小型共轴旋翼自然来流下的抗风扰气动特性分析

针对自然环境中的二级风（1.6~3.3 m/s）和三级风（3.4~5.4 m/s）,对悬停状态的共轴双旋翼进行水平和竖直来流的抗风扰气动性能测试。在建立自然来流影响下的桨叶速度分布模型基础上,采用低速风洞模拟自然环境对共轴双旋翼进行了来流吹风试验。采用滑移网格方法计算旋翼流场,捕捉自然来流环境中流场内部的气动干扰现象,主要包括桨尖压强分布、流线分布和桨尖速度矢量。研究结果表明：所建立的模拟方法能够准确反映自然来流对共轴双旋翼流场气动特性影响;相比无来流状态,受竖直来流影响的共轴旋翼性能下降,而水平来流环境中的共轴旋翼具有较好的抗风扰性能,旋翼性能随着水平来流速度的增大而大幅度提高。     

小型多旋翼飞行器悬停效率分析

多旋翼的不同配置方式直接影响着小型飞行器整机悬停效率。为了得到不同气动参数下多旋翼系统的悬停效率,通过搭建试验平台测量了多旋翼系统在不同的旋翼位置、桨叶数量、旋翼臂形状尺寸、共轴间距、非共轴旋翼重叠区域时的推力和功耗,分析了不同旋翼配置方式下整机悬停效率随桨盘载荷的变化规律。试验结果表明：旋翼桨叶数为2且在旋翼下置时多旋翼飞行器的悬停效率最高;旋翼臂尺寸比形状对悬停效率的影响更大;不同间距比的共轴旋翼在桨盘载荷较高时可以接近无干扰单旋翼的效率,且在间距比为30.4%时具有较高的悬停效率;通过合理配置非共轴重叠区域的竖直间距比和水平间距比可以有效降低能量损失,且在较小竖直间距比时将水平间距比保持在10％~15％的范围可以大幅度提高悬停效率。     

微小型多旋翼飞行器的非线性建模研究

针对目前微小型多旋翼飞行器的控制缺点,对微小型多旋翼飞行器进行系统的非线性建模研究。采用叶素理论对螺旋桨桨叶进行建模,对其前行中的周期挥舞问题进行分析,进而修正旋翼的负载特性;研究刚性机身、桨毂、叶片、电机转轴等的动力学特性,建立了更为完善的微小型多旋翼飞行器非线性动力学模型。选取四旋翼飞行器作为仿真对象,在Matlab/Simulink环境下,搭建开环仿真框图进行仿真验证。仿真结果验证了该模型的准确性。     

基于自由尾迹分析的直升机旋翼下洗流场计算方法

建立一个包含机身影响的旋翼自由尾迹分析模型,以用于实际直升机旋翼和机身组合时的旋翼诱导速度场计算,为火箭导弹发射提供一个旋翼下洗流场计算方法。在该模型中,使用一个卷起桨尖涡模拟尾迹的影响,采用二阶升力线理论代替桨叶的作用,并采用一个源面元模型计入机身对旋翼尾迹的诱导和堵塞等影响;分别以美国佐治亚理工学院和马里兰大学所采用的旋翼／机身组合模型为算例,对多种状态进行计算;将计算的旋翼流场定常和非定常速度与可得到的实验结果进行对比,表明了本方法的有效性。     

尖化前缘局部稀薄气体效应对气动热影响研究

为了研究尖化前缘局部稀薄气体效应对气动热环境的影响,对飞行器尖化前缘外形进行测热试验,获得了3种小尺寸前缘半径尖化前缘中心线热流分布规律,同时采用高空稀薄过渡区的气动热环境计算方法开展局部稀薄气体效应的研究。研究结果表明,当飞行器高度增大或局部尺寸减小时会出现稀薄气体效应,需要采用桥函数进行稀薄过渡区的热环境预测,以便更加准确地评估稀薄气体效应对气动热环境的影响。     

桨叶附着涡环量分布的迭代算法

结合升力线理论和叶素理论给出了一种桨叶附着涡环量分布的迭代算法，并用此算法计算了悬停状态下模型旋翼桨叶的附着涡环量分布，计算结果与实验数据吻合较好，且收敛较快，证明了该方法的有效性。     

四旋翼无人机前飞模态特性

为研究四旋翼无人机在前飞模态下的特性,通过机理建模（叶素法）和风洞试验分析多旋翼无人机在前飞时桨叶和机身气动特性,分别得到了桨叶和机身在前飞模态的气动力模型。该气动力模型带入建立的刚体运动学方程中,可得四旋翼无人机在前飞模态下的非线性动力学模型和状态空间模型,并进行了风洞试验验证。结果表明：在前飞时桨叶气动力模型与悬停模型存在较大的区别;四旋翼在前飞模态时存在俯仰/垂向通道的耦合和滚转/偏航通道的耦合。     

一种共轴双旋翼飞行器悬停控制联合仿真

利用Adams/MATLAB联合仿真平台,对一种具有周向均匀分布3个舵机的操纵机构共轴双旋翼飞行器悬停控制问题进行了研究。考虑到目前对上旋翼和下旋翼之间气动干扰没有准确的数学模型,在动力学建模时利用叶素理论和Pitt-Peters动态入流模型对飞行器的气动干扰和挥舞运动进行近似建模,其他未准确建模的部分用控制算法进行补偿。选用鲁棒性较强的滑动模态控制算法并与PID算法相结合对飞行器姿态进行控制,同时利用PID算法建立姿态和位置的关系,使其具备按照空间坐标点悬停的能力。将装配模型导入Adams中建立动力学模型,在Simulink搭建控制器并进行联合仿真。研究结果验证了所设计控制方法的有效性,飞行器悬停位置的最大动态误差小于±0.2 m.     

