Efficient detection for cooperative communication with two alternating relays

A two-path amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying scheme, which uses two relays to retransmit for the source alternately, was proposed by Rankov [Rankov et al. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2007, 25 (2): 379–389]. This scheme can avoid half-duplex loss in spectral efficiency, but it cannot work well when the interrelay channel gain is strong. An efficient detection scheme for two-path AF relaying system is proposed in this paper. In the proposed scheme, interference cancellation is first performed at the destination so that the received signal after interference cancellation is the superposition of two symbols with noise. Then, a low complexity soft maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoder and an iterative soft decoder are employed to extract the diversity of the two relay-destination links. The proposed detection scheme can efficiently improve the system performance compared to the detection scheme presented by Rankov (2007), especially when the inter-relay channel gain is strong.     

基于多直流落点系统稳定性的电网静态分区方案选择方法

针对多直流落点系统静态分区方案的选择问题,提出多直流落点相互作用因子、多直流落点有效短路比、频率偏差因子3个评价指标,以及反映上述指标整体性和均衡性的子指标。建立线性加权和模型求解该多目标决策问题,采用综合赋权法计算权重系数,并提出基于多直流落点系统稳定性的电网静态分区方案选择方法。以实际电网为例,对静态分区方案进行评价和选择,得到最优方案。利用PSS/E平台对各方案的系统稳定性能进行仿真,结果表明,各分区方案的系统稳定性优劣排序与静态分区方案选择方法的计算结果排序具有一致性,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Developing a novel sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique to eliminate side band harmonics

In this study, an enhanced SPWM modulation scheme is developed in order to minimize total harmonic ratio (THD) by eliminating the side band harmonics that are not paid attention in regular modulation schemes. Unlike the conventional SPWM, the developed modulation scheme considers the elimination of harmonics that are located at the carrier frequency and at the side bands of carrier frequencies. Therefore, the harmonic elimination feature of SPWM that eliminates the base harmonic orders but not considers the side band harmonics in frequency domain is improved with the developed analytical definition. The side band harmonic elimination feature of the proposed SPWM scheme eliminates higher order harmonics. The elimination of high-ordered attenuated harmonics decreases the harmonic contents seen in the THD spectrum. The simulation of inverter is carried out with Matlab/Simulink and experimental studies are performed utilizing TMS320F2812 DSP. The proposed SPWM schemes is tested according to various control strategies such as switching frequency (f_sw) and modulation index (m_i) terms by using a full bridge inverter. The analytical model improved to calculate and generate switching intervals is simultaneously operated in DSP instead of managing a look-up table. The experimental studies of the inverter verify that the developed SPWM modulation scheme mitigates the side band harmonics successfully. The higher order harmonics are eliminated and the THD ratios are decreased owing to proposed SPWM scheme.     

适用于双馈风电场联络线的距离保护方案

风电场联络线作为风电场向电网输送功率的重要通道,其稳定运行对于风电场和电网的安全稳定运行具有重要影响。双馈风电机组故障电流特性复杂,将导致基于全波傅里叶算法的传统距离保护应用在双馈风电场联络线上时性能严重劣化,难以满足实际电网安全运行要求。因此提出一种距离保护方案。该方案以瞬时值表征的微分方程算法为基础,通过数字低通滤波、故障点电压重构和故障距离迭代计算等技术保证距离测量的正确性。仿真结果表明,该距离保护方案的整体性能明显优于传统距离保护方案,可较好地满足工程应用要求。     

An Iterative Learning-Based Modulation Scheme for Torque Control in Switched Reluctance Motors

