Computational fluid dynamics and full elasticity model for sliding line thermal elastohydrodynamic contacts

Classically, the EHD problem is solved using the Reynolds assumptions to model the fluid behaviour, and the Boussinesq elastic deformation equation to model the solid response, both being coupled with the load balance equation. The development of an alternative approach is presented here in order to solve at once the Navier-Stokes equations (mass conservation and momentum equilibrium), the full elasticity and energy equations for the line EHD problem in a fluid-structure interaction approach.The Finite Element Method is used to solve the mathematical formulation in a fully coupled way, inspired from Habchi et al. (2008) [1]. After linearisation with the Newton procedure, all the physical quantities (pressure, velocity field, deformations and temperature) are solved together in a unique system. An important benefit of this approach is the possibility to implement in a simple manner the non-Newtonian and thermal effects; in fact all the quantities can vary through the film thickness. The extension to non-Newtonian rheology and the pressure and temperature dependencies for the viscosity and density are taken into account in a direct way to allow an acceptable prediction of the friction coefficient. Gradients across the film thickness and temperature fields in both the fluid and the two solids are naturally computed and analysed. As a case study, we focus first on the pure sliding cylinder-on-plane contact. It is shown that thermal effects due to friction in the central zone of the contact play a role in heating the lubricant at the inlet zone, via heat conduction in the solids. By increasing the Slide-to-Roll Ratio (SRR), the occurrence of dimples and the subsequent effects in different parts of the contact under zero entrainment velocity conditions are then studied.     

On the indentation fracture of cemented carbide part 1 — Survey of operative fracture modes

The range of fracture processes which may occur beneath Vickers indentations in sintered tungsten carbide-cobalt composites is described. It is shown that the mode of fracture may be altered by changing the conditions of loading. In all cases, the cracks remain within the plastic zone of the indentation from which they stem. They do not penetrate the elastic strain field, as is found with brittle solids. The need for an explicit model of the elastic-plastic contact stresses for the discussion of surface fracture behaviour is established.     

Influence of hardening rule on the elasto-plastic behaviour of a simple structure under cyclic loading

The modes of cyclic elasto-plastic deformation of a two-bar structure with unequal areas and lengths under the simultaneous action of sustained mechanical load and cyclic thermal history are investigated analytically using three types of elasto-plastic material models: perfectly plastic, linear kinematic hardening and linear isotropic hardening. This simple structure is shown to exhibit much of the behaviour of interest in design of structural components subjected to repeated thermal loads: viz, elastic shakedown, reversed plasticity and ratcheting. The cyclic plastic behaviour of the structure is developed in closed form and the effects of strain hardening, hardening rule and geometrical parameters of the two-bar assembly on the deformation modes are critically examined.     

新的粗糙表面弹塑性接触模型

提出一种新型的粗糙表面弹塑性微观接触模型.该模型的建立基于接触力学理论和接触微凸体由弹性变形向弹塑性变形及最终向完全塑性变形的转化皆是连续和光滑的假设.研究单个微凸体在载荷逐渐增加时的变形规律,并重点推出弹塑性变形区间的接触方程.在此基础上应用概率统计理论导出了粗糙表面的接触载荷、平均分离和实际接触面积之间的数学关系式.在不同的塑性指数和载荷条件下,该模型与GW弹性模型和CEB弹塑性模型就实际接触面积和法向距离的预测结果进行了对比.结果表明,在同样塑性指数和载荷条件下比GW模型预测的实际接触面积大但法向距离小,且两者的差距随塑性指数和载荷的增加而增大.因此该模型的预测结果更加符合人们的试验观察和直觉,能够更加科学和合理地描述两个粗糙表面的微观和宏观接触状态.     

基于十四面体模型的闭孔泡沫材料弹性性能的有限元分析

建立十四面体的单胞模型和多胞模型,采用有限元方法和周期性边界条件,研究胞体数目和相对密度对闭孔泡沫模型弹性性能的影响.同时,确定闭孔泡沫胞体在两种变形状态下的应力分布.文中还将数值结果与理论预测以及随机泡沫模型的计算结果进行比较.结果表明,十四面体模型可以较好地预测低密度闭孔泡沫的弹性性能.     