自转旋翼式陆空车辆跳飞性能计算

陆空车辆采用自转旋翼提供升力,尾部螺旋桨提供水平推进力的飞行方案,研究该型陆空车辆跳跃式起飞时的旋翼气动特性和飞行动力学特性,为设计具有垂直起降或者超短距起降的陆空车辆提供理论支持和分析计算方法.针对重型陆空车辆的自转旋翼提出了传统预旋结合高速储能飞轮的复合式跳飞方案,采用叶素理论分析自转旋翼桨叶的气动特性,采用数值积分对跳飞性能进行了研究,研究结果对比国内外文献,表明这种新型的复合式方法对跳飞的性能提高明显.     

悬浮弹旋翼结构参数对其气动力的影响分析

针对现有文献在小型旋翼的气动力研究上的不足,建立一种旋翼升力与阻力的理论计算模型.基于旋翼叶素理论和矩形桨叶的拉力与阻力扭矩理论计算,采用CFD仿真的方法对其流场进行仿真,利用fluent软件建立旋翼流场的多参考系模型,通过理论计算和试验相结合的方法对其气动力CFD仿真结果进行对比分析,并计算不同结构参数的旋翼模型,得到了包括桨叶数目、桨叶翼型、旋翼半径、桨叶宽度和桨叶安装角的结构参数对其气动力的影响.仿真结果证明了该CFD方法用于小型旋翼流场仿真的可行性,为悬浮弹悬浮装置的设计中旋翼结构参数的选择提供了依据.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.     

Experimental Research on Output Performances of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator

The paper introduces the performances of magnetostrictive actuators and its applications, discusses the design methods for the structure and internal magnetic circuit of a giant magnetostrictive actuator, and makes tests on the output displacement and force characteristics for an actuator using homemade magnetostrictive material. The experimental result shows that the actuator has satisfactory output precisions and ranges in transient and stable states, and can be used in lowfrequency vibration control system of precise equipment.     

Overview of Anti-tank Mines

First the different anti-tank mines laying possibilities are shortly summarized： hand emplaced, with mine layers, ground or helicopter relatively topographical well defined, and with cluster systems of projectiles, rockets and aircraft dispensers. Then examples of the three generations of anti-tank mines are presented：Ⅰ generation： detonating only beneath the track; Ⅱ generation： detonating beneath the track and belly; Ⅲ generation： mines with off-route actions. Weight and cost comparisons are strongly favoring the off-route Ⅲ-generation mines.     

A Finite Element Analysis on Static Strength of a Complex Section

A static finite element analysis （FEA） of an impulsive controller section is presented. The boundary condition and a part of the loads are applied. Considering the grades of the stress around the holes being large, the dense grids are adjusted accordingly. Four cases with different loads are compared, thus the influences of different loads on the section are analyzed. Numerical results show that the maximum stress of the section is lower than the strength limit of the material, and the section will not be broken with the static loads.     

Discussion on Mechanism of Breech-Blow Caused by Propellant Charge

From the view point of launch safety caused by fracture of propellant charge, this paper points out that the safety criterion of pressure wave is inadequate to evaluate the launch safety of propellant charge based on the initial negative differential pressure and sensitivity tests. Generally, the maximum barrel pressure does not depend upon the intensity of pressure wave correspondingly. The pressure wave intensity can not describe the fracture degree of propellant charge in chamber and reflect the mechanical environment of propellant charge fracturing exactly and wholly. The evaluation criterion for launch safety of propellant charge should be built on the basis of depicting the fracture degree of propellant bed.     

Experimental Studies of Toxicity on HNIW and Its Intermediates

The polycyclic nitramine hexanitrohexaazaisowurtane（HNIW） is a compound of high energy density. HNIW can replace 1, 3, 5-trinitro-1, 3, 5-triazacyclohexane（RDX） or HMX, hut its toxicity is unknown. In this paper, HNIW, hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane （HBIW）, tetraacetyldibenzulhexaazaisowurtzitane （TADBIW）, tetraacetyldiformylhexaazaisowurtzitane（TADFIW） and tetraacetylhexaazaisowurtzitane（TAIW）, which are intermediates of the synthesis of the HNIW, were selected as the tested objects in acute toxicity test, acute eye stimulation test and skin irritation test according to the standards of ＂chemical product testing method-401 ： acute oral toxicity test＂, ＂chemical product testing means-405： acute eye irritation/corrosion test＂ and ＂chemical product testing means-404： acute dermal irritation/corrosion test＂ of National Circumstance Protect Bureau. The results show that all of the five objects have no toxicity, no stimulation to eye and skin under the tested conditions.     

Dynamic Simulation for Missile Erection System

In order to study the dynamic characteristics of the missile erection system, it can be considered as a rigid-flexible coupling multi-body system. Firstly, the actual system is abstracted as an equal and simplified one and then the forces applied to it are analyzed. Secondly, the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic simulation for erection system is accomplished by use of the system simulation software, for example Pro/E, ADAMS, ANSYS, MATLAB/Simulink, etc. Finally, having the aid of simulation results, the kinetic and dynamic characteristics of the flexible bodies in erection system are analyzed.The simulation considering the erection system as a rigid-flexible coupling system can provide valuable results to the research of its kinetic, dynamic and vibrational characteristics.