediate sodium-rich glass layer deposited by a radiofrequency magnetron sputtering process. The bonding was carried out at low direct-current voltage of about 80 V at 365°C. The alkali ion (sodium) concentration in the deposited film, the surface roughness of the film, and the flatness of the silicon wafers were studied in detail and closely monitored to improve the bond strength of the bonded silicon wafers. The effect of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) on the surface roughness of the deposited film was also investigated. The average roughness of the deposited film was found to be ~6 Å, being reduced to 2 Å after CMP. It was observed that the concentration of sodium ions in the deposited film varied significantly with the sputtering parameters. Scanning electron microscopy was used to obtain cross-sectional images of the bonded pair. The bonding energy of the bonded wafer pair was measured using the crack-opening method. The bonding energy was found to vary from 0.3 J/m² to 2.1 J/m² for different bonding conditions. To demonstrate the application of the process developed, a sealed cavity was created using the silicon-to-silicon anodic bonding technique, which can be used for fabrication of devices such as capacitive pressure sensors and Fabry– Perot-based pressure sensors. Also, a matrix of microwells was fabricated using this technique, which can be used in various biomicroelectromechanical system applications.     

基于探针形式的三维硅微力传感器

为满足三维微力测量的需求,以MEMS体硅压阻工艺技术为基础,研制了一种基于微探针形式,具有μN级三维微力测量和传感能力的半导体压阻式三维微力硅微集成传感器。传感器采用相互迟滞的4个单端固支硅悬臂梁,支撑中间的与微力学探针结合在一起的质量悬块的结构形式,在4mm×4mm的硅基半导体芯片上用MEMS体硅工艺集成而成。通过ANSYS数值仿真的方法分析了三维硅微力传感器结构的应力特点,解决了三维微力之间的相互干扰问题,并对传感器性能进行了测试。结果表明,其X、Z方向的线性灵敏度分别为0.1682、0.0106mV/μN,最大非线性度分别为0.19%FS和1.1%FS。该传感器具有高灵敏度、高可靠性、小体积、低成本等特点。     

电磁驱动柔性振动膜无阀微泵

提出了一种新型微泵设计方案和制作工艺，将电磁驱动器与大振幅振动膜相结合，得到流量大、易于控制的新型微泵。该微泵结构简单，由硅橡胶(聚二甲基硅氧烷PDMS橡胶)振动膜和无阀泵泵体组成，将硅加工工艺和非硅加工工艺(电镀)相结合。采用电镀和硅橡胶加工方法将振动膜直接制作在一个硅片上；用电镀和体硅加工工艺将驱动线圈和无阀泵泵体制作在另一块硅片上，然后将两个硅片键合在一起。对该微泵的性能特点正进行着更深入的研究。     

Laser-assisted bumping for flip chip assembly

A novel laser-assisted chip bumping technique is presented in which bumps are fabricated on a carrier and subsequently transferred onto silicon chips by a laser-driven release process. Copper bumps with gold bonding layers and intermediate nickel barriers are fabricated on quartz wafers with pre-deposited polyimide layers, using UV lithography and electroplating. The bumps are thermosonically bonded to their respective chips and then released from the carrier by laser machining of the polyimide layer, using light incident through the carrier. Bumps of 60 to 85 μm diameter and 50 μm height at a pitch of 127 μm have been fabricated in peripheral arrays. Parallel bonding and subsequent transfer of arrays of 28 bumps onto test chips have been successfully demonstrated. Individual bump shear tests have been performed on a sample of 13 test chips, showing an average bond strength of 26 gf per bump     

C波段单片矢量调制器

报道了Ｃ波段单片矢量调制器的设计和制作。采用双栅场效应晶体管（ＤＧＦＥＴ）放大器作为控制器。偏置电路在芯片内。采用集总薄膜电容、电感、电阻作为匹配元件。采用离子注入、背面通孔接地、空气桥跨接等先进工艺技术。描述了ＤＧＦＥＴ器件Ｓ参数的提取步骤。两路放大器和９０°相移网络制作在３．１５ｍｍ×２．５ｍｍ×０．１ｍｍ的芯片上，同相功分器制作在１．６（１．８）ｍｍ×２．９ｍｍ×０．１ｍｍ的芯片上。电路可获得在０～８７°内连续变化的相移量，输出幅度可控。     

Low temperature glass-to-glass wafer bonding

In this paper, results of successful anodic bonding between glass wafers at low temperature are reported. Prior to bonding, a special technique was used, i.e., an amorphous and hydrogen free silicon film was deposited on one of the glass wafers using a sputtering technique. The effects of bonding temperature and voltage were investigated. The bonding temperature and the voltage applied ranged from 200/spl deg/C to 300/spl deg/C and 200 V to 1000 V, respectively. As the bonding temperature and bonding voltage increased, both the unbonded area and the size of voids decreased. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations show that the two glass wafers are tightly bonded. The bond strength is higher than 10 MPa for all the bonding conditions. Furthermore, the bond strength increases with increasing bonding temperature and voltage. The study indicates that high temperature and voltage cause more Na/sup +/ ions to neutralize at the negative electrode, which leads to higher charge density inside the glass wafer. Furthermore, the transition period to the equilibrium state also becomes shorter. It is concluded that the anodic bonding mechanisms involve both oxidation of silicon film and the hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl groups.     

Silicon layer transfer using wafer bonding and debonding

Two experiments were performed that demonstrate an extension of the ion-cut layer transfer technique where a polymer is used for planarization and bonding. In the first experiment hydrogen-implanted silicon wafers were deposited with two to four microns low-temperature plasma-enhanced tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). The wafers were then bonded to a second wafer, which had been coated with a spin-on polymer. The bonded pairs were heated to the ion-cut temperature resulting in the transfer of a 400 nm layer silicon. The polymer enabled the bonding of an unprocessed silicon wafer to the as-deposited TEOS with a microsurface roughness larger than 10 nm, while the TEOS provided sufficient stiffness for ion cut. In the second experiment, an intermediate transfer wafer was patterned and vias were etched through the wafer using a 25% tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution and nitride as masking material. The nitride was then stripped using dilute hydrofluoric acid (HF). The transfer wafer was then bonded to an oxidized (100 nm) hydrogen-implanted silicon wafer. After ion-cut annealing a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer was produced on the transfer wafer. The thin silicon layer of the SOI structure was then bonded to a third wafer using a spin-on polymer as the bonding material. The sacrificial oxide layer was then etched away in HF, freeing the thin silicon from the transfer wafer. The result produced a thin silicon-on-polymer structure bonded to the third wafer. These results demonstrate the feasibility of transferring a silicon layer from a wafer to a second intermediate “transfer” or “universal” reusable substrate. The second transfer step allows the thin silicon layer to be subsequently bonded to a potential third device wafer followed by debonding of the transfer wafer creating stacked three-dimensional structures.