某矿全尾砂浆静态絮凝沉降试验研究

为获得某铅锌银矿全尾砂浆浓密参数,进行室内静态絮凝沉降试验,观察分析全尾砂絮凝沉降过程中沉降速度、极限浓度和上清液含固率变化。通过正交试验法及对试验数据的数值拟合,探究不同絮凝剂种类、絮凝剂单耗、絮凝剂溶液添加浓度、全尾砂浆浓度对该矿全尾砂絮凝沉降的影响。结果表明：该矿全尾砂砂浆最优浓度为 25.162%,最适宜絮凝剂为 1 200 万分子量 APAM,最佳絮凝剂溶液添加浓度为 1.032‰,最佳絮凝剂单耗为 37.925 g/t。实验为矿山全尾砂膏体制备提供技术参数。     

某矿全尾砂浆静态絮凝沉降试验研究

为获得某铅锌银矿全尾砂浆浓密参数,进行室内静态絮凝沉降试验,观察分析全尾砂絮凝沉降过程中沉降速度、极限浓度和上清液含固率变化。通过正交试验法及对试验数据的数值拟合,探究不同絮凝剂种类、絮凝剂单耗、絮凝剂溶液添加浓度、全尾砂浆浓度对该矿全尾砂絮凝沉降的影响。结果表明：该矿全尾砂砂浆最优浓度为 25.162%,最适宜絮凝剂为 1 200 万分子量 APAM,最佳絮凝剂溶液添加浓度为 1.032‰,最佳絮凝剂单耗为 37.925 g/t。实验为矿山全尾砂膏体制备提供技术参数。     

贵州织金地区某红土型钛矿赋存状态研究

通过野外取样、制备样品、显微镜观察、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、X射线荧光光谱分析(XRF)、电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)分析、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)分析、扫描电子显微镜配合能谱分析、电子探针分析等手段,对贵州织金某红土型钛矿中钛元素赋存状态作了系统的研究。该矿石中TiO_2含量在5.02%～8.59%,铝硅比较低,属于红土型钛矿石;钛元素以独立矿物锐钛矿、钛铁矿存在于矿物中;钛元素取代赤铁矿中的铁元素,以类质同象赋存于赤铁矿晶体中;可通过加碱焙烧后加水浸出富集锐钛矿。     

大红山铜矿全尾砂絮凝沉降的试验研究

试验研究了大红山铜矿全尾砂在添加不同絮凝剂条件下的沉降特性,通过实验结果数据的分析和对比,并综合考虑最终沉降面高度和经济成本,选用明矾作为大红山铜矿充填脱水的添加剂。     

微波加热还原含碳红土矿的研究

研究了含碳红土矿在微波场中的加热还原焙烧,考察了不同含碳量情况下微波加热焙烧过程中的样品温度和产物的物相组成,以及浮氏体、磁铁矿和赤铁矿等不同价态的铁氧化物在微波场中的加热性能.结果表明,微波加热红土矿是一个热稳定过程,未出现热失控现象.红土矿的还原程度可通过调整加入碳粉的比例和微波加热时间来控制.还原焙烧过程中,碳粉加入量影响产物的物相组成,进而影响焙烧过程的温度.     

硫化法分离红土矿中镍铁的研究

研究了硫化沉淀分离镍与铁的分离机理及工艺影响条件。结果表明: 温度、pH值、硫化剂加入方式、配离子均会对镍和铁的分离富集产生影响, 其中pH值的影响最大; 控制好pH值, 选择好合适的温度及加入方式, 镍与铁可以较好的分离。     

某萤石选矿多泥尾矿水絮凝沉降试验研究

研究了河北某500 t/d萤石选厂尾矿絮凝沉降特性。用聚合氯化铝(PAC)和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)复配成复合絮凝剂(PAC+PAM)应用于此尾矿水的处理,完成了聚合氯化铝(PAC)和4种聚丙烯酰胺H101、H102、H103和H104组合药剂的尾矿沉降脱水试验。结果表明,同时添加聚合氯化铝(PAC)与聚丙烯酰胺H102组成的组合药剂较为有效,H102的最佳用量为50 g/t,聚合氯化铝的最佳用量是200 g/t,尾矿中SS含量对沉降效果存在影响,SS含量越低,沉降越快,且药剂用量较少,效果较好。     

