改性2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑固化剂的胶囊化研究

利用正丁基缩水甘油醚(BGE)对2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑(EMZ)进行了改性,合成了含有羟基的EMZ固化剂(M-EMZ).以所合成的M-EMZ为芯材、以聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)为壁材,采用乳液-溶剂蒸发技术,成功制备了M-EMZ固化剂微胶囊.该固化剂微胶囊均具有规则的球形,粒径分布较窄,平均粒径约为25μm.所制备的固化剂微胶囊具有优良的固化活性、释放性能和潜伏性能,可以在100℃下使E-51环氧树脂在2h内固化且室温储存期在3个月以上.     

潜伏性热释放2PZ-PS-co-MAA微胶囊固化剂的制备与性能

以2-苯基咪唑(2PZ)为芯材,苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸共聚物(PS-co-MAA)为壁材,采用溶剂挥发技术,成功地制备了一种新型潜伏性热释放2PZ-PS-co-MAA微胶囊固化剂。通过红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、热重分析仪(TGA)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、粒度分析仪和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对微胶囊固化剂的化学结构、芯材含量、表面形貌、粒径分布及固化性能等进行了表征。所制备的微胶囊固化剂表面光滑,粒径分布较窄,平均粒径约为15.60μm,壁材厚度约为0.5μm,芯材2PZ含量约为39.19%。由微胶囊固化剂与环氧树脂E-51制备的单组分胶粘剂,具有优良的固化特性和潜伏性能,可在100℃,30 min内实现固化,室温储存期可达32 d以上。     

硫醇@三聚氰胺甲醛树脂/环氧树脂固化剂的制备及性能表征

采用三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂(PMF)为壁材,三羟甲基丙烷三(3-巯基丙酸酯)(TMPMP)作为芯材,原位乳液聚合法制备了硫醇@三聚氰胺甲醛树脂(TMPMP@PMF)微胶囊固化剂。研究了乳化剂种类及用量,囊壁质量比,反应温度,反应时间,pH值对合成TMPMP@PMF微胶囊粒径及稳定性等影响。结果表明:当反应乳液中芯材的质量分数达到2wt%,同时芯材与壁材的单体质量比达到2∶1时,能制备出粒径在大约100μm,粒径均匀的TMPMP@PMF微胶囊。TMPMP@PMF微胶囊的结构稳定,耐热性好,并且呈闭孔结构。采用TMPMP@PMF微胶囊为固化剂,与环氧树脂(EP)基体混合配制成压敏型TMPMP@PMF/EP固化剂,发现微胶囊结构在受到外力作用时能及时破裂,室温甚至低温下都能短时间使环氧树脂固化,并且能够很好地改善固化剂的抗冲击性能。     

E-51环氧树脂微胶囊的制备与表征

以脲醛树脂为囊壁,双酚A型环氧树脂(E-51)和正丁基缩水甘油醚(BGE)混合物为囊芯,采用两步原位聚合法合成了脲醛树脂包覆环氧树脂体系的微胶囊,并对其进行了检测和表征。采用金相显微镜(MS)观测微胶囊的形成过程;采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察微胶囊的表面形貌;采用红外光谱(FT-IR)分析判定微胶囊成分结构;应用热重分析(TGA)测试微胶囊的热稳定性。结果表明,制备的微胶囊包覆完整、形状基本呈球形、表面粗糙致密,粒径大小分布为5~70μm,平均粒径约为37μm,囊芯质量含量大约为71.6%。在200℃以下时具有良好的热稳定性。     

不同分散手段和反应条件对合成酚醛环氧树脂微胶囊的影响

以交联后的酚醛环氧树脂作为囊壁,溶有分散蓝的二芳基乙烷作为囊芯,通过界面聚合法制备了酚醛环氧树脂微胶囊.探讨了反应过程中电动搅拌和高速分散对微胶囊合成的影响,并使用扫描电镜和激光粒度仪对微胶囊表面形貌、结构、囊壁厚度和粒径分布进行了表征和测试.通过调节电动搅拌机转动速度,能够制得粒径100～500μm的微胶囊;通过高速分散器分散乳液,调节不同反应时间和温度,可制得粒径10～100μm的微胶囊.制得的微胶囊粒径分布均匀,密封性好,囊壁厚度在50nm左右.     

