湖光岩砂石的释光剂量研究

采集湖光岩玛尔湖周围部分岩洞内的岩样及岩壁下和湖岸边的砂土样品,用粗颗粒法测量它们的热释光和光释光;用复合作用剂量响应模型分析热释光和光释光剂量响应,并计算对应的热释光和光释光古剂量。结果表明:相同采样点的样品,热释光和光释光古剂量间都存在一些差异;不同采样点样品的释光剂量相差很大;热释光古剂量测量值较准确的样品,光释光古剂量测量值与热释光测量值无显著的数量级差别。此测量分析对第四纪火山考古有一定参考意义。     

热释光测定年代研究——全部剂量用热释光剂量计测量

本文叙述用细粒技术和粗粒石英技术研究热释光测定年代的方法。在本研究中,样品的自然累积剂量和α、β、γ以及宇宙射线的年剂量全部用热释光剂量计测量。这可使测定年代过程简化、精度提高,而且实验费用大为降低。     

释光测年中的激发方式

对一个多矿物样品在BG2003释光谱仪上获得了包括红光、绿光和热释光的选频释光特征图谱,并求得样品不同激发方式下的等效剂量值和饱和剂量值,明确了不同激发方式下样品的不同波长可适用于年龄测定。同时与在热释光仪RGD-3B上求得的等效剂量值和饱和剂量进行了对比,两个饱和剂量值有很好的一致性(均为400Gy)。     

热释光断代的进展

本文评述了热释光断代的近况。它们是:磷光体的热释光性质;关于发光中心;辐射剂量学,综述了五种测定年辐射剂量的方法,同时也讨论另两种测定氡逸散的方法;各种不同类型标本中累积辐射剂量的测定;热释光测量中的样品制备;辐射源及校正及其在热释光断代中的应用;测量热释光的装置。     

热释光法快速鉴定唐三彩真伪

介绍用混合颗粒和蒸馏水沉淀在圆铝片上的样品的热释光测定方法对唐三彩进行真伪鉴定。在器物的隐蔽部位取几十毫克样品,利用样品的热释光特性曲线和实验室附加的人工放射性β剂量的热释光曲线之比,对5件唐三彩样品进行测定,准确快速地得出了它们的真伪鉴定结果。     

天然热释光测量应用于已知铀矿床的初步试验

直接利用岩石、土壤样品进行天然热释光测量来寻找铀矿床的设想是根据热释光技术应用于放射性防护、考古、地质年龄测定等方面的有关资料提出的。已经在已知铀矿床地表揭露工程中进行了小面积的系统取样试验,取得了460个样品的试验结果,在矿床地表风化基岩和土壤中圈出了明显的天然热释光异常带,显示了地表铀矿化及深部铀矿体。天然热释光就是在天然产状下矿物、岩石或土壤由于自身所含天然放射性元素或周围存     

α内外照射效率的转换系数

在细粒热释光测定年代中，真实的α剂量必须被转换成与β等效的内照射剂量，这个转换由α内照射效率Ｋ值完成。但对每个样品来说，这个Ｋ值是无法测定的，能测到的只是每个样品的α外照射效率Ｋ３．７，为此，研究了α内，外照射效率的转换系数以及测定的方法。结果表明，与石英近似的ＣａＳＯ４ｒ的α内外照射效率的转换系数在考古样品中为０．８４７，与理论计算值０．８５很一致。     

北京清水河流域古泥石流堆积物的热释光测年研究

通过对北京清水河流域灵山、洪水口两个古泥石流台地堆积物质样品的热释光研究,测定了古泥石流剖面各样品的热释光年龄。两个古泥石流剖面的年龄均随深度增加而增大,泥石流堆积物质层位越深,受到的环境辐射剂量则越大。剖面U、Th和K的含量随深度的变化趋势与年剂量随深度的变化趋势基本一致, Th含量随深度的变化比U、K含量随深度的变化离散。     

前剂量饱和指数法测定中国瓷器年代

用前剂量饱和指数法测定了23件中国瓷器的年代,结果表明,热释光年代与考古年代在一个标准偏差为27％以内的一致性非常良好,这样的误差在瓷器的年代测定中是可以接受的。     

热释光测定古陶器年代

用热释光(简称TL)方法测定古代陶器的烧制年代是近十几年发展起来的一项考古新技术。TL测定年代的原理是根据陶器烧成后,器物中石英和长石等晶体所吸收的自然辐照累积剂量来计算年代的,实际计算年代的公式为: A=(D_e △)/(εR_a R_β R_γ R_c)式中,D_c为等效β剂量;△是TL对自然辐射剂量的超线性修正值;ε为α对β的相对发光效率;R_α、R_β、R_γ、R_c分别为α、β、γ和宇宙射线年剂量。 我们用实验室装置的热释光测量仪对许多陶器和砖瓦标本进行了测定,其制样方法和实验步骤见文     

