高硅铝合金标准样品的热变形行为

对高硅铝合金光谱标准样品在应变速率为0.01～1s-1、变形温度为350～500℃条件下的热压缩变形行为进行实验研究。结果表明:高硅铝合金热压缩变形中发生了明显的动态回复与动态再结晶,流变应力随应变速率的增加而增加,随温度的增加而降低;通过线性回归分析计算出高硅铝合金材料的应变硬化指数n以及变形激活能Q,获得了高硅铝合金高温条件下的流变应力本构方程;研究工艺参数(变形温度t、应变速率ε)对晶粒尺寸的影响,确定最佳工艺参数:t=400℃,ε=0.1s-1。     

易切削Cu-Se-Bi合金的高温塑性变形行为

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机研究了Cu-Se-Bi合金在变形温度为550～700 ℃,应变速率为0.01 ～10.00 s-1条件下的流变应力变化规律和微观组织,并根据试验数据确定了本构方程.结果表明,Cu-Se-Bi合金高温动态再结晶明显降低合金的流变应力,变形量在15%～80%时,流变应力趋于稳定;当应变速率为2.50、10.00 s-1时,流变应力出现波动,温度为700 ℃、应变速率为10.00 s-1、应变在0.09～0.15时应力波动值可达12 MPa;变形量越大,动态再结晶越明显;应变速率越小,晶粒越细小;当温度为600 ℃、变形量为60%、应变速率为0.01 s-1时,平均晶粒尺寸为8.5 μm.     

2519铝合金热变形流变行为

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机进行高温等温压缩实验,研究了2519铝合金在变形温度为300～450℃、应变速率为0.01～10 s-1条件下的流变变形行为.结果表明:应变速率和变形温度对合金流变应力的大小有显著影响,流变应力随温度升高而降低,随应变速率的提高而增大,在应变速率ε＜10 s-1条件下,流变应力开始随应变增加而增大,达到峰值后趋于平稳,表现出动态回复的特征;而在ε=10 s-1,t≥350℃的变形条件下,合金发生了局部动态再结晶.可用包含Arrhenius项的Zener-Hollomon参数描述2519铝合金高温塑性变形时的流变行为.     

铸态42CrMo钢的高温塑性变形特性

利用Gleeble 1500D热模拟试验机,在应变速率为0.01~10 s-1、变形温度为1000~1150℃、变形量为60%的条件下对铸态42Cr Mo钢的高温塑性变形特性进行了研究。结果表明,材料的流变应力随变形温度的升高而减小,随应变速率的增大而增大;试验钢的峰值应力激活能Q=325.63 k J/mol,稳态应力激活能Q=271.84 k J/mol;变形过程中动态再结晶晶粒平均尺寸随温度的增大而增大,随应变速率的增大而减小,其自然对数与Zener-Hollomon参数的自然对数成线性关系。     

变形程度对铸态AZ31镁合金动态再结晶的影响

研究了铸态AZ31镁合金在温度为250～425℃、变形量为10%～40%、应变速率为0.01 s-1的条件下的热压缩时动态再结晶的变化规律,分析了流变应力与变形程度的关系。结果表明:铸态AZ31镁合金在应变速率为0.01 s-1的条件下进行热压缩变形,变形程度达到40%时,材料会发生断裂;当应变速率和变形温度一定时,流变应力随变形程度的增大不断增加,在达到峰值后逐渐降低,表现出明显的动态再结晶的特征;且随变形程度的增大,动态再结晶晶粒越来越多。     

AM80-xSr-yCa镁合金高温压缩变形行为

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机对一种新型AM80-xSr-yCa镁合金进行高温压缩变形实验,研究其在温度300℃~450℃、应变速率0.01s-1~10s-1条件下的流变行为。高应变速率下,试样的变形热带来的温升不可忽略,对真应力-真应变的测量值进行相应修正后,求得了本构方程中的系列常量。结果表明,应变速率和变形温度的变化,强烈影响着合金流变应力的大小,流变应力值随变形温度的降低和应变速率的提高而增大;金相组织观察表明,动态再结晶是该实验条件下晶粒细化和材料软化的主要机制,再结晶的程度主要受变形参数影响。变形温度越高,变形量越大,动态再结晶进行的越充分;应变速率越大,再结晶平均晶粒尺寸就越小。     

