基于点云数据NURBS曲面重构技术探究

通过研究NURBS曲面重构算法,分析了多种应用软件曲面重构方法并根据古建筑保护测量获取到点云数据的特点,对非均匀分布的型值点采用NURBS曲线曲面节点插入算法生成呈四边域分布的控制点矩阵,运用OpenGL在C#环境下进行了虚拟显示.     

基于散乱点云数据的曲面重构方法

散乱点云的三维重构有广阔的应用前景,通用高效的重构算法是研究重点之一,目前大多采用三角面片重构,与通用CAD/CAM系统中的四边域重构不兼容。本文提出一种在三角域上对散乱点云数据进行NURBS曲面重构的方法,结合了三角面片重构的灵活性与NURBS曲面重构的通用性。首先对测量点     

N边域大区域曲面逼近及其裁剪计算技术

针对反求工程中出现的N边域问题,提出一种用大四边域曲面进行曲面逼近,再对其进行裁剪计算的N边域填充方法.在N边域周围曲面上构造曲线,对周围各曲面逐一裁剪后得到一个包含N边域在内的空间大四边形区域.将周围曲面分别进行均匀离散化得到大区域内完整的离散约束点,拟合一张B样条曲面,使得它插值于大区域边界处的离散位置和法矢约束,并且逼近大区域内的所有约束点.将大区域曲面进行裁剪得到用于填充N边域的裁剪曲面,并以大区域曲面为基准对周围各曲面进行重逼近,使得填充后模型各曲面之间达到近似G1连续,同时在整体上保持了模型原有的拓扑结构.     

曲面测量方法研究

采用NURBS方法对曲面进行了描述，建立了复杂曲面统一的数学模型。探讨了应用三坐标测量机对加工曲面进行有效测量的方法，提出了运用自适应规划的原理进行测量网格的划分方法和加工曲面是否合格的判定依据，提出了限定最小不合格区域的网格生成方法。对复杂曲面的数控加工和测量具有一定的参考价值。     

基于解析解的四阶PDE曲面裁剪方法

该文提出了一种可以广泛应用于四阶PDE曲面的裁剪方法。利用PDE的参数域内的曲线在曲面上投影,得到所求裁剪曲面的边界曲线,然后通过边界曲线的导矢与曲面在边界曲线处的法向量得到边界曲线处的跨界导矢,最后以求得的裁剪曲面的边界曲线以及裁剪曲面在边界曲线处的跨界导矢为PDE曲面的边界条件,用四阶的PDE曲面方程求得PDE裁剪曲面。     

一种等距曲面求交的新算法

参照了等值线的方法，采用先确定交线拓扑结构，然后进行跟踪的方法，来进行参数曲面的等距曲面鲁棒、精确和高效的求交计算，采用该方法，可以直接得到交线在两张原曲面参数域上的轨迹，而不需要进行等距曲面的逼近或从三维交线反求参数域上的轨迹，并且交线都以定义在[0，1]上的参数曲线的形式给出，数值实验证明，算法可以有效地解决等距曲面求交的子环遗漏、分支跳跃、乱序跟踪等问题，精确鲁棒地计算出交线。     

基于逆向工程的翻领成型器工作曲面快速测量及重构

根据逆向工程的思路，针对翻领成型器工作曲面的特点，用B样条曲线拟合工作曲面的上下边界曲线，然后利用单线性面插值重构出整个工作曲面。在拟合边界曲线时。先利用结构光方法快速测量得到数据反求出B样条曲线的控制多边形，然后通过B样条控制多边形求出完整的边界曲线。     

G~1不规则域曲面的构造与多曲面片交角处的光滑过渡

本文给出了一种Ｇ１不规则域曲面的构造方法。利用该方法构造的不规则戏曲面能与所邻接的任何类型的曲面达到Ｇ１光滑拼接，从而较好地解决了曲面造型系统中多曲面片交角处的光滑过渡问题。     

基于截面特征相容的曲面约束重构

为了从点云中重建高品质的曲面模型,提出一种基于截面特征相容的曲面重构方法.该方法将由点云切片获取的截面曲线分层次表达为直线、圆弧、B样条等基本曲线元和特征点的集合,并基于曲线微分几何属性,建立截面曲线特征点对应的数学模型,采用动态规划法求解并确定其初始对应关系,以曲线元特征匹配准则优化对应,逐步确立截面曲线间的特征对应关系,将特征对应关系映射为参数对应即可利用成熟算法逼近生成蒙皮曲面.实例表明,该算法获取的曲面模型不但满足精度和光顺性要求,而且忠实地反映了原始物理样件所蕴含的特征信息.     

网格与曲面间的误差分析

对逆向工程中网格与曲面间的误差分析进行研究,提出利用空间KD-tree实现海量网格模型与多张复杂曲面进行匹配的算法,结合基于KD-tree树的离散细分方法和三角网格的邻接拓补关系确定Newton-Rephson迭代算法的初始值,并在曲面参数域上通过三角化处理曲面的误差边界,在空间域上进行误差彩色云图的绘制.     

论表面自由能和表面张力

在物理化学的教科书中,有些是把表面自由能和表面张力分开讲,有些是把表面自由能和表面张力合在一起讲,同学们在学习中,比较容易接受表面自由能的概念,而对表面张力的概念比较模糊,尤其对表面张力的方向,不大容易理解,然而,表面自由能和表面张力是表面化学中非常重要的物理量,因此,有必要对其作些讨论.     

园锥面与园柱面交线的展平线

本文给出了工程技术中常用的锥面上一类曲线的展平方程,供机械制造工艺钣金加工应用.     

