膨化大米辅料酿造啤酒中糖化工艺参数对啤酒色度的影响

在100L规模上，通过五因素五水平二次旋转正交组合试验设计，探讨了挤压膨化大米辅料酿造啤酒的外加酶糖化工艺参数对啤酒色度的影响规律，得出最佳的糖化工艺参数。     

膨化大米辅料酿造啤酒中糖化工艺参数对啤酒酒精含量的影响

在100L规模上,通过五因素五水平二次旋转正交组合试验设计,探讨了膨化大米辅料酿造啤酒的外加酶糖化工艺参数对啤酒酒精含量的影响规律,得出最佳的糖化工艺参数。     

膨化大米辅料酿造啤酒中糖化工艺参数对麦汁还原糖含量的影响

在100L规模上,通过五因素五水平二次旋转正交组合实验设计,探讨了膨化大米辅料酿造啤酒的外加酶糖化工艺参数对麦汁还原糖含量的影响规律,得出最佳的糖化工艺参数。     

膨化大米辅料酿造啤酒中糖化工艺参数对麦汁还原糖含量的影响

在100L规模上,通过五因素五水平二次旋转正交组合实验设计,探讨了膨化大米辅料酿造啤酒的外加酶糖化工艺参数对麦汁还原糖含量的影响规律,得出最佳的糖化工艺参数。      

挤压蒸煮大米辅料酿造啤酒发酵过程研究

在100L规模上对挤压蒸煮与传统未挤压蒸煮大米辅料酿造啤酒发酵过程进行研究,结果表明,和未挤压蒸煮大米辅料工艺相比,在整个发酵过程中挤压蒸煮辅料工艺的氨基氮含量总体上偏低,双乙酰峰值低,还原速度快,酵母增代速度相当,酵母数峰值高。另一方面,啤酒发酵周期缩短1~2d,提高了生产效率。两种工艺在酒精含量、苦味质值和其它指标方面的差别很小。      

膨化大米辅料酿造啤酒中糖化工艺参数对双乙酰还原的影响

通过5因素5水平二次旋转正交组合试验设计,膨化大米辅料酿造啤酒中糖化工艺参数对双乙酰还原的影响。结果表明,最佳糖化工艺参数为：辅料含量为46．88％～47．12％,料水比为1：4．85-1：4．94,50℃蛋白质休止时间为50．75-51．60min,63℃糖化时间为40．50-41．15min,70℃糖化时间为29．20-30．00min;各因素对啤酒中双乙酰还原时间的影响程度按从大到小的顺序依次为：X1,X5,X3,X2,X4。     

啤酒辅料膨化工艺的研究进展

利用挤压膨化代替蒸煮来处理啤酒辅料，是啤酒酿造的一项新技术，它具有原料利用率高、能耗低、发酵速度快等优点，但在糖化、过滤等方面还存在一些亟待解决的问题。本文对国内外在此方面的研究进展做了全面综述。     

挤压膨化玉米为辅料酿造啤酒的糖化及过滤问题

通过二次旋转回归方法对膨化的粗脂肪含量，糊化度及麦汁的还原糖，浸出率的分析发现，各因素，即模孔直径，套管温度，螺杆转速和玉米水分对膨化物脂肪含量的影响规律与其对糊化度的影响规律截然相反。     

挤压大米啤酒辅料的糖化工艺参数对麦汁碘值的影响

为了合理地确定挤压膨化大米啤酒辅料的糖化工艺参数,采用二次正交旋转组合试验方法,研究挤压蒸煮大米糖化工艺参数(65℃糖化时间、71℃糖化时间、耐高温α-淀粉酶添加量)对麦汁碘值的影响规律。研究结果表明,当65℃糖化时间为47 m in,71℃糖化时间为25 m in,α-淀粉酶添加量为1.75×10-3L时,挤压大米辅料糖化麦汁的碘值可达0.13,比传统大米辅料糖化麦汁的碘值减少了48%,另外,从麦汁各项指标的检测结果表明,挤压膨化大米做啤酒辅料的糖化工艺是可行的。     

挤压蒸煮大米辅料酿造啤酒发酵过程研究

在100L规模上对挤压蒸煮与传统未挤压蒸煮大米辅料酿造啤酒发酵过程进行研究,结果表明,和未挤压蒸煮大米辅料工艺相比,在整个发酵过程中挤压蒸煮辅料工艺的氨基氮含量总体上偏低,双乙酰峰值低,还原速度快,酵母增代速度相当,酵母数峰值高.另一方面,啤酒发酵周期缩短1～2d,提高了生产效率.两种工艺在酒精含量、苦味质值和其它指标方面的差别很小.     

