A system for semiconductor process specification

The SPEC system for capturing and managing semiconductor fabrication process information is discussed. The SPEC data model decomposes process specifications into equipment, step, process, and flow hierarchies. Mechanisms within an interactive graphical user interface provide a high degree of user control over the expression and organization of objects within each layered hierarchy and control the information in terms of collection, propagation to other layers, and the appearance of the data within specification folders using a what you see is what you get (WYSIWYG) folder builder. Implementation on a concurrent object-oriented database permits simultaneous use of the SPEC system by many users     

Joint source and channel coding for 3-D scene databases using vector quantization and embedded parity objects.

Three-dimensional graphic scenes contain various mesh objects in one geometric space where different objects have potentially unequal importance regarding display. This paper proposes an object-oriented system for efficiently coding and streaming 3-D scene databases in lossy and rate-constrained environments. Vector quantization (VQ) is exploited to code 3-D scene databases into multiresolution hierarchies. For the best distortion-rate performance, adaptive quantization precisions are allocated to different objects and different layers of each object based on a weighted distortion model. Upon transmission, scalably coded objects are delivered in respective packet sequences to preserve their manipulation independency. For packet loss resilience, a plurality of FEC codes are generated as "parity objects" parallel to graphic objects, which protect the graphic objects concurrently and also preferentially in regard to their unequal decoding importance. A rate-distortion optimization framework is then developed, which performs rate allocation between graphic objects and parity objects and generates the parity data properly. We show that, by treating graphic objects jointly and preferentially in source and channel coding while preserving their independencies in transport, the proposed system reduces the receiving distortion of the 3-D database significantly compared to conventional methods.     

面向对象数据库在压裂措施管理系统中的应用

简要分析了面向对象数据库技术产生的必然性,着重介绍一种面向对象数据库技术——对象关系型数据库,包括它的内容和特点;以及基于实际研发项目全面阐述了压裂措施管理系统中面向对象数据库的统一建模,并对其实现数据共享提供基础性的统一数据结构的支持。     

How technology shapes network management

Five areas of technological advancement that affect network management are examined. They are: expert systems and machine learning/induction: fault tolerance; object-oriented databases; facsimile; and ease of use (user friendliness). The following points are emphasized. Machine induction will give network managers the opportunity to understand reasons behind actions instead of just seeing the results. Fault tolerance means no scheduled downtime, freedom from obsessive machine management, enhanced opportunity to manipulate processes, and ease of expansion. When object-oriented data management systems are used in the development of network management systems, development efforts are significantly reduced because the same model is used for both programming and database accessing, and the model is a much better representation of the reality of the network than current data models. A major breakthrough will be the ability to access the same data items from two or more database management schemes simultaneously. Facsimile will experience rapid growth and will be integrated with other services. Ease of use is the central element for the intelligent use of future systems     

Complex life science multidatabase queries

Recent advances in the development of new, high throughput screening technologies have resulted in a wealth of life science data. The complexity and volume of these data require technology beyond that of traditional database systems. Open research issues include the seamless, semantic-based integration of geographically distributed, autonomous web databases. Biological And Chemical Integration Information System (BACIIS) addresses these issues. This paper discusses the challenges associated with the integration of life science web databases and the techniques used in BACIIS to address these challenges. Particularly, the execution of life science, multidatabase queries is investigated, and an approach that can overcome the limitations of the query capabilities of each individual life science web database participating in the integration is presented. This approach hides the heterogeneity of the individual databases from the user while providing an efficient execution plan for complex, life science, multidatabase queries.     

Using expert systems to implement a semantic data model of a large mass store system

The successful development of large volume data storage systems will depend not only on the ability of the designers to store data, but on the ability to manage such data once it is in the system. Our hypothesis is that mass storage data management can only be implemented successfully based on highly “intelligent” meta data management services. Such services would allow database administrators and users to manipulate, update, and access data and related information and knowledge in a logical manner, and yet would be powerful enough to support the performance needs of a large mass store system. Historically, there have been attempts at building data management services for very large volume data systems; however, when the amount of data being managed got large the meta database itself failed as a consequence of its own size and complexity.

However, if the standard were expanded to include the semantics and pragmatics of the data domain using a Semantic Data Model (SDM), the result would be an overall information system design that is organized and accessible in the context of the data's user and purpose. The implementation of an SDM requires the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and related computer science technologies such as object oriented representation, property inheritance, and rule-based decision making. Presently, there does not exist unique software for developing SDMs that addresses the complex representation of data meta data and related information and knowledge.