This paper deals with an iterative learning approach for modulating the desired torque profile so as to obtain ripple-free torque in switched reluctance motors. Because of the highly nonlinear relation between torque, current, and rotor position for this motor, it is not possible to obtain a closed-form mathematical expression for current as a function of torque and rotor position. Thus, the current waveforms are conventionally computed by using the linear torque model of the motor, and it is well known that such a scheme results in high torque ripple. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to minimize the ripple. In this new scheme, the current is still computed using the linear torque model, but the value of the torque used for this is not the desired (specified) torque, but rather a modulated-desired torque that is obtained by repeated corrections to the desired torque from iteration to iteration. The conventional rectangular pulse profile is taken as the initial current waveform. The method requires much less a priori knowledge of the magnetic characteristics of the motor. The algorithms have been formulated for both one-phase-on and two-phase-on schemes, for a four-phase switched reluctance motor, in the light of the principles behind iterative learning. Based on the observations from the simulation results of these schemes, a modified scheme has been proposed by incorporating a suitable commutation process, often called torque sharing functions, in order to generate reasonably smooth current waveforms for the ease of tracking by the stator circuit of the motor. The performances of all the proposed schemes have been verified by computer simulation.     

Adaptation of turbo coding and equalization in turbo equalization for time-varying and frequency-selective channels

A number of authors have sought to combine equalization and decoding in an iterative system in order to reduce the effects of frequency and temporal dispersiveness of time-varying frequency-selective channels. In the recent literature, several architectures based on these iterative systems have been proposed. One can note architectures which combine a maximum a posteriori (MAP) equalizer and decoder, architectures formed by an interference canceller and MAP decoder, architectures implementing a decision feedback equalizer and a MAP decoder, etc. Most of these architectures require accurate channel estimation to adapt the equalizer filters or to execute the MAP equalizers. This article presents a turbo equalizer architecture for time-varying frequency-selective channels without channel estimators. The proposed turbo equalizer consists of an interference canceller in direct-adaptation mode and a turbo decoder. In order to reduce noise correlation, the addition of a transverse filter to the interference-canceller architecture is proposed. The reliability factor for variable time-varying frequency-selective channels is also redefined in order to improve the performance of the turbo decoder. The architecture of the proposed turbo equalizer reduces considerably the effects of frequency and temporal dispersiveness of time-varying frequency-selective channels depending on the normalized Doppler frequency range.     

Bit-Interleaved Coded OFDM With Iterative Decoding in Impulsive Noise

Bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding (BICM-ID) and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) have recently been considered separately to improve the error performance and/or spectral efficiency of communication systems disturbed by impulsive noise, such as power-line communications. Given the advantages of these two techniques, this paper proposes a novel combination of them in one system. The key feature of the proposed system, termed bit-interleaved coded OFDM with iterative decoding (BI-COFDM-ID), is the iterative processing at the receiver where information exchange is carried out between the OFDM demodulator and the channel decoder. Structure and algorithms employed at the iterative receiver of BI-COFDM-ID are described in detail. The results show that BI-COFDM-ID outperforms all the previously proposed techniques at the high signal-to-noise-ratio region and, therefore, it is attractive for applications that require high spectral efficiency and low bit-error rate.     

Iterative channel estimation and decoding of turbo-coded OFDM symbols in selective Rayleigh channel

This work deals with the detection of turbo-coded symbols in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexed (OFDM) systems. OFDM symbol detection requires channel estimation, which is often carried out using known pilots. In this paper, an iterative detector composed of a turbo decoder and a channel estimator is proposed. These modules perform jointly and exchange soft information through an iterative process. The decoder consists of the maximum a posteriori Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv (MAP-BCJR) algorithm, and the channel estimator is based on the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) criterion. The proposed approach allows for the use of all available information, increases the quality of channel estimation, and improves the system performance. This paper also proposes a new expression of the channel reliability factor used by the MAP-BCJR decoding algorithm. This metric depends on signal-to-noise ratio and the channel estimation error variance. The effect of the channel reliability factor and of the channel estimation error are investigated.     

一种改善LDPC译码性能的新方法

由于LDPC码可以逼近香农限,近年来在国内外编码研究与应用中受到广泛关注,然而,LDPC码迭代译码存在误码平底,限制了LDPC码的进一步应用.陷阱集是导致LDPC码误码平底的主要因素,为了消除陷阱集的影响,提出一种基于陷阱集变量节点消息重置译码方法.当译码器进入陷阱状态后,重新计算陷阱集变量点消息,使译码器在后续迭代过...     