TEST AND STUDY ON THE CONSTITUTIV ERELATIONSHIP OF DESERT SAND UNDER MOVING VEHICLE

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Analyses of thermal hydrodynamic lubrication in high-speed rolling. Part I: the effect of the roller's elastic deformation

A study of thermal hydrodynamic lubrication for high-speed strip rolling, which includes the roller's elastic deformation, was developed for a lubricant whose rheological behaviour satisfies the Barus' model. The difference in lubricating performances between an elastic roller and a rigid roller was assessed using parameters such as film thickness and pressure; temperature distributions in the fluid film, roller, and workpiece; separating force and shear torque. The elastic roller was made either of a unique material or its substrate was coated with one layer of a harder material to improve the wear resistance. The elastic deformation of the roller was obtained with the aid of Hitchcock's elastic-deformation theory and the biharmonic equation of Airy's stress function. It was found that the elastic deformation produces a substantial effect on some rolling characteristics.     

TEST AND STUDY ON THE CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONSHIP OF DESERT SAND UNDER MOVING VEHICLE

The mechanical properties of the sand of Takelamagan desert in Xinjiang under moving vehicle are studied by soil dynamic triaxial test apparatus. The nonlinear elastic constitutive model of the sand under moving vehicle is established first. These results lay the foundations for studying the interaction between vehicle running gear and the sand of Takelamagan desert in Xinjiang. and developing sand vehicle.     

偏轴剪切载荷下单向纤维增强金属基复合材料弹粘塑性响应

提出一种可以描述单向纤维复合材料多轴弹粘塑性行为的细力学模型。详细考究了纤维取向,纤维体积含量及应变率对单向上Ｂ／Ａｌ复合材料总体剪切弹粘塑性行为的影响。     

飞行器热结构细节应力分析与设计技术研究

针对装有钛合金传感器的C/C复合材料头锥结构,建立包括总体-次级-局部的多级有限元模型,进行细节应力分析技术研究.总体模型中采用较粗的有限元网格,进行初步计算,获得结构的热应力分布趋势和总体应力水平;次级模型中对局部模型的边界条件进行模拟计算,效果较好;局部模型中对细节结构进行精细建模,并采用非线性接触算法获得细节部位弹塑性热应力,与试验结果相符;还对间隙设计进行初步探讨,确定其在0.01 mm量级时能大大降低热接触应力,在进一步的结构设计中具有较好的借鉴作用与指导意义.所用计算软件为ANSYS.     

On the Validity of the Method of Reduction of Dimensionality: Area of Contact, Average Interfacial Separation and Contact Stiffness

It has recently been suggested that many contact mechanics problems between solids can be accurately studied by mapping the problem on an effective one-dimensional (1D) elastic foundation model. Using this 1D mapping, we calculate the contact area and the average interfacial separation between elastic solids with nominally flat but randomly rough surfaces. We show, by comparison to exact numerical results, that the 1D mapping method fails even qualitatively. We also calculate the normal interfacial stiffness K and compare it with the result of an analytic study. We attribute the failure of the elastic foundation model to the incorrect treatment of the long-range elastic coupling between the asperity contact regions.     

Models of adhesive contact between rough elastic solids

Adhesion of rough elastic solids is considered. Roughness is simulated by the Winkler–Fuss nonlinear elastic layer, which can be stretched. Mechanical properties of the layer are determined by statistical theories of adhesive contact between nominally flat rough surfaces. The contact of solids is described by the nonlinear boundary integral equations with non-monotonic operators, whose solutions determine reduction of effective thickness of the rough layer, nominal contact stresses, nominal contact regions and relation between applied force and approach of solids. The theoretical background and numerical implementation of the models are given. Both a full model and its simplified version are analyzed.     