东柳河屯探槽沉积物的热释光测年及其地质意义

在东柳河屯探槽系列样品ＴＬ测年的基础上，分析了样品ＴＬ年代序列和地层序列的相关性，并根据ＴＬ系列年代，对探槽中的古地震事件进行了划分。     

Study of Syrian archaeological pottery by the combined application of thermoluminescence (TL) dating, X-ray fluorescence analysis and statistical multivariate analysis

X-ray fluorescence method and the technique of thermoluminescence (TL) dating have been utilized for the study of archaeological pottery fragment samples, fairly representative of the Romanian period between 1st century B.C. and 4th century A.D., from Judaidet Yabous site, which is located north-west of Damascus city, Syria. Four samples were chosen randomly among the 46 samples for dating using thermoluminescence technique and the results were in good agreement with the date assigned by archaeologists. The samples were irradiated for 1000 s live time twice, first using a Mo X-ray Tube and second using a ¹⁰⁹Cd radioactive source. Fifteen elements (K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, and Pb) were determined. The elemental concentrations have been processed using two multivariate statistical methods. The purpose of the study was to characterize by means of element contents of the pottery paste from the Judaidet Yabous archaeological site and to provide new data to the Syrian databases for future studies. From an archaeological point of view the results indicated that most of the potteries were locally produced.     

蓝光释光测定瓷器年代的初步研究

用蓝光释光（BLSL）测定了唐代、南宋、元代、明（嘉靖）、清（乾隆）5只古代瓷器样品的年代，结果与已知瓷样的年代结果吻合得很好。本方法的优点是只要用一个瓷薄片就能测出瓷器的年代，不用作瓷器的热激活温度测定。其年代测定的范围大大超过热释光法测定瓷器的年限，在考古上具有重要意义。     

化石的ESR与U系,FT及TL的年龄对比

用铀的线性积累模式计算北京周口店猿人洞牙齿化石的ＥＳＲ年龄，并与Ｕ系、裂变径迹法和热释光法的年龄进行了对比，结果表明釉质齿最适合ＥＳＲ年龄的测定。     

The hardwater effect in AMS 14C dating of food crusts on pottery

The pottery investigated in this study comes from late mesolithic inland sites next to rivers in Northern Germany. The first AMS ¹⁴C datings of food crusts from these sites showed surprisingly high ages, which could be caused by the hardwater effect.Modern samples from the rivers have ages of several hundred ¹⁴C years, and a modern food crust prepared from fish with a certain reservoir age shows the same age as the fish. Surprisingly, there was a large age difference between water samples and fish/mollusc shell from the same river. Associated archaeological samples of terrestrial and fluvial origin show age differences of several hundred and up to 3000 years. These high age differences are only to a limited extent transferred to the archaeological food crusts.     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

河流冲击物TL断代的初步研究

作者测定了4个河流冲击物的热释光年龄,用光晒退置零。     

ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE DATING FOR THE AGE OF PEKING-MAN, LOC.1, ZHOUKOUDIAN, BEIJING

In this paper, we used ESR dating method to measure the accumulative dose of the fossil teeth samples, which are contemporaneous with the Peking-Man. The internal annual dose rate of samples are got by neutron activation analysis and the environmental annual dose rate by highly sensitive TL dosimeters to be embedded in cave deposits in the site. The results of ESR dating are corresponded with the dating results obtained by U-series, FT, TL and paleomagnetic stratigraphical methods on the 3rd, 4th, 7th and 10th layers. Calculation of using different models, the close-equilibrium model, the linear uranium accumulation model and radon loss-linear uranium accumulation model, for travertine, deer teeth and rhinoceros tooth, we obtained the age of the First Peking- Man in the nth layer is 578 ka and gave ages of other layers, from the 1st to the 13th layer in Peking- Man site.     

偃师商城宫城建筑基址夯土的光释光测年初步研究

用光释光测年技术对河南偃师商城宫城部分宫殿和围墙基址夯土进行了定年。在夯土基址的建造过程中，有些石英颗粒可能见光而使其光释光信号被释放回零，光释光‘时钟’重新开始计时。本文用单片再生剂量法测夯土中粗颗粒石英的等效剂量，测得的等效剂量值的分布说明石英颗粒的光释光信号在基址建造过程中有不同程度的晒退。据晒退相对彻底的石英颗粒得出的夯土光释光年龄分别是4.0ka、2.2ka和2.5ka。尽管这些年龄值与考古年龄存在差异，但表明用光释法测年技术对宫殿建筑基址夯土进行定年是可行的。