难沉降煤泥水的沉降试验研究

通过对难沉降煤泥水的自由沉降、絮凝沉降、凝聚沉降和混凝沉降试验研究以及不同种类絮凝剂、凝聚剂的对比,得出以明矾作为凝聚剂与阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺混凝沉降,并且先加入凝聚剂搅拌混合30 s后再加入絮凝剂的沉降效果最佳。     

复合钠盐法处理印尼某红土镍矿研究

针对印尼某红土镍矿的组成及结构特点,运用还原焙烧—浸出—磁选法综合利用红土镍矿。在配料中使用添加剂硫酸钠和碳酸钠改善还原焙烧性能,并考察了硫酸钠和碳酸钠配比(S/C)、配煤量、焙烧温度以及焙烧时间对镍铁精矿中镍品位以及镍回收率的影响。结果表明,当红土矿、硫酸钠、碳酸钠和煤的质量比为100∶14∶8∶8,焙烧温度为1 200℃以及焙烧时间为80 min时,可以得到品位为4.59%,镍收率为88.58%的镍铁精矿。该工艺流程能够高效富集红土镍矿中的Ni、Fe、Al等有价金属元素,实现了红土镍矿资源的高效综合利用。     

沙溪铜矿全尾砂沉降性能及絮凝剂选型试验研究

全尾砂沉降特性决定其在深锥浓密机中的浓密效率,进而影响充填料浆制备及采场充填效率。为保证沙溪铜矿大规模开采的采场充填效率、提升充填料浆连续稳定制备能力,拟对矿山极细全尾砂深锥浓密控制参数进行优化调整,为此开展了矿山全尾砂自然沉降和絮凝沉降对比试验研究,结果表明：矿山全尾砂自然沉降速率无法满足充填生产需要,需添加絮凝剂加速尾砂沉降;考虑絮凝沉降效果及絮凝剂成本,优选天润P-6型絮凝剂更适合本矿山全尾砂;增加絮凝剂的添加量,能有效提高深锥浓密机中全尾砂沉降速率,但同时会显著降低浓密机底流浓度;综合深锥浓密机中的全尾砂浓密效率及底流浓度,优化确定在15%入料浓度下的絮凝剂添加量为30g/t。可为同类矿山新建深锥浓密机沉降参数管控提供方法参考。     

红土镍矿冶金技术研究进展

如今世界经济迅猛发展,金属镍的需求量也在加速增长。人们主要从硫化镍矿和红土镍矿中提炼金属镍。然而硫化镍矿资源因大规模开发而不断减少,红土镍矿未来将成为镍的主要来源。因此研究红土镍矿的高效开发利用,是当今围绕镍资源研究的热点,对实际生产具有重要的现实意义。本文简要介绍了镍的应用、开发红土镍矿的意义、红土镍矿的矿物学特性、红土镍矿世界范围内的储量和分布,并且列举并分析了红土镍矿的各种冶炼工艺及其优点与不足,同时综述了有关红土镍矿研究的新方法,为红土镍矿高附加值综合利用研究提出思路。     

The effect of sodium sulphate on the hydrogen reduction process of nickel laterite ore

A series of nickel laterite ores with different calculated amounts of anhydrous sodium sulphate were prepared by physical blending or sodium sulphate solution impregnation. The reduction of the prepared nickel laterite ore by H₂ was carried out in a fluidised-bed reactor with provisions for temperature and agitation control, and the magnetic separation of the reduced ore was performed using a Davis tube magnetic separator. The mineralogical properties of the raw laterite ore, reduced ore and magnetic concentrate were characterised using ICP, TG–DSC, N₂ adsorption, X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy. The catalytic activity of sodium sulphate was also studied by using Hydrogen temperature-programed reduction. The experimental results indicate that Na₂SO₄ could overcome the kinetic problems faced by the laterite ore and that it exhibited noticeable catalytic activity only if the temperature reached at least 750 °C. This high temperature accelerated the crystal phase transition of the silicate minerals and increased the utilisation of H₂. In comparing the results from the two different methods for adding Na₂SO₄, the nickel content and recovery of the magnetic concentrate were increased by using the impregnation method rather than the physical blending method and the increasing amount of sodium sulphate assisted in the further beneficiation of nickel. The partial pressure of H₂ and the reducing time also affected the reduction process of the iron oxides. The results of the microscopic study indicated that the formation of a Fe–S solid solution, which was derived from the SO₂ sulphide reduction of FeO, was conducive to mass transfer and accelerated the coalescence of metallic ferronickel particles. For the nickel laterite ore, under the synergistic effect of sodium sulphate and hydrogen, a nickel content and nickel recovery of 6.38% and 91.07% were obtained, respectively, with high product selectivity.     