This paper presents the results of a demonstration prototype SDM implemented using the expert system development tool NEXPERT OBJECT. In the prototype, a simple instance of a SDM was created to support a hypothetical application for the Earth Observing System, Data Information System (EOS-DIS). The massive amounts of data that EOSDIS will manage requires the definition and design of a powerful information management system to support even the most basic needs of the project. The application domain is characterized by a semantic-like network that represents the data content and the relationships between the data based on user views and on more generalized domain architectural views of the information world. The data in the domain are represented by objects that define classes, types, and instances of the data. In addition, data properties are selectively inherited between parent and daughter relationships in the domain. Based on the SDM, a simple information system design is developed from the low-level data storage media, through record management and meta data management, to the user interface.     

基于面向对象的组态软件实时数据库的设计

本文介绍了基于面向对象技术的组态软件实时数据库系统的设计思想,在面向对象思想指导下,针对实时数据库的特点,提出一种利用设计模式缓存数据的方法,提高了访问效率;给出实时数据库和其他应用的接口实现方式和通信方法,由此建立的实时数据库具有实时性、正确性和一致性。     

Technology 1991: software

Noteworthy software developments during 1990 are recounted. Amid rapid change, the overall direction seems clear: an ongoing battle among personal computer operating systems, the rise of object-oriented programming (OOP), the spread of computer-aided software engineering (CASE), and the proliferation of frameworks. In the area of operating systems, there are three strong candidates from which to choose-OSF/1, Unix System V Release 4, and DOS with Windows 3.0-and a fourth whose future is not yet clear-OS/2. Meanwhile, the major computer companies have lined up behind OOP, an approach that views a program as being built of objects composed of data and processes, with a child object inheriting characteristics from parent objects: the CASE market is growing far faster than business in the rest of the software industry, and the push is on for standard frameworks that provide multiplatform, multivendor support across the entire computer-aided engineering process     

A rapid prototyping/artificial intelligence approach to space station-era information management and access

This effort has focused, and continues to focus, on applying rapid prototyping and Artificial Intelligence techniques to problems associated with Space Station-era information management systems. In particular, our work is centered on issues related to (1) intelligent man-machine interfaces applied to scientific data user support and (2) the requirement that intelligent information management systems (IIMS) be able to efficiently process metadata updates concerning types of data handled. The advanced IIMS represents functional capabilities driven almost entirely by the needs of potential users. The amount and complexity of scientific data projected to be generated by Space Station-era projects (e.g., EOS [Earth Observing System]) is likely to be significantly greater than data currently processed and analyzed. Information about scientific data must be presented to potential users in a clear and concise way, with support features being incorporated to allow users at all levels of expertise efficient and cost-effective data access. Additionally, since data modifications and additions will frequently occur, mechanisms for allowing more efficient IIMS metadata update processes must be addressed. To this end, our work has examined the following aspects of IIMS design: (1) IIMS data and metadata modeling, including the automatic updating of IIMS-contained metadata, (2) IIMS user-system interface considerations, including significant problems associated with remote access, user profiles, and on-line tutorial capabilities, and (3) development of an IIMS query and browse facility, including the capability to deal with spatial information. A working prototype has been developed and is being enhanced. Future work will attempt to clarify a number of issues which have emerged from our present efforts, particularly concerning IIMS information base structure and its relationship to user-support and distributed, heterogeneous database access.     

The moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS) science anddata system requirements

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) has been designated as a facility instrument on the first NASA polar orbiting platform as part of the Earth Observing System (Eos) and is scheduled for launch in the late 1990s. The near-global daily coverage of MODIS, combined with its continuous operation, broad spectral coverage, and relatively high spatial resolution, makes it central to the objectives of Eos. The development, implementation, production, and validation of the core MODIS data products define a set of functional, performance, and operational requirements on the data system that operate between the sensor measurements and the data products supplied to the user community. The science requirements guiding the processing of MODIS data are reviewed, and the aspects of an operations concept for the production of data products from MODIS for use by the scientific community are discussed     

面向对象技术中的对象映射

在软件工程中，客观对象被直接映射成软件对象和数据库中的对象，并且客观对象和它们在软件和数据库中的对象之间存在着一种映射关系，这种映射关系提供了高级的、抽象的客观对象到低级的软件和数据库对象之间的逻辑连续性。本文应用面向对象技术，用一个实例叙述了这种对象映射的过程，实践证明，该方法可行有效．并且可以为其它类似的软件开发提供了可行的建设方案。     

Applying object-oriented technologies in modeling and queryingtemporally oriented clinical databases dealing with temporal granularityand indeterminacy