一种快速分析面面结构电磁辐射特性算法

应用自适应积分方法(AIM)快速分析面面结构的电磁辐射特性.对含有线和面的复杂结构,需引入特殊的基函数来处理连接处迅速变化的电流.为了简化模型,以无厚度的细带代替圆柱线,统一使用RWG基函数建立面面连接模型;然后应用AIM加速迭代求解矩阵和矢量相乘,并稀疏存储阻抗矩阵.与传统矩量法相比,该方法大大降低了内存需求和计算时间.利用预条件技术进一步降低了迭代次数和求解时间.最后,通过3个典型算例的数值结果验证了该方法的准确性和高效性.     

Liquid droplet movement on horizontal surface with gradient surface energy

A surface with gradient surface energy was fabricated on a silicon wafer by using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technology with the dodecyltrichlorosilane (C12H25Cl3Si) vapor which was adsorbed chemically on the surface of the silicon wafer to form a self-assemble monolayer (ASM) and thus a gradient profile of wettability. The microscopic contours of the gradient surface were measured with Seiko SPA400 atom force microscope (AFM). And the surface wettability profile was characterized by the sessile drop method, measuring the contact angle of fine water droplets that lay on the gradient surface, to represent the distribution of the surface energy on the surface. Using a high-speed video imaging system, the motion of water droplet on the horizontal gradient surface was visualized and the transient velocity was measured under ambient condition. The experimental results show that the liquid droplets can be driven to move from hydrophobic side to hydrophilic side on the horizontal gradient surface and the velocity of droplet can reach up to 40 mm/s. In addition, the motion of the water droplet can be generally divided into two stages: an acceleration stage and a deceleration stage. The droplet presents a squirming movement on the surface with a lower peak velocity and a larger extent of deceleration motion. And the static advancing contact angle of the droplet is obviously larger than the dynamic advancing contact angle on the gradient energy surface.     

Characters of surface deformation and surface wave in thermal capillary convection

In the field of fluid mechanics, free surface phenomena is one of the most important physical processes. In the present research work, the surface deformation and surface wave caused by temperature difference of sidewalls in a rectangular cavity have been investigated. The horizontal cross-section of the container is 52 mm×42 mm, and there is a silicon oil layer of height 3.5 mm in the experimental cavity. Temperature differ- ence between the two side walls of the cavity is increased gradually, and the flow on the liquid layer will develop from stable convection to un-stable convection. An optical diag- nostic system consisting of a modified Michelson interferometer and image processor has been developed for study of the surface deformation and surface wave of thermal capillary convection. The Fourier transformation method is used to interferometer fringe analysis. The quantitative results of surface deformation and surface wave have been calculated from a serial of the interference fringe patterns. The characters of surface deformation and surface wave have been obtained. They are related with temperature gradient and surface tension. Surface deformation is fluctuant with time, which shows the character of surface wave. The cycle period of the wave is 4.8 s, and the amplitudes are from 0 to 0.55 μm. The phase of the wave near the cool side of the cavity is opposite and correlative to that near the hot side. The present experiment proves that the surface wave of thermal capillary convection exists on liquid free surface, and it is wrapped in surface deformation.     

基于预计的21132工作面地表移动观测站设计

本文针对21132工作面的实际地形情况,合理地布设了地表移动观测站,探讨地表移动变形特征和地表移动的规律,并对设计方向观测线做出了近似预计.在预计的特征点周围适当增加变形监测点,确定最佳方向观测线设计方案以便获得更加准确和详细的数据.     

Size-dependent elastic properties of thin films: surface anisotropy and surface bonding

Surface eigenstress and eigendisplacement models were used to investigate the surface stress,surface relaxation and surface elasticity of thin films with different surface orientations.Molecular dynamics simulations and first-principles calculations were conducted on face-centered cubic Au films with the focus on relaxation induced nonlinear initial deformation.The simulation results verify the theoretical predictions of the size dependency of surface energy density and surface stress,and the nonlinear scaling law of the size-dependent Young’s modulus of thin films.The mechanism of the size-dependent behaviors was further explored at the atomic bonding level with the charge density field.The Au atomic bonding at surfaces is enhanced compared to its interior counterpart and therefore the nominal Young’s modulus of the Au thin films is larger when the film thickness is smaller.     

The fabrication of microstructure surface of super-hydrophobic coating by surface gelation technology

The microstructured surface of materials were fabricated by a two-step acid-base catalyzed sol-gel process. In fluorinated polymer with PTFE doping, the well-proportioned composite sols were prepared using sol-gel processing under the hydrochloric acid and deficiency of water conditions. After the substrate was coated by composite sols, and the gelation treatment on the surface of composite coating, the micrometer-scale and nanometer-scale hierarchical structures were formed in surface layer of material. XPS and TEM technologies were employed to identify that the gelation occurs just on the surface of composite coating. The morphology of coating surface was observed by SEM and AFM technologies. The microstructured surface of material can be fabricated using this inexpensive and easily controlled method on low surface energy resin materials, the super-hydrophobic coatings materials can be prepared.     

正弦直纹曲面的研究

首次命名二元函数z=xy/x^2＋y^2为正弦直纹曲面,用同心圆柱面截痕法和平面截痕法对它的图形进行了形象的描述,揭示了它的正弦和直纹这两个特征,研究了正弦直纹曲面的间断点和偏导数等数学性质,介绍了动态演示该曲面的课件．给出了3点结论：（1）同心圆柱面截痕法是研究正弦直纹曲面的一种形象直观的方法：（2）此种截痕法适合于分析其他各类正弦曲面;（3）此种截痕法进而可以引申为同心椭圆柱面截痕法,使其有更广泛的应用．