Wetting of Hot-Pressed Aluminum Borides and Borocarbides by Molten Aluminum and Copper

The sessile drop method has been used to determine the temperature dependence of the wetting of boride and borocarbide phases by molten aluminum and copper. Hot-pressed substrates have been used made of aluminum boride and borocarbides, which are well wetted by aluminum above 1000°C. Aluminum borocarbide phases are not wetted by copper under these conditions. The temperature dependence is derived for the synthesis of finely divided aluminum boride and borocarbide powders from simple substances. Details are given of the nucleation and formation of an aluminum phase containing boron. The aluminum borides and borocarbides are formed not as a result of boration of the metal lattice (which occurs in the synthesis of transition-metal borides) but by metallation (alumination) of the boron lattice.     

Wettability of silicon carbide ceramic by Al2O3/Dy2O3 and Al2O3/Yb2O3 systems

Wettability is an important phenomenon in the liquid phase sintering of silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics. This work involved a study of the wetting of SiC ceramics by two oxide systems, Al₂O₃ /Dy₂O₃ and Al₂O₃ /Yb₂O₃, which have so far not been studied for application in the sintering of SiC ceramics. Five mixtures of each system were prepared, with different compositions close to their respective eutectic ones. Samples of the mixtures were pressed into cylindrical specimens, which were placed on a SiC plate and subjected to temperatures above their melting points using a graphite resistance furnace. The behavior of the melted mixtures on the SiC plate was observed by means of an imaging system using a CCD camera and the sessile drop method was employed to determine the contact angle, the parameter that measures the degree of wettability. The results of variation in the contact angle as a function of temperature were plotted in graphic form which showed that the curves displayed a fast decline and good spreading. All the samples of the two systems presented final contact angles of 40° to 10° indicating their good wetting on SiC in the argon atmosphere. The melted/solidified area and interface between SiC and melted/solidified phase were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and their crystalline phases were identified by X-ray diffraction (DRX). The DRX analysis showed that Al₂O₃ and RE₂O₃ reacted and formed the Dy₃Al₅O₁₂ (DyAg) and Yb₃Al₅O₁₂ (YbAg) phases. The results indicated that the two systems had a promising potential as additives for the sintering of SiC ceramics.     

Al_2O_3预包覆尖晶石LiMn_2O_4的电化学性能

将Li2CO3和电解二氧化锰混合球磨,得到尖晶石(LiMn2O4,简称为LMO)的前驱体,采用化学沉积法在前驱体的预烧产物表面包覆Al(OH)3,然后在750℃/6h条件下煅烧,得到Al2O3/LiMn2O4复合粉末(称为Al2O3预包覆,包覆粉末记为P-LMO);同时采用传统方法,在前驱体的煅烧产物(LiMn2O4粉末)表面包覆Al(OH)3,然后在300℃/3h条件下热处理,得到Al2O3/LiMn2O4复合粉末(称为煅烧包覆,复合粉末记为C-LMO),对这2种包覆法制备的Al2O3/LiMn2O4复合粉末的物相结构、形貌、包覆层的厚度与粒度分布等进行对比分析,并对包覆粉末进行电化学性能测试。结果表明,Al2O3均匀地包覆在LiMn2O4的表面,包覆层厚度约为10nm;Al2O3/LiMn2O4复合粉末的晶格常数随Al2O3包覆量增加而增加;预包覆粉末颗粒呈类球形,平均粒径(0.3μm)明显小于煅烧包覆的平均粒径(0.5μm);预包覆粉末的Al2O3包覆层能有效减少循环过程中电荷转移阻抗的增加,并减少Mn的溶解,其循环性能优于煅烧包覆粉末。在3.2~4.5V的充放电区间内,Al2O3包覆量(摩尔分数)为2%的预包覆LiMn2O4材料显示出优良的电化学性能,55℃下0.1C的首次放电容量为114.0(mA·h)/g,0.5C倍率下50次循环后容量保持率为87.3%。     

MgO基和Al2O3基耐火材料对钢中夹杂物的影响

利用大样电解、图像分析、扫描电镜和能谱分析等检测手段研究了82B钢种选用Al2O3-MgO、MgO-Al2O3和MgO-CaO炉衬在1450 ℃保持80 min后生成的夹杂物种类和变化.结果表明,采用Al2O3-MgO作内衬时冶炼后钢中夹杂物的数量增加了近50%,夹杂物的尺寸大(100～900 μm)且硬度很高,夹杂物的主要成分为SiO2和Al2O3;以MgO-Al2O3作内衬时夹杂物数量略有降低(30%),尺寸(80～450 μm)和硬度相对较小,其主要成分为SiO2、MnO、CaO和MgO;而MgO-CaO材料对去除钢中夹杂物(降低70%)和降低其尺寸(30～350 μm)有明显效果,且夹杂物的硬度很小,其主要成分为CaO、Al2O3、SiO2和FeO.采用MgO-CaO材料时夹杂物的尺寸最小、数量最少,对钢水洁净度的贡献最大.     

