基于SMIC 0.13μm CIS工艺的单光子TOF传感器像素设计

设计了一种基于SMIC 0.13μm CIS工艺的单光子飞行时间(TOF)传感器像素结构。针对传统单光子雪崩二极管(SPAD)结构的不足,采用p阱和STI共同作为保护环,避免器件提前发生边缘击穿从而减小器件面积,增加深n阱使有源区耗尽层变窄,从而降低雪崩击穿电压,增加硅外延层将器件的光谱响应峰值转移到所需要的光波长,以此提高器件对指定波长光的吸收能力。通过浮动SPAD阳极电压的方式,采用低压CMOS晶体管实现主动式淬灭电路从而快速地控制雪崩电流淬灭,以达到缩短死区时间的目的。通过SILVACO TCAD和Cadence IC设计套件对工艺、像素器件结构以及相关电路进行仿真,验证了该设计的可行性。     

单光子探测器SPICE模型及主被动混合淬灭电路研究

单光子雪崩光电二极管(SPAD)是目前激光测距领域常见的单光子探测器。针对SPAD在单光子探测应用中的高速淬灭问题,设计了一种可以快速淬灭雪崩电流、缩短偏置电压恢复时间的主被动混合淬灭电路。根据实际使用的SPAD器件相关性能参数,建立了SPAD的SPICE模型;使用被动淬灭电路对该模型进行验证,证实了该模型的准确性和实用性;结合SPICE模型,通过计算机仿真技术对主被动混合淬灭电路进行了参数调整和功能验证。结果表明,所设计电路的淬灭时间和恢复时间分别达到200和400ps,满足单光子激光测距的应用需求。该混合淬灭电路结构简单,可以用于全集成单光子阵列探测器的相关研究。     

一种特别适用于片上LDO系统的过流保护电路

依据电压比较器高低电平判决的基本原理,结合精确电流采样支路,设计了一种固定限流装置。此外,通过第二条电流采样支路,达到返送(foldback)功能,使得短路电流不到最大负载电流的10%,有效降低了LDO(LowDrop-out)系统的过流关断功耗。基于CZ6H 0.35μm标准CMOS工艺,应用Cadence工具进行仿真,结果显示,该过流保护电路可以把稳压器的最大输出电流限定在300mA,输出短路电流不到20mA,在无片外电容的条件下,系统表现出良好的瞬态响应效果;此外,该过流保护模块非常易于调节来适应于不同的标准输出电压。     

一种瞬态增强的无片外电容LDO设计

针对无片外电容型低压差线性稳压器(LDO)瞬态响应差的问题,基于40 nm CMOS工艺设计了一种带瞬态负载变化感知的无片外电容型LDO电路。采用有源前馈频率补偿,实现了电路稳定;瞬变检测电路感应负载的变化,为功率管栅极提供充、放电通路,减弱了输出电压波动。仿真结果表明,负载电流在0~100 mA范围内,该LDO的输出过冲电压和下冲电压分别为100 mV和140 mV,稳定时间在1 μs以内。全负载电流范围内,瞬态性能大幅提升。     

高效率快速响应的全集成KY升压转换器设计

基于TSMC 65 nm CMOS工艺,设计了一款高效率快速响应的全集成KY升压转换器.针对脉宽调制（PWM）轻载效率低,瞬态响应慢的问题,提出了一种带瞬态增强的自适应恒定导通与关断时间的变频控制策略.该策略采用自适应时间控制技术,可根据输入、输出电压和负载电流自动调整计时,优化了输出电压纹波.同时设计了瞬态增强电路,当输出低至限压阈值时,通过延长计时器的充电时间加速系统恢复.此外,还设计了DCM自校准电路,实现了精确的过零关断.仿真结果表明,在输入电压1.5 V,输出电压1.8 V的典型应用下,负载范围为0～120 mA,峰值效率为71.5%.在10 mA轻载下,效率仍有52.4%.当负载电流在110 mA的阶跃高度瞬变时,响应速度分别为2.55 ns/mA和6.18 ns/mA.     

一种启动电流为0的CMOS低功耗低成本电流源

根据传统电流源结构,设计了一种启动电流为0的CMOS低功耗电流源。电流源的启动电路仅采用一个耗尽型MOS管,电路正常工作后启动电路会自动关断。仿真结果显示电路正常工作后启动部分消耗的电流基本降为0,整个电路功耗24．9μW。这种结构降低了整个电路的功耗,大大节省了芯片面积。电路基于TSMC0．18μm CMOS工艺,电源电压1．8V,仿真软件为Hspice。     

一种DC-DC开关电源片上软启动电路

提出了一种基于DAC(digital-to-analog converter)控制的数字软启动电路,利用DAC控制和软启动电压检测技术,有效抑制了DC-DC开关电源启动过程中产生的浪涌电流和输出电压过冲,实现了输出电压从零到调整值的平坦上升.在启动完成后启动电路的偏置电流被彻底关断,实现了低功耗没计.该软启动电路采用CMOS器件设计,无需任何外围元件,便于被DC-DC开关电源集成.该电路已成功集成到一款Buck型PWM(pulse width modulation)控制器当中,测试结果表明:在整个负载范围内,DC-DC在启动过程中电感电流平稳变化,输出电压平滑上升、无过冲,启动时间控制在1.2ms.     

一种DC-DC开关电源片上软启动电路

提出了一种基于DAC(digital-to-analog converter)控制的数字软启动电路,利用DAC控制和软启动电压检测技术,有效抑制了DC-DC开关电源启动过程中产生的浪涌电流和输出电压过冲,实现了输出电压从零到调整值的平坦上升.在启动完成后启动电路的偏置电流被彻底关断,实现了低功耗没计.该软启动电路采用CMOS器件设计,无需任何外围元件,便于被DC-DC开关电源集成.该电路已成功集成到一款Buck型PWM(pulse width modulation)控制器当中,测试结果表明:在整个负载范围内,DC-DC在启动过程中电感电流平稳变化,输出电压平滑上升、无过冲,启动时间控制在1.2ms.     

基于电流镜的微电容式传感器接口电路研究

在集成微电容式传感器的研究中,由于敏感电容值的变化量非常微小,其接口电路的研究对传感器性能提升是至关重要的。设计了一种基于电流镜原理检测的微电容式传感器接口电路,电路由电容转换电压电路、减法器电路、脉冲电路、缓冲器电路等组成。基于0.18μm CMOS工艺库对电路进行设计仿真,结果表明该电路便于与敏感电容兼容,输出电压与敏感电容成线性关系,其检测精确度高、范围广。     

多谐振软开关全桥Boost变换器

提出一种利用多谐振实现开关管软开关的全桥Boost变换器.其将变压器漏感作为谐振电感,利用电感与电容谐振实现桥臂开关管和箝位开关管的软开关.桥臂开关管工作于零电流开通与零电压关断状态.有源箝位电路既可抑制变换器工作时可能出现的振荡电压,又可将箝位电容吸收的能量返还回主电路,且箝位开关管工作于零电压开通与零电流关断状态.最后利用硬件实验验证了其多谐振软开关特性.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.7,2015

正Information Centric Networking Information-Centric Networking(ICN) is an emerging direction in Future Internet architecture research,gaining significant tractions among academia and industry.Aiming to replace the conventional host-to-host communication model by a data-centric model,ICN treats data content as the first