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Chukwujindu M. A. Iwegbue Anwuli L. Ojelum Francisca I. Bassey 《Food Science & Nutrition》2014,2(6):724-733
The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mg, Ca, K, and Na were determined in some traditional alcoholic beverages (oil palm wine, raphia palm wine, burukutu, pito, ogogoro) consumed in southern Nigeria, with a view to providing information on the dietary intakes of essential metals and exposure of humans to toxic metals. The concentrations of these 13 elements were determined by atomic spectrometry after nitric acid/hydrogen peroxide digestion. The mean concentrations of the metals (mg/L) in the samples ranged from 0.02 to 0.05 for Cd; 0.01 to 0.19 for Pb; nd to 0.11 for Ni, nd to 0.15 for Cr; 0.09 to 0.60 for Cu; 0.01–0.08 for Co; 0.30 to 10.3 for Fe; 0.02 to 3.97 for Mn; 0.12 to 3.84 for Zn; 2.08 to 301.3 for Mg; 2.21 to 49.2 for Ca; 35.05 to 926.1 for K; 6.30–58.1 for Na. The mean concentrations of metals in these alcoholic beverages were below statutory limits for the metals in alcoholic beverages and were similar to concentrations found in other alcoholic beverages in the literature. The estimated daily intakes of metals from the consumption of these alcoholic beverages were less than 2% of the recommended dietary allowance values except for Cd and Pb. The individual and combined metals target hazard quotient values were less than 1 except for raphia palm wine and burukutu. From the estimated target hazard, no long life health concerns of metals are associated with the consumption of these alcoholic beverages. 相似文献
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Human exposure to cadmium (Cd) is associated with various diseases and high levels of Cd have been detected in Bangladeshi population warranting further research to identify the source of this exposure. In this study, Cd levels in 327 and 94 samples of Bangladeshi food and non-food samples, respectively, were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. This is the largest number of Bangladeshi food and nonfood samples investigated for their Cd content. High Cd levels were detected in leafy vegetables (mean 31 [SD 29]μg/kg). Of these vegetables, lal shak (Amaranthus tricolor) contained the highest Cd level (303 μg/kg [wet weight]; mean 100.5 [SD 95]μg/kg). Bangladeshi rice also showed significant concentration of Cd (mean 37.2 [SD 30]μg/kg). Of particular concern is the very high level of Cd detected in some puffed rice, which we attribute to the illegal practice of using urea for whitening the puffed rice. Tobacco leaves, which are commonly consumed during betel quid chewing by Bangladeshis, contain significant levels of Cd (mean 95 [SD 87]μg/kg). The total daily intake (TDI) of Cd from foods for Bangladeshis was estimated to be 34.55 μg/d. This is rather high when compared to the TDI of Cd for other populations. Our analysis reveals that this is mainly due to the very high intake of rice and vegetables, and lower consumption of animal products (which are low in Cd), by the Bangladeshis. We also determined the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake and target hazard quotients values for Cd. Clearly a more balanced diet is necessary to reduce the Cd intake in the Bangladeshi population, especially by reducing the very high intake of rice and certain leafy vegetables. Food manufacturing and agricultural practices needs to be altered to reduce the entry of Cd into the food chain. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Exposure to high levels of Cd can be harmful to human health and this study provides a comprehensive analysis of Cd levels in a variety of food items from Bangladesh. The findings are of particular importance to consumers of Bangladeshi foods in both Bangladesh and in other countries. Data obtained will be valuable resources for food safety and regulatory bodies as our study suggests entry of Cd in foods through use of illegal chemicals in food manufacturing processes. 相似文献