氧化模板在电子铝箔腐蚀中的应用

通过控制铝多孔氧化膜的孔径及分布,获得了适合铝电解电容器发孔的氧化铝模板;通过减薄阻挡层厚度工艺及腐蚀工艺的调整,获得了孔洞分布均匀的腐蚀箔,为开发高容量节能铝电容器新腐蚀工艺提供了新思路。     

Phase diagram of the Al2O3-ZrO2-Sm2O3 system. II. Liquidus surface

A projection has been constructed for the liquidus surface on the plane of the concentration triangle for the Al₂O₃-ZrO₂-Sm₂O₃ phase diagram. There are no ternary compounds, or appreciable regions of solid solutions based on the components and the binary compounds. The liquidus surface is formed by nine fields of primary phase crystallization. There are five four-phase nonvariant peritectic equilibria, as well as two four-phase nonvariant eutectic equilibria, and one three-phase nonvariant eutectic equilibrium. As the ZrO₂ and SmAlO₃ phases interact with other phases by a eutectic mechanism, it is possible to combine the unique properties of the T and F solid solutions based on ZrO₂ with the properties of the other phases in the form of composites. __________ Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Nos. 3–4(448), pp. 28–35, March–April, 2006.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定玻璃产品中Co_2O_3,CuO和NiO

采用HF分解玻璃基体硅酸盐,在稀盐酸、高氯酸介质中以空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收法直接连续测定玻璃产品中Co2O3,CuO和NiO,样品的加标回收率为96.4%～106%,RSD在1.18%～5.18%范围。     

Effect of Y2O3 and Dy2O3 on Microstructure and Mechanical Behaviors of Aluminum Nitride Ceramics

The effects of two types of additives, Y2O3 and Dy2O3, on the sintering and mechanical behaviors of AlN ceramics were investigated. The experimental results show that the sintering temperature can be decreased and the mechanical behavior can be improved by adding rare earth in AlN ceramics. The strength of AlN ceramics with Y2O3 and Dy2O3 are 326 and 320 MPa, respectively, which are 97.6% and 93.9% higher than the un-doped AlN ceramics. The fracture behavior on the fracture surfaces of rare earth oxide AlN ceramics was found to be a mixed mode of transgranular fracture and intergranular fracture. As a result, it is concluded that the improvement of bending strength of AlN ceramics with Y2O3 and Dy2O3 addition are mainly achieved by strengthening the grain boundary.     

V2O3系PTC陶瓷材料的研究进展

PTC陶瓷材料是一种在基础科学和应用领域有着极为广泛用途的电子材料,可被用于自动调节加热器、温度传感器、保护和延时开关等工业产品.与其他PTC陶瓷材料相比,V2O3系PTC陶瓷材料在常态下有比较低的电导率和大的通流能力,其PTC效应来源于金属-绝缘体相变诱发的体效应,相变中没有晶体结构的变化,可用作过电流保护.通过改变掺杂浓度、温度、压力等因素,V2O3系PTC陶瓷材料会发生顺磁金属相和顺磁绝缘相的相变,这被认为是一个典型的由电子强关联作用引起的莫特转变,因此V2O3系PTC陶瓷材料可以为许多理论模型和实验手段提供一个检验平台.相对于其他PTC材料,V2O3系陶瓷材料的PTC效应来源于一种体效应,其PTC特性不受电压和频率的影响.由于相变过程中有电导的变化,可以作为导电材料来改善高温下锂离子电池的安全性能.简单介绍了PTC陶瓷材料的研究背景及分类,总结了V2O3系PTC陶瓷材料的产生机制、主要特点、影响因素和制备方法,并展望了V2O3系PTC陶瓷材料的应用前景及发展趋势.     