基于能源集线器的微能源网建模与多目标优化调度

提高能源利用率是实现能源可持续发展的重要举措。基于能源集线器的概念,提出了微能源网的通用化建模方法,得到线性的功率平衡方程。进一步地,以系统总收益最大化和能源利用率最大化为优化目标,构建了微能源网多目标优化调度模型。结合加权和法在Matlab和GAMS软件上求解得到多目标优化调度模型的Pareto前沿,并采用模糊隶属度函数求取最优折中解,作为多目标优化调度方案。最后,构建典型的微能源网进行验算。结果表明,所提出的通用化建模方法具有直观性和通用性,所提出的多目标优化调度模型能为调度决策者提供多维度的调度方案,兼顾了系统运行的经济性和高效性。     

AVS软件解码器瓶颈分析与优化

介绍了AVS视频编解码标准的研究意义、关键技术、解码原理,给出了AVS解码器的原理图和软件解码器实现一帧解码的关键流程图。在PC机上采用Intel Vtune工具分析了解码器的耗时情况,接着对解码器的C代码进行了整体性优化,并针对瓶颈模块中的亮度插值函数、反变化和反变化部分提出了一些具体的优化方法。实验结果表明,在保证解码质量的前提下,该优化方案大大提高了解码速度,基本上能达到实时解码的要求。     

Composite energy function‐based iterative learning control for systems with nonparametric uncertainties

In this work, we propose new iterative learning control (ILC) schemes that deal with nonlinear multi‐input multi‐output systems under alignment condition with nonparametric uncertainties. A major contribution of this work is to remove the classical resetting condition. Another major contribution of this work is to deal with norm‐bounded nonlinear uncertainties that satisfy local Lipschitz condition, in particular to deal with nonlinear uncertain state‐dependent input gain matrix that could be non‐square left invertible and local Lipschitzian. Two types of composite energy function are proposed to facilitate the ILC design and property analysis. Through rigorous analysis, we show that the new ILC schemes proposed warrant the asymptotical tracking convergence of system states. In the end, an illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed ILC scheme. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Robust Direct Power Control Schemes of DFIGs Driven by Variable-speed Wind Turbines

Despite its several advantages, a classic direct power control (DPC) technique of doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) driven by variable-speed wind turbines has some drawbacks such as high power ripples and variable switching frequency. In this paper, two robust controllers are designed to improve the classical DPC performance without complicating the overall scheme. First, an integral sliding mode controller (ISMC) is designed to regulate the stator active and reactive powers. Two integral switching functions are selected for controlling stator active and reactive powers. The idea of total sliding mode controller is selected to avoid reaching phase stability problem. Second, a diagonal recurrent neural network (DRNN) controller is designed and trained based on DPC. The DRNN has several advantages compared to the classical static neural networks such as recurrence and simple construction. Simple off-line back-propagation algorithm is proposed to train the proposed DRNN. The stability of the proposed ISMC and DRNN controller is proved using the Lyapunov stability theorem. The grid side converter is controlled based on the DPC principle to ensure both constant DC-link voltage and grid side reactive power. The feasibility of the proposed DPC schemes is validated by simulation studies on a 1.5-MW wind power generation system. The performance of the proposed schemes is compared with a conventional DPC scheme under different operating conditions.     

基于现场可编程门阵列的新型纠错码实现方案

低密度奇偶校验码(LDPC)是一种具有稀疏校验矩阵的线性分组纠错码,它具有逼近香农限的性能,其译码采用迭代译码算法.提出了利用现场可编程门阵列FPGA技术实现数字信号处理可以很好地解决并行性、可配置性和速度问题.给出了一种基于LDPC译码器的FPGA硬件实现方案,其算法的关键是变量节点和校验节点间的信息传递.     