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Chukwujindu Maxwell Azubuike Iwegbue 《Journal of Wine Research》2014,25(3):144-157
The concentrations of metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Co, Fe, Mn and Zn) were examined in some popular brands of wine in the Nigerian market after HNO3/H2O2 digestion by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean concentrations (mg/L) of metals in these categories of wines ranged from 0.01 to 0.02, 0.27 to 0.35, 0.10 to 0.12, 0.02 to 0.02, 0.15 to 0.21, 0.09 to 0.10, 3.47 to 4.55, 0.79 to 0.86 and 0.78 to 1.10 for Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Co, Fe, Mn and Zn, respectively. The estimated dietary intakes of metals based on the ingestion of 250?mL/day of these brands of wine were below the specified provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) value for each metal. However, only Pb intake from the consumption of these wines constituted 31–41% of its PTDI value as a single source. The estimated target hazard quotients (THQ) for the metals (except for Pb and Cr) are of concern in that they were above the safe level of THQ?相似文献
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Fei Pei Yueying Wang Yong Fang Peng Li Wenjian Yang Ning Ma Gaoxing Ma Qiuhui Hu 《Journal of food science》2020,85(2):493-499
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窖龄在30年以上的发酵窖池均可称为“老窖”,老窖均被名酒厂视为看家之宝。中国老窖以浓香型白酒的发酵窖池为代表,分布广、数量多,窖龄越长,其产酒质量越好。我国古籍有关“窖”的记载很多,众说不一。中国酒窖和中国酒文化的发展受地理因素、技术因素、需求因素和文化交流因素等褚多因素影响。在中国酒文化发展的各个领域内的研究尚待深入。 相似文献
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Chukwujindu M. A. Iwegbue 《Journal of the Institute of Brewing》2010,116(3):312-315
The concentration of a number of metals in a selection of brands of canned beers available in the Nigerian market was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after HNO3/H2O2 digestion. The results of the survey indicated that chromium, iron, nickel, cadmium and lead were present at concentrations above the permissible levels in drinking water, while the metals cobalt, zinc, aluminium and copper were present at levels below the permissible limits in drinking water. The metal content in the different beer types do not pose a risk to consumer health since the estimated metal daily intake per kg bodyweight is below the provisional tolerable intake of these metals as set by the World Health Organization. 相似文献
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测定几种海产品(软体类、甲壳类、鱼类)中重金属Hg、Cd 、Pb 的含量,并运用危害商数(target hazard quotients,THQs)评价食用海产品对人体健康的潜在风险。结果发现：Hg 在软体类生物中的含量范围为0.06～1.23mg/kg,其次为鱼类(0.024～1.03mg/kg),甲壳类生物最低(未检出～0.25mg/kg);Cd 在软体类生物中的含量为 0.18～4.02mg/kg,高于甲壳类(未检出～0.05mg/kg)和鱼类(未检出～0.07mg/kg);Pb含量较低,软体类(0.04～0.23mg/kg)、甲壳类(未检出0.03mg/kg)、鱼类(未检出～0.07mg/kg)。Cd 和Pb 的危害商数说明该市场的海产品中这两种金属对人体健康不具有潜在风险,相比之下,重金属汞在某一种鱼中的危害商数可能对人体健康有潜在风险。 相似文献
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随着人们生活水平的提升,饮料酒的消费逐渐上升,引起了市场监管和更多消费者对其品质和乙醇检测方面的关注。因此开发一种操作简单、检测迅速且结果直观的新型乙醇检测器十分必要。作者设计并制备了用于检测饮料酒中乙醇的聚二乙炔（polydiacetylene,PDA）囊泡,通过饮料酒中乙醇对PDA囊泡结构的扰动和基团的作用,使囊泡由无乙醇存在时的蓝色逐渐转变为有乙醇时的红色,从而检测产品的乙醇体积分数。结果表明,乙醇体积分数为30%~90%时,与PDA囊泡的比色响应（colorimetric response,CR）值具有良好的线性关系,在实际酒样检测中的相对标准偏差为1.45%~2.23%,裸眼识别颜色变化效果较好。此方法具有高效便捷、结果可视化、反应迅速的优点,为饮料酒中乙醇的检测提供了新方法。 相似文献
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中华酒文化振兴的实质--白酒文化与竞争力之一 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
振兴中华酒文化应从振兴中国白酒文化开始，而这种振兴不只是学术上的振兴，更重要的是在市场上的振兴，酒文化是一种非常有特色的中华传统文化，她形成和体现了具有灵魂作用的民族精神，挖掘、创新酒文化，就是要挖掘酒文化中孕育的民族精神，目前，我们的酒文化没有核心，企业推崇自己的地域文化，造成酒文化多元化突出，整体性不强，其次是酒文化挖掘力度不够。 相似文献