Mg-13Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr合金热压缩行为及晶粒尺寸的研究

采用Gleeble-3500热压缩实验机对Mg-13Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr合金在温度360～480℃、应变速率0.001～1 s-1、最大变形程度为60%的条件下进行高温压缩实验研究。分析了应变速率和变形温度对该合金在高温变形时流变应力的影响,引入温度补偿应变速率因子Z构建合金高温流变应力的本构方程;研究了合金在不同压缩条件下的组织变化及动态再结晶晶粒尺寸,为后续有限元组织模拟提供了实验依据。结果表明:该合金的真应力-真应变曲线具有动态再结晶曲线的特征。动态再结晶的再结晶晶粒尺寸随温度的降低、应变速率的增大而减小;而且峰值应力也随再结晶晶粒尺寸的减小而增大。     

7136铝合金的热变形与动态再结晶行为

明确7136铝合金的热变形和动态再结晶行为对于制定合理的加工工艺参数具有重要意义。试验亦分析了7136铝合金试样在变形温度为350℃～470℃、应变速率为0. 01 s-1～10 s-1条件下的热变形与动态再结晶行为,建立了合金的流变应力模型,并通过挤压试验和数值模拟验证了流变应力本构方程的合理性。结果表明,7136铝合金在350℃条件下进行热加工发生动态再结晶,再结晶百分数随温度升高而增加,随应变速率增加而减少:应变速率为0. 01 s-1、变形温度由375℃上升到450℃时,再结晶百分数由6. 8%逐渐增加至8. 2%;变形温度为400℃、应变速率由0. 01 s-1提高至10 s-1时,再结晶百分数由7. 6%逐渐减少至4. 9%。所获得的本构方程用于挤压过程的数值模拟,稳态阶段模拟与实际载荷位移曲线误差不超过5%。7136铝合金热挤压过程应选择较低的挤压温度和较高的挤压速度,以降低其动态再结晶百分数。     

锻态TB6钛合金热变形行为及组织演变

在THERMECMASTER-Z型热模拟试验机上,对锻态TB6钛合金在真应变为0.92、变形温度为800℃～1150℃、应变速率为0.001s-1～1s-1的条件下进行等温恒应变速率压缩试验,分析合金在β单相区条件下的热变形特点,并观察金相组织。结果表明,应变速率对合金流动应力的影响较显著;而变形温度对合金流动应力的影响在较高应变速率时较大,在较低应变速率时较小。动态再结晶晶粒尺寸和动态再结晶体积分数,随温度的升高而增大,随应变速率的增大而减小。从晶粒细化和动态再结晶组织均匀性考虑,当真应变为0.92时,变形温度选择在950℃～1050℃之间,应变速率选择在0.01s-1为宜。     

建筑Al-Mn-Er-Zr合金屋面板的热变形行为研究

在Gleeble 3500热模拟试验机上,对半连续铸造Al-Mn-Er-Zr合金棒坯进行变形温度350～500℃、应变速率0. 01～10 s-1的高温压缩试验,建立了高温热变形稳态流变方程,并对流变曲线进行了温升修正。结果表明,在相同应变速率下,变形温度的升高会使Al-Mn-Er-Zr合金更容易发生动态再结晶;在相同变形温度下,随着应变速率的增大,Al-Mn-Er-Zr合金中流线组织逐渐粗化,锯齿化程度增大,动态再结晶晶粒有所细化。进行了Al-Mn-Er-Zr合金的应力-应变本构方程建立与求解,得出了在变形温度350～500℃、应变速率0. 01～10 s-1时的高温变形稳态流变方程;高温压缩过程中由温升造成的计算应力与实测应力的误差在10%以内,高温热变形稳态流变方程能够较好的表征Al-Mn-Er-Zr合金的高温流变行为。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.