红土镍矿冶金工艺现状及前景分析

本文简要介绍了镍资源的性质特点及现状,分析了红土镍矿回转窑-电炉还原熔炼、还原焙烧－磁选、还原硫化熔炼３种火法工艺以及常压酸浸、高压酸浸等湿法工艺的优势与短板,并指出生物浸出在红土镍矿处理中的应用,探讨了未来红土镍矿冶金工艺的改进发展,指出红土镍矿湿法冶金将在今后扮演重要地位。     

硝酸常压浸出红土镍矿特性及镍浸出动力学

采用ICP和XRD分析手段研究了某红土镍矿的元素及物相组成.采用硝酸常压浸出该红土镍矿.通过单因素条件实验和综合实验探究了硝酸浓度、固液比、搅拌转速、浸出时间、浸出温度在常压条件下对红土镍矿中Ni、Co、Fe和Mg浸出的影响,并求解了镍的浸出动力学.结果表明,该红土镍矿为硅镁型,在硝酸浓度5 mol/L、固液比(g/m...     

The reduction of nickel from low-grade nickel laterite ore using a solid-state deoxidisation method

The reduction of nickel from low-grade nickel laterite ore using a solid-state deoxidisation method was studied. The effects of temperature, time, reductant type and CaO content on the conversion percentage of the total nickel to metallic nickel (α_Ni) in the nickel laterite ore reduction process were investigated. The results showed that α_Ni was strongly influenced by the reaction temperature in both gas–solid and solid–solid reduction processes, and a higher temperature was more favourable for nickel reduction. Because the reduction mechanism of nickel laterite ore (NiO + CO → CO₂ + Ni) is indirect, a higher α_Ni (>80%) can be obtained by increasing the CO and anthracite content. In the gas–solid reduction process, a longer reaction time favoured nickel reduction, and the conversion percentage decreased when a gaseous reductant was used at 850 °C because of phase transformation. In the solid–solid reduction process, the conversion percentage of the total nickel to metallic nickel first increased and then decreased with increasing reduction time and CaO content. In both reduction processes, taenite was found by XRD in the reduced ore because of iron oxide reduction and metallic nickel formation. SEM revealed that the nickel laterite ore was transformed from large granular and sandwich structures to small granular and flocculent structures during the reduction process.     

Atmospheric acid leaching of siliceous goethitic Ni laterite ore: Effect of solid loading and temperature

In this study, atmospheric acid leaching behaviour of siliceous goethitic nickel (Ni) laterite ore is investigated. Specifically, the effect of −200 μm feed solid loading (30 vs. 45 wt.%) and temperature (70 vs. 90 °C) on leach kinetics, acid consumption capacity and Ni and cobalt (Co) extraction was studied under isothermal, batch (4 h) leaching conditions at pH 1. Incongruent leaching was observed for constituent elements reflecting slow but steady release of value (Ni and Co) and some of gangue metals such as Fe, Mg and Al accompanied by faster and sharp release of Na and Si. Higher temperature and lower pulp solid loading, both led to a 40–50% increase in overall Ni and/or Co extraction and higher acid consumption. At 70 °C and 45 wt.% solid loading, Ni/Co extraction after 4 h was the lowest (∼14/16%) whilst the highest extraction (∼67/56%) was observed at 90 °C and 30 wt.% solid loading. Temperature appeared to have dramatic influence on Ni/Co and other impurity metals’ extractions revealing the chemical reaction controlled nature of the leaching. Higher solid loading and longer leaching time also both slowed down the leach kinetics. A two-stage chemical reactions-controlled leaching mechanism involving a faster initial leaching kinetics followed by a slower leaching at lower rate constants and higher activation energies was established for release of Ni, Co, Fe and Mg. The mechanism reflects the fast leaching of reactive host mineral phases (e.g., clays and Mg–silicates) during first 30 min followed by slow leaching of more refractory mineral phases (e.g., goethite and quartz) during the rest of leaching period. The findings provide a greater understanding for enhanced atmospheric acid leaching process of siliceous goethitic laterite ores.     