环氧树脂-脲醛树脂@2-甲基咪唑微胶囊/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及自修复性能

以一步原位聚合法制备芯材为环氧树脂（E-51）,壁材为脲醛树脂（UF）的E-51-UF微胶囊。采用FTIR、SEM、TG、粒度分析仪等分别对E-51-UF微胶囊结构、表面形貌、耐热性和粒径分布进行了表征。以E-51-UF微胶囊为核,固化剂2-甲基咪唑（2-MI）为壳通过共混复合,得到E-51-UF@2-MI复合微胶囊。将E-51-UF@2-MI微胶囊填充到E-51基体中,制备了E-51-UF@2-MI微胶囊/E-51复合材料拉伸试样、弯曲试样和梯形双悬臂梁（TDCB）修复试样,并采用电子万能试验机测试其性能。分析了填充E-51-UF@2-MI微胶囊质量分数对E-51-UF@2-MI微胶囊/E-51复合材料力学性能及自修复性能的影响。结果表明:制备的E-51-UF微胶囊呈现规整球形结构,平均粒径为130 μm,耐热温度达364℃;E-51-UF@2-MI复合微胶囊质量分数为10wt%时,E-51-UF@2-MI微胶囊/E-51复合材料拉伸强度达到最大值,为31.17 MPa,弯曲强度为66.77 MPa,最大修复率为90.1%。      

原位聚合法制备相变储热微胶囊

以三聚氰胺-甲醛为壁材,十二醇为囊芯,采用原位聚合法制备了相变储热微胶囊。采用SEM、DSC、FTIR、激光粒径分布仪等测试仪器分别测定微胶囊形态、热性能、化学成分以及粒径分布;采用光学显微镜二次聚焦法测定微胶囊的壁厚,并讨论微胶囊壁厚的影响因素。实验结果表明,当壁材／芯材用量比为1：2时,在3000r／min的乳化转速下乳化10min,80℃时固化1h制备的微胶囊粒径分布均匀,平均粒径〈10μm,且表面光洁;微胶囊壁厚随乳化转数增加而减小,而囊芯比对壁厚影响并不显著;DSC显示相变材料微胶囊化后并不影响其相变点,相变储热效果明显。     

自修复环氧胶粘剂分子设计

在自修复聚合物复合材料中,修复剂黏度和高聚物强度是保证自修复过程实现的重要因素。文中以合成用于自修复材料的环氧树脂微胶囊为目的,在双酚A型环氧树脂(E-51)中加入稀释剂正丁基缩水甘油醚(BGE)降低黏度,采用傅里叶红外(FT-IR)分析稀释剂对环氧胶粘剂与微胶囊咪唑类固化剂交联反应的影响,表征了在固化过程中稀释剂参与环氧胶粘剂与咪唑类固化剂的交联反应;使用差示扫描量热(DSC)技术对该固化反应进行动力学研究,确定出稀释剂的最佳用量;通过拉伸实验测定了环氧树脂固化产物的强度,表明BGE的加入增强了环氧树脂的胶粘性能。     

新型水性环氧树脂体系的研究

利用迈克尔加成原理,以丙酮为分散介质,以环氧树脂E-44、二乙烯三胺、丙烯氰为原料合成一种水性胺固化剂,以环氧树脂E-20、聚乙二醇和丁二酸酐为原料合成一种水性环氧树脂.探讨了不同的分散介质、催化剂、单体配比对合成及乳液稳定性的影响,研究了不同的配比对固化物力学性能和漆膜性能的影响.     

一种非致命新概念武器的可行性研究

以高吸水树脂为芯材、石蜡为壁材,用熔化分散冷凝法制备了蜡壁高吸水树脂微胶囊.在对所制备的微胶囊的表观形貌、粒径及其分布、密度和吸水性能等物化性能进行分析的基础上,通过实验证明,该微胶囊具有能悬浮在水中、囊壁在遇热时可立即熔化、囊芯可迅速吸水并堵塞管道的功能,能够满足针对舰艇反物质非致命新概念武器的工作要求.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to