NiFe2O4-NiO复合陶瓷的熔盐腐蚀行为

采用气氛烧结技术制备NiFe2O4-xNiO复合陶瓷材料(x为复合陶瓷中NiO的质量分数,％.x-0、5、10、17、25),并以该材料作阳极进行960℃的铝电解实验.分析烧结体的显微结构和物相组成以及电解试样的表层形貌与成分,研究NiO的添加对NiFe2O4陶瓷烧结性能和电解腐蚀性能的影响,并对该材料的烧结机制和熔盐腐蚀行为进行探讨.结果表明:氮气气氛下1 300℃烧结的NiFe2O4-NiO复合陶瓷存在NiO和NiFe2O4两种物相,NiO相含量高于理论值;NiFe2O4陶瓷的相对密度为98.54％,添加NiO后复合陶瓷材料的相对密度有所下降,但仍保持在95％以上;电解过程中阳极表面形成不含NiO相的致密保护层,阻止电解质熔盐的渗透;保护层厚50～80 μm,为含Al的尖晶石NiFe2O4相;随着NiO含量增加,阳极表面的致密层变得越发不平整.     

Effect of Gd2O3 and La2O3 on BaTiO3 -Based Ceramics

The addition of rare-earth oxides Gd2O3 and La2O3 to BaTiO3-based ceramics can restrain the growth of grain size, which obtained small grain size below 1 μm and high density. The dielectric constant at room temperature increased and the curve of ε-T was flattened which illustrated that the ferroelectricity of BaTiO3-based ceramics was weakened. In addition, it is illustrated that Gd2O3 leads to chemical nonhomogeneous property, i.e. core-shell structure and La2 O3 leads to chemical homogenous property, which take different effects on capacitance- temperature characteristic.     

原子吸收法测定氧化铝中氧化钠方法的改进

氧化铝中氧化钠含量的测定,一般采用加入正丁醇作为增感剂,然后用原子吸收火焰光度法测定,该方法除测定周期长外,正丁醇对人体健康有极大危害。文章提出了不加正丁醇而采用高灵敏度原子吸收光谱仪直接测定氧化铝中氧化钠含量的改进方法,结果表明：改进后的方法稳定性、重现性都与传统方法一样,而且缩短了测量时间,减少了有机试剂对环境的影响,适合批量检测工作的分析需求。     

Dynamic Wetting of High-Al Steel by CaO-SiO2- and CaO-Al2O3-Based Mold Fluxes

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - Wetting of steel by mold fluxes affects the surface quality of steel products. Reaction between [Al] and mold fluxes in the continuous casting of...     

钾冰晶石—氧化钪体系中铝热还原反应过程的研究

在钾冰晶石—氧化钪熔盐中,采用铝热还原和直接电解制备铝钪合金。在引入Al3Sc相生成自由能并考虑活度后,热力学计算表明,铝热还原氧化钪反应在本试验条件下可以发生。750℃在K3AlF6-2%Sc2O3(CR=1.22)熔盐中,电解制备的合金中钪含量可达0.97%,而铝热还原反应所获合金中钪含量小于0.18%,且随反应时间的延长和熔盐中氧化钪浓度的增加,合金钪含量的增幅趋缓。电解合金中钪分布均匀,而铝热还原合金中钪主要存在于边缘区域。     

MgO基和Al2O3基耐火材料对钢中磷的影响

探讨了MgO-CaO、MgO-Al2O3和Al2O3-MgO耐火材料对82B钢中磷的影响。利用化学分析、图像分析、扫描电镜和能谱分析等检测手段测定了82B钢水在中频炉中经1450℃熔炼80min后耐火材料内衬成分变化及钢中磷的变化，还探讨了MgO-Ca0材料的脱磷机理。结果表明，MgO-CaO材料中的游离CaO能吸附钢中磷，达到脱磷效果，其中CaO含量30％的材料脱磷效果最佳达61％。     

Catalytic Synthesis of Tert-Butyl Acetate by Nd2O3/Al2O3-Nd2O3/ZnO

Nd2O3 was used to support Al2O3 and ZnO to prepare a supported solid base catalyst and investigate the effect of catalyst and reaction conditions on the synthesis of tert-butyl acetate. The composited oxide of Nd2O3/Al2O3-Nd2O3/ZnO exhibited excellent catalytic activity for the synthsis of tert-butyl acetate. The molar ratio of tert-butanol to acetic anhydride is 31, the catalyst in total amount of reactant nearly 0.5%, and reaction time 6 h. With the above conditions, yield of the reaction could reach to 65%. The structure of product were verified by the FT-IR, Element analysis, and MS, which proved that the product was tert-butyl acetate.