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A. Nogueira J. M. Le Quéré P. Gestin A. Michel G. Wosiacki J. F. Drilleau 《Journal of the Institute of Brewing》2008,114(2):102-110
This study looked at the effects of an operation used by some French cider makers in order to optimise the process. The technique examined is one that consists of reducing the yeast population during fermentation, so that the fermentation velocity decreases. At different stages of the fermentation, several decimal biomass reductions were performed and their effects were determined both by counting the two main yeast populations (fermenting yeast and oxidative yeasts) and by analysing the main parameters involved in yeast growth and fermentation (total nitrogen, density). In the present experiments, it was shown that a single decimal biomass reduction was enough to control the fermentation once the density of the untreated raw juice had undergone a 5 to 10 point drop corresponding to the consumption of about 13–26 g sugar per litre. This drop was linked to the growth phase of the yeasts in the untreated assay. When this reduction was performed later, the fermentation velocity became too low to reach the expected density. Nitrogen consumption appears to be one of the key parameters of this operation. 相似文献
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目的 研究武汉市市售水产品中常见的14种淡水鱼类(草鱼、团头鲂、白鲢、鳙鱼、鲫鱼、鲤鱼、翘嘴鲌、鲈鱼、鳜鱼、青鱼、乌鳢、胡子鲇、斑点叉尾鮰、黄颡鱼)背肌和腹肌中的重金属含量特征并评价其膳食暴露风险。方法 采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)对样品不同部位中的砷(As)、汞(Hg)两种重金属含量进行测定, 通过单因子污染指数(single factor pollution index, Pi)评估了14种鱼类中As和Hg的污染水平、目标风险系数(target hazard quotients, THQ)评估了鱼类中的As和Hg对于成人、儿童的膳食暴露风险, 并且对样品不同部位中As和Hg的含量进行了相关性分析。结果 14种鱼类中, As在背肌和腹肌中的含量范围分别为0.002~0.312 mg/kg、0.001~0.440 mg/kg, Hg在背肌和腹肌中的含量范围分别为0.003~0.104 mg/kg、0.006~0.189 mg/kg。Pi测定结果显示, 不同品种的水产品均具有一定程度的污染。通过计算THQ并综合考量无机As占总As的含量, 所有样品的THQ值均小于1。依据相关性分析, 发现在草鱼和胡子鲇的背肌中, As和Hg的含量具有显著相关性; 在鲤鱼的腹肌中, As和Hg的含量具有相关性。结论 本研究所采集的样品中, 均未发现As和Hg超标, 且样品内As和Hg污染均处于较低水平, 长期食用这些鱼肉样品不会对人体健康造成潜在威胁。 相似文献
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Eight wild edible Boletaceae mushrooms (227 samples) and their soils were collected from 40 locations, Yunnan province, China. Four essential metals (Fe, Mg, Zn, and Cu) and 2 toxic metals (Pb and Cd) were determined. The results showed that Boletaceae mushrooms have abundance of 4 essential metals. The highest Pb mean value was 0.70 mg/kg DW, lower than legal limits, but Cd contents significantly exceeded legal limits. Generally, bioconcentration factor (BCF) indicated that Zn and Cu were easily bioaccumulated by mushrooms. However, the BCFCd of Boletus griseus reached to 6.40. Target hazard quotients showed Cd was the main risk metal in Boletaceae mushrooms. The metal compositional variability and the similarity of metal contents were further determined by principal component analysis. Regression model analysis indicated that Cd contents in mushrooms were positively correlated with soil Cd contents, and negatively correlated with soil pH, except for the samples of Boletus bicolor. 相似文献
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Concentrations of As, Ba, Cd, Co, Mn, Pb, Se, Sr, V, Cu, Fe, Mg, Zn and Mo were determined in conventional and home-produced eggs as sold in Brazil. Thirty-four conventional and 21 home-produced samples were obtained in different Brazilian cities. Elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Concentrations of Ba, Cd, Co, Pb, Se, Fe, Zn and Mo in conventional and home-produced eggs differed (statistically significant). Correlations were found among the other elements in both production systems. The estimated daily intake for toxic elements based on Brazilian egg consumption did not exceed the toxicological reference values. The results clearly demonstrated that eggs are an important source of essential elements such as Mo, Fe, Se and Zn. 相似文献