Improvement of beer flavour with extruded rice as adjunct

Extruded rice used as adjunct for beer fermentation was prepared using a single‐screw extruder. Extrusion pretreatment facilitated the saccharification and gelatinization of the rice starch as well as the formation of a glassy cellular structure, which was evaluated through scanning electron microscopy analysis. The effects of different parameters, including barrel temperature, water content, nozzle diameter and screw speed, as well as their interactions with rice expansion rate, were evaluated by response surface methodology to determine the optimum extrusion conditions. Extruded rice was acquired using the optimum extrusion parameters (water content, barrel temperature, screw speed and nozzle diameter of 22.4%, 103°C, 8 mm and 191.6 rpm, respectively), and the expansion rate reached 275.1%. The effect of the extruded rice adjunct on beer flavour compounds was investigated by comparing flavour compounds with those of traditional rice‐adjunct beer through sensitive static headspace–capillary gas chromatography spectrometry. The contents of esters, a highly important flavour group, in extruded‐rice‐adjunct beer (ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate and ethyl caprylate at 11.6, 2.4, 0.2 and 0.3 mg L⁻¹, respectively) were higher than those of the traditional rice‐adjunct beer. The contents of high alcohols were lower in the traditional rice‐adjunct beer than those in the extruded‐rice‐adjunct beer, but both levels satisfied the national standard for beer. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was employed to identify the flavour compounds of both beer samples through headspace–solid‐phase microextraction. Copyright © 2017 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

稻谷开发利用--早籼米在啤酒酿造中的应用研究

研究了以47%早籼米作为啤酒酿造辅助原料,通过添加耐高温α-淀粉酶,采用二次煮出法和圆筒锥形罐啤酒发酵的新工艺,不仅使所酿造的成品啤酒的各项指标符合GB/T4927-91标准,色浅,口味纯正、淡爽,泡沫洁白细腻,持久挂杯,而且具有较明显的经济和社会效益。     

125th Anniversary Review: The science of the tropical cereals sorghum,maize and rice in relation to lager beer brewing

Mainstream lager beer brewing using the tropical cereals sorghum, maize and rice, either as malt or as raw grain plus commercial enzymes, is becoming widespread. This review examines the differences in composition between these tropical cereals and barley and their impact on brewing processes and beer quality. All of these cereals have a starch gelatinization temperature some 10 °C higher than barley. The sorghum prolamin proteins are particularly resistant to proteolysis owing to disulphide cross‐linking involving γ‐kafirin. Unlike barley, the major endosperm cell wall components in sorghum and maize are arabinoxylans, which persist during malting. The rice cell walls also seem to contain pectic substances. Notably, certain sorghum varieties, the tannin‐type sorghums, contain considerable levels of condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins), which can substantially inhibit amylases, and probably also other brewing enzymes. Tropical cereal malts exhibit a similar complement of enzymic activities to barley malt, with the notable exception of β‐amylase, which is much lower and essentially is absent in their raw grain. Concerning beer flavour, it is probable that condensed tannins, where present in sorghum, could contribute to bitterness and astringency. The compound 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline, responsible for the popcorn aroma of maize and also the major aroma compound in rice, presumably affects beer flavour. However, much more research is needed into tropical cereals and beer flavour. Other future directions should include improving hydrolysis of prolamins into free amino nitrogen, possibly using prolyl carboxypeptidases and investigating tropical cereal lines with useful novel traits such as high amylopectin, high protein digestibility and low phytate. Copyright © 2013 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

米酒酿造的糖化条件优化

采用复合的纯种糖化曲和自然糖化曲酿造米酒,考查了糖化温度、糖化时间、糖化曲用量和两种糖化曲的质量比对米酒糖化液品质的影响,利用正交试验优化了米酒酿造的糖化条件。结果表明,米酒糖化的优化条件为糖化温度36 ℃、糖化时间40 h、糖化曲用量0.35%、两种糖化曲质量比1∶1。优化条件下,糖化液的总酸含量为5.24 g/L,淀粉转化率为63.53%,感官评分为88分。     

Effects of the addition of hemp powder on the physicochemical properties and energy bar qualities of extruded rice

Extruded rice/hemp mixtures were prepared by mixing defatted and whole hemp powders with rice flour at varying hemp levels (0%, 20%, 30% and 40%). The influence of hemp powder type and level on physicochemical and antioxidant properties was studied. The bulk densities of the extruded rice/hemp samples increased with increase in levels of added hemp powder. The extrudates blended with hemp powder had a lower water absorption index than the control (extruded rice without hemp). The extruded rice/whole hemp had more total phenolics and flavonoids and had a better scavenging effect on DPPH radicals than extruded rice/defatted hemp. The highest potential to inhibit β-carotene oxidation was found in extruded rice/40% whole hemp. Increasing amounts of hemp powder resulted in lower equilibrium moisture content of energy bars. The energy bar made with extruded rice/20% whole hemp was preferred for colour, taste and overall acceptability.     

Steady state flow behaviours of extruded blend of rice flour and soy protein concentrate

Rheological properties in terms of steady state flow behaviours of extruded dispersions (rice flour/soy protein concentrate blend), were investigated using dynamic rheometry. The effects of concentration (2%, 5%, 7%, 9% and 11%) and temperature (25–70 °C) on the rheological parameters (yield stress, flow behaviour index) of the non-expanded pellet blend (12.5% protein) were determined using common rheological models. Steady-shear viscosities in a range of shear rate from 0 to 500 s⁻¹ were observed as a function of concentration and temperature. From typical curves showing the dependence of shear stress on shear rate, it could be observed that all suspensions exhibited a non-Newtonian and pseudoplastic behaviour. The model that best fitted the experimental data at all temperatures and concentrations was the Herschel–Bulkley model.     

酱油酿造中鲜啤酒糟利用的研究

鲜啤酒糟作为辅料用于酱油制曲，不仅可以降低原材料成本，而且容易使曲料处于疏松状态，大大提高制曲过程的通风效率，改善发酵过程的传质和传热效果。各试验组孢子发芽率基本相同，辅料取代率为20％和40％时，其孢子数、成曲和酱油质量与传统配料相当，蛋白质利用率分别为78．04％和78.31％。