从红土镍矿中提取镍钴铁的新工艺研究

针对云南省元江红土镍矿的矿物组成特点,在比较国内外红土镍矿处理工艺的基础上,提出了还原—磨矿—选别—氧化浸出工艺处理该矿,并进行了全流程试验。首先进行了还原—磨矿—选别试验研究,主要考察了还原温度、还原时间、添加剂配比和还原剂配比对指标的影响;其次进行了综合试验。试验结果表明,还原—磨矿—选别可以抛弃红土镍矿中80%以上的脉石,同时实现镍钴铁富集,氧压浸出工艺可实现镍钴与铁的分离,并获得铁红产品。通过试验,获得的技术指标为:从原矿至氢氧化镍(钴)段,镍直收率大于75%、钴直收率大于70%和铁直收率大于80%;氢氧化镍产品镍的品位大于31%,氢氧化钴产品钴的品位大于0.70%,铁红产品铁含量大于62%,铁红达到铁精矿要求,可以作为铁精矿出售。该工艺实现了镍钴铁综合回收,资源利用率高,环境友好,为综合回收红土镍矿中镍钴铁提供一条新的工艺技术路线。     

褐铁矿型红土镍矿硫酸高压浸出的研究

研究了褐铁矿型红土镍矿硫酸高压浸出过程中浸出温度和时间、硫酸用量对镍、钴、锰、铁、铝、镁、硅、铬浸出的影响。在浸出温度为250℃,浸出压力3.9 MPa,浸出时间为40 min,硫酸用量240kg/t干矿的优化条件下,镍,钴,锰的浸出率分别为96.8%,96.6%,98.7%,铁、铝、镁、硅的浸出率分别降低到2.6%,16.9%,61.8%,1.9%,铬的浸出率降低到0.7%,浸出液中的铬以Cr~(3+)的形式存在,浸出液中没有Cr~(6+)。静置分离试验表明,在此浸出条件下的浸出矿浆固液分离效率较高。扫描电镜分别对30、40、60 min浸出渣相微观形貌的分析表明,浸出30 min时针铁矿中Fe~(3+)绝大部分溶出并经过水解重新沉淀,延长浸出时间只是使铁相的等粒-圆粒状颗粒分布趋于均化。浸出渣相的主要成分为Fe_2O_3,(H_3O)Al_3(OH)_6(SO_4)_2,KAl_3(SO_4)_2(OH)_6及Si O_2。     

我国镍矿资源现状及利用技术研究

本文详细论述了我国镍矿资源的分布及储量,并对硫化镍矿和红土镍矿的矿石特性和利用技术进行了深入的研究.有针对性的提出了处理不同矿石性质的硫化镍矿和红土镍矿的工艺流程,指出了我国在目前的镍资源形式下进行镍矿利用技术研究的重要意义.     

硫化钠对硅镁型红土镍矿气基还原焙烧的影响

镍是一种重要的战略金属,随着优质硫化镍矿日益匮乏,资源丰富的红土镍矿成为重要的提镍原料。本文以红土镍矿为研究对象,甲烷为还原剂,硫化钠为添加剂,考察了还原温度、甲烷浓度、还原时间及添加剂用量对镍、铁金属化率的影响,并通过扫描电子显微镜与能量色散光谱(SEM-EDS)分析对还原产物中镍铁的聚集情况进行了研究。结果表明：在还原温度900℃、还原时间60min、甲烷浓度20％、硫化钠添加量10％的条件下,还原产物中的镍、铁金属化率可分别达到89.05％、5.10％。硫化钠的加入促进了镍铁颗粒的聚集长大,有利于镍铁颗粒与杂质的分离,同时生成的FeS抑制了铁的深度还原,实现了镍的选择性还原。