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《Journal of the Institute of Brewing》2017,123(2):284-288
The rice‐based traditional alcoholic beverages prepared by the ethnic communities, viz., Deori, Mising and Ahom communities of Sivasagar district of Assam, India are known as Sujen, Apong and Xajpani , respectively. The concentrations of Na, K, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in these traditional drinks have been determined with a view to making the general public aware of the average daily intake of these metals from the consumption of these rice beers. The metal contents were estimated using atomic spectrometry after digesting the samples with nitric acid and sulphuric acid. The mean concentrations of the metals (mg/L) in the samples were: 20–60 for Na; 300–460 for K; 0.011–0.325 for Mn; 0.709–4.15 for Fe; 0.13–0.313 for Co; 0.28–0.554 for Ni; 0.008–0.074 for Cu; 0.674–3.968 for Zn; 0.02–0.05 for Cd; and 0.48–1.13 for Pb. The presence of Cr could not be detected. Based on the results, traditional alcoholic beverages consumed by the ethnic communities of Assam, India, can be considered safe and can be used as a supplement of essential nutrients such as potassium, iron, manganese and zinc. The metal contents of these rice beers have been compared with those of wheat and barley beers. Copyright © 2017 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling 相似文献
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The biogenic amines tyramine, putrescine, cadaverine, 2-phenylethylamine, histamine and tryptamine were determined in 13 kinds of alcoholic beverages produced in Taiwan. They were derivatised with dansyl chloride and analysed using a high-performance liquid chromatographic method. Total amine content ranged from 0.23 to 11.4 μg ml?1 with Charng Chuen liqueur containing the highest level and Mei Kwei Lu the lowest. Tryptamine was found in all samples in amounts between 0.01 and 1.79 μg ml?1. The levels of the other five amines in the tested samples were 0-7.0 μg ml?1 for 2-phenylethylamine, 0-3.0 μg ml?1 for putrescine, 0-2.9 μg ml?1 for cadaverine, 0-4.5 μg ml?1 for histamine, and 0-1.4 μg ml?1 for tyramine. These levels seem unlikely to have adverse effects on human health. 相似文献
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最先出现的古陶酒器是质地较重而且表观较粗糙的泥质土陶酒器。由于陶瓷业的发展和陶瓷技术的日益提高,古代广泛的酿酒饮酒活动的需要,陶瓷酒器也得到了很大的发展,进而出现了许多不但质地好、外观美,而且做工更加精美和珍贵奇特的陶瓷酒器。 相似文献
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《Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment》2013,30(10):1515-1521
ABSTRACTIn this study, the levels of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) have been determined in the flesh of two species of fish, sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and swordfish (Xiphias gladius) fished in the Algerian coast. Quantification of As, Cd and Pb was carried out using an ICP-MS method and the results were compared with the thresholds set by national and international regulatory bodies. In a further step, the risk to consumers was assessed using estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI).The average concentration of As and Pb was higher in sardine (1.82; 0.10 mg kg?1 w.w., respectively), than in swordfish (1.10 mg kg?1 w.w.; not determined), whereas the concentration recorded for Cd was the same for both species (0.01 mg kg?1 w.w.). These concentrations are below maximum limits set in regulations. The THQs and HI were widely below 1. The consumption of these fish does not pose risk to the consumers. 相似文献