径向可倾瓦轴承的热弹流润滑分析

用Newton-Raphson法一次性求出了所有瓦块的压力分布和轴心的位置,用步进扫描法对轴承进行了三维温度场分析,用20节点有限元法构造了瓦块的压力变形矩阵和热变形矩阵。     

Effective mechanical and transport properties of cellular solids

We utilize two different approaches, homogenization theory and discrete network analyses, to study the mechanical and transport properties of two-dimensional cellular solids (honeycombs) consisting of either hexagonal, triangular, square or Voronoi cells. We exploit results from homogenization theory for porous solids (in the low-density limit) to establish rigorous bounds on the effective thermal conductivity of honeycombs in terms of the elastic moduli and vice versa. It is shown that for hexagonal, triangular or square honeycombs, the cross-property bound relating the bulk modulus to the thermal conductivity turns out to be an exact and optimal result. The same is true for the cross-property bound linking the shear or Young's modulus of the triangular honeycomb to its conductivity. For low-density honeycombs, we observe that all of the elastic moduli do not depend on the Poisson's ratio of the solid phase. The elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle enables us to conclude that all of the viscoelastic moduli of honeycombs in the low-density limit are proportional to the complex Young's modulus of the solid phase. Such structures have real Poisson's ratios and the loss tangent is the same for any load.     

SMT软钎焊接头热循环力学行为研究

应用粘背景性理论分析研究了SMT软钎焊接头热循环力学行为,并用热膨胀模拟加载试样进行了试验验证。研究结果表明：SMT软钎焊接头在热循环过程中的应力由全部热循环的温度历史决定,时间效应（变温速率、保温时间等）对软钎焊接头在热循环中的力学行为具有显著影响。随热循环温度升高和保温时间延长,钎焊接头内将发生显著的应力松弛。     

A concise finite element model for pure bending analysis of simple wire strand

A concise finite element model for simple wire strand under pure bending is presented in this paper. Accurate bending symmetric boundary condition has been developed and applied to the periodic artificial cross-sectional end boundaries of the wire strand finite element model. To achieve better analysis accuracy, full three-dimensional solid elements were used for structural discretization. For the global behaviour of the wire strand, i.e. bending moment vs. bending curvature, the finite element results showed good agreement with the analytical elastic strand model of Costello (Theory of wire rope, 2nd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1997) in elastic loading regime. Furthermore, the finite element model can predict the detailed progressive nonlinear plastic behaviour of the wire strand.     

ANALYSIS SOLUTION OF BULGING CONVEXITY OF THE HYDRAULIC ELASTIC BULGING ROLL

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圆锯片受辊压适张度作用时固有频率的变化规律

基于弹塑性板弯曲自由振动微分方程,建立了考虑面内膜应力作用下圆薄板有限元动力平衡方程。从理论上探讨了圆锯片受适张度应力作用时固有频率的变化规律,提出了合理的圆锯片辊压适张度评价准则。试验验证了理论方法的正确性。     

槽道板结构的应力分析方法

分析板翅式换热器和微换热器的基本结构,通过引入小挠度薄板理论和弹性支承结构模型,解析计算槽道板结构的弯曲变形和弯曲应力,然后将这种分析法拓展到多层槽道板结构,进而利用有限元方法对其进行对比验证分析.结果表明,应用小挠度薄板理论和弹性支承结构模型分析槽道板结构的变形和应力具有较好的精度,为微小型装置或具有槽道结构设备的应力分析提供一种有效的方法和依据.     

板坯连铸凝壳的热变形分析

对板坯连铸凝固坯壳受到内外表面温差作用引起的热变形问题,从热弹性问题的功的互等定理或 Betti-Maxwell互换定理和线弹性力学的叠加原理出发,分别推导出两对边简支两对边固支的矩形凝壳在钢液静压力和温度场联合作用下的挠度解,并解释了挠度解中各项的意义。实例计算了在三种拉坯速度下凝壳热变形和鼓肚变形。该研究对于求解连铸板坯在钢液静压力及内外表面温差作用下的鼓肚变形及热变形具有实际意义。