Lightning performance of 500-kV double-circuit line schemes for the three-gorge project

A few problems in the present calculation methods in the aspects of insulation flashover criteria, influence of operating voltages, induced overvoltage component, and shielding failure in China are briefly analyzed and discussed. Lightning performance of 500-kV double-circuit line schemes (nine tower types and thirteen schemes of insulation disposition) for the Three-Gorge Project is computed and compared with the existing operation experience of double-circuit lines. Different schemes are compared with each other. The cause of the remarkable increase of the total lightning outage rate of the usual unbalanced double-circuit lines, with one circuit insulation reduced, in the operation is analyzed. Different from the usual unbalanced insulation lines, a one-circuit insulation enhanced scheme is proposed in this paper. It is emphasized in the paper that the key of the lightning protection of double-circuit transmission lines is to reduce the double-circuit simultaneous trip-out rate and to keep a reasonable total trip-out rate at the same time. It can be achieved by choosing the proper insulation disposition scheme referring to the order of the weighted trip-out rate values. The viewpoints and methods in the paper would be useful to others working in this field.     

多馈入直流输电系统交流侧滤波方案的设计

随着高压直流输电(HVDC)系统的发展及多馈入直流输电系统的逐步形成,多馈入直流系统的谐波问题日显突出.由于多馈入直流系统交流侧的母线电压严重畸变,现有的针对单谐波源的滤波方案已不再适用.文章提出了一种新的适用于多馈入直流输电系统的交流侧滤波方案,即在系统与负载之间并联由无源滤波器串联有源滤波器构成的混合滤波器,再在该混合滤波器之前与负荷串联一个有源滤波器.仿真比较了采用混合有源滤波方案与只投入无源滤波器时的滤波仿真效果,结果表明混合有源滤波方案可以显著降低母线上的谐波含量,从而抑制了负载谐波对系统的影响.     

Black-Start Decision Making Based on Affinity Propagation and TOPSIS

Abstract

Finding the optimal black-start alternative plays an important role in speeding up the restoration process of a power system after a complete blackout. In this article, a clustering method, affinity propagation, is adopted to deal with the black-start decision making problem. A novel black-start decision making method based on affinity propagation and TOPSIS is proposed. The standard deviation method is used to calculate the weights of the indexes, and a weighted normalized decision matrix is constructed. Then affinity propagation is used to cluster the black-start schemes of the weighted normalized decision matrix, and the optimal cluster is determined. Finally, for each black-start scheme in the optimal cluster, the relative closeness value is computed according to the TOPSIS method, and the best black-start scheme is selected. Compared with the existing black-start decision making methods, the proposed method can not only rank the black-start schemes but also determine which grade each black-start scheme should belong to. Based on the data of an actual power system, experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method is effective.     

三相变四相电力变压器的差动保护原理

采用三相交四相的电力变压器可以实现四相输电方式，也可以用作电气化铁道的AT供电方式，但这种变压器的差动保护研究未见报道。根据该变压器三相侧与四相侧的电流变换关系，提出了两种简单实用的差动保护接线，并比较分析了这两种接线的优劣，给出了变压器三相侧采用三相电流互感器接成Δ形的差动保护接线方案更优的结论。     

针对特征选择问题的改进蚁群算法及其在电力系统安全评估中的应用

提出基于改进蚁群优化算法和k近邻算法相结合的特征选择算法。利用k近邻分类器的分类精度和特征子集维数加权构造了综合适应度指标,利用改进蚁群算法的全局寻优和多次优解搜索能力实现特征子集搜索。针对传统蚁群算法在特征选择中可能含有冗余特征的问题,设计了局部细化搜索方式,使得特征选择结果不含冗余特征的同时提高了算法的收敛性。通过测试数据验证了算法的有效性和快速性后,将所提算法应用于10机39节点电力系统的安全评估问题,获得了良好的特征选择和稳定预测性能。     

A new approach to medical image reconstruction

The authors propose a multiobjective optimization method using the weighted sum problem in order to deal with image reconstruction from projections. In their scheme, after determining the objective functions, a satisfactory solution of the decision maker can be derived by updating the weighted coefficients simultaneously with the tradeoff between the objective functions. Furthermore, the noninferiority of the generated solution in each iteration is guaranteed. As has been shown, the multiobjective optimization-based image reconstruction approach is superior to the least-squares and convolution methods. The authors can say that the multiobjective approach makes traditional image reconstruction from projections flexible and robust to uncertainty and multiplicity of reconstruction objectives. They are convinced that the proposed method and its extension will become an efficient tool for design of new CT scanners