The need to manage temporal information given at different levels of granularity or with indeterminacy is common to many application areas. Among them, we focus on clinical data management. Different time granularities and indeterminacy are also needed in querying temporal databases. In this paper, we describe GCH-OSQL (Granular Clinical History-Object Structured Query Language), an object-oriented/temporally-oriented extension of SQL. GCH-OSQL is based on an object-oriented temporal data model, GCH-OODM. GCH-OODM allows storage of clinical information at different and mixed granularities or with temporal indeterminacy. GCH-OSQL deals with the valid time of clinical information. The temporal extension of the SELECT construct includes the addition of the TIME-SLICE and MOVING WINDOW clauses, and the capability to reference the temporal dimension of objects in the WHERE and SELECT clauses. Using object-oriented technologies, a system prototype for GCH-OSQL and GCH-OODM has been implemented and applied to data management of follow-up patients after coronary angioplasty intervention     

An overview of the multi-database manipulation language MDSL

With the increase in availability of databases, data needed by a user are frequently in separate autonomous databases. The logical properties of such data differ from the classical ones within a single database. In particular, they call for new functions for data manipulation. MDSL is a new data manipulation language providing such functions. Most of the MDSL functions are not available in other languages.     

Influencing public policy through information sharing

The data collected in electronic databases by government agencies, universities, and private organizations could be of use to a public increasingly interested in participating in public policy formation. However, because most users lack skill in communicating with computers and because institutions resist the dissemination of databases, this information is not widely accessible to the public in forms it can use. The authors propose establishing a public access `data hub' to process requests for database access, download a copy of the requested data from the original source database (databases would not reside at the hub), and display the data in the form requested. The `bridge' between user and data would be an interface to process the request for data and then shape and interpret the data for the user. A single interface would allow users access to information that resides on many different computers without their having to learn to `talk' to each different system. Helping to design and implement this interface would be the task of the professional communicator     

多媒体数据库管理系统

多媒体数据库管理系统是针对多媒体数据的有效管理而提出的一个数据库管理系统,跟一些传统的数据库管理系统相比,多媒体数据不同于传统数据,是一种非格式化数据,具有对象复杂、存储分散及时空同步等特点。为方便管理,本系统采用面向对象方法进行设计与开发。通过引入封装、继承、对象和类等概念,可以有效地描述各种对象及其内部结构与联系,提高对非格式化多媒体数据的管理能力。     

A methodology for the performance evaluation of data querystrategies in universal mobile telecommunication systems (UMTS)

The anticipated emergence of third-generation mobile systems, referred to as universal mobile telecommunication systems (UMTS), raises the problem of reconsidering the design of the databases destined to contain the user information. In particular, it is expected that the key concepts of the new database architectures will be high distribution and fast updating of information. So far, the problem of determining the most appropriate distributed database (DDB) architectures for third-generation mobile systems has not been widely dealt with in literature. This paper presents a methodology for evaluating hierarchical DDB architectures by means of an analytical model of the data querying operation. This methodology allows for structural alternatives, differing on account of the number of levels and branches in the hierarchy, to be evaluated in terms of query loads and mean response times, according to a given user mobility characterization and a given search protocol operation. By way of illustration, the paper discusses a case study, concerning a query operation arising from a location updating procedure and applied to a hierarchical tree-like DDB in which some structural alternatives are considered     

Heterogeneous distributed database management: The HD-DBMS

The proliferation of different DBMS and advances in computer networking and communications have led to increasing heterogeneous distributed DBMS network scenarios. Major heterogeneity problems and challenges include: different database models, syntactically and semantically different DBMS, different types of controls (recovery, etc.), etc. We address herein the long-range goal for a heterogeneous distributed DBMS (HD-DBMS) to be able to support a network in which any user in any node can be given an integrated and tailored view or schema, while in reality the data may reside in one single database or in physically separated databases, managed individually by the same type of DBMS (by the only one the user understands) or by different DBMS. We cite the major approaches to data sharing and accessing: from the primitive commercial file and database unload/load and PC download, to common interfaces on top of existing DBMS, to the R&D and prototype efforts toward the long-range desires. Commercial availability of the more encompassing thrusts may become a reality with the mounting problems, opportunity costs, and demand for data sharing in the heterogeneous world. Major research and development projects in this arena are leading toward some partial attainment of the long-range objective. The UCLA HD-DBMS project is highlighted herein, with a presentation of its status, progress, and plans. It is a longer range project, with the unique feature of allowing any user in the network to use a preferred database model and DML to access or update any data in the heterogeneous network. HD-DBM5 is to provide a multilingual interface to heterogeneous distributed databases.