基于SDW-LSI算法的风力机故障估计与容错控制

为了解决风力机桨距执行器故障导致的桨距角动态响应变慢和输出功率波动的问题,基于辨识理论和解析理论,提出了故障估计和容错控制方法。采用欧拉变换将二阶传递函数转化为辨识方程。利用滑动数据窗最小二乘迭代辨识算法估计桨距系统中的自然频率和阻尼系数。根据解析理论推导补偿函数,将所估计的参数反馈到补偿函数中,调整故障前后系统的关系,从而解决桨距角变慢和输出功率波动的问题。最后,选取桨距执行器液压油空气含量过高故障验证算法的可行性。     

Robust actuator fault compensation accounting for uncertainty in the fault estimation

We propose a fault tolerant control scheme that compensates for actuator faults by adjusting the controller gain based on an estimate of the fault magnitude. The scheme consists of a plant in closed loop with an observer‐based feedback tracking controller, which is adapted to the fault situation diagnosed by a fault detection and isolation algorithm. We give conditions for correct fault detection and isolation and for robust closed‐loop stability accounting for possible errors in the fault estimation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于VxWork的高度容错技术的应用

容错技术能够提高飞行控制系统的可靠性及安全性。主要介绍飞行控制系统的容错技术,针对嵌入式实时操作系统VxWork的特点,进行系统设计,并以高度测量为对象,探讨了一种三余度高度传感器,给出了余度配置、故障检测、任务设置等关键技术,优化及完善了Kalman故障检测。经过大量的测试及半实物仿真试验,该余度方案设计合理可行,不仅较好地完成了高度传感器的余度管理任务,而且有效提高了故障检测率,保证了控制系统的可靠性与容错能力。     

SRAM型FPGA的可重构容错结构研究

针对SRAM型FPGA,提出了一种基于动态可重构技术的容错设计方法,根据瞬态错误概率的高低来动态控制系统的冗余程度。在错误率低的时候,系统采用双备份比较（DWC）,具有较低的面积开销和功耗;在错误率高的时候,系统切换到三模冗余（TMR）排除单个错误的影响。采用基于代理逻辑（Proxy LUT）和早期获取部分可重构(EAPR)的设计方法,以ISCAS’85 benchmark电路中的大型代表电路为验证模块,叙述了动态可重构的容错结构的实现过程,并重点验证了动态可重构容错设计方法和其它静态容错方法相比,在面积和功耗上的优势,结果表明动态可重构容错结构相比混合容错结构而言,其面积开销和功率消耗较小。     

容错控制在电力系统中的应用研究综述

对容错控制在电力系统中的应用研究进行了综述,简要回顾了容错控制的发展历程,阐述了电力系统中容错控制研究的意义和价值,分析了电力系统中应用容错控制的特点,较全面地介绍了其在励磁系统、调速系统、高压直流输电系统、监控系统、FACTS装置和继电保护装置中的应用研究现状。根据电力系统的特点和要求,指出了容错控制研究目前存在的问题和未来发展方向。     

基于Markov model的容错计算机联锁系统可靠性分析

容错设计是提高计算机系统可靠性的有效手段。本文研究了容错控制系统可靠性概念的内涵和定义,并结合工程实践讨论了我国的一种典型容错计算机联锁系统,且建立了考虑故障恢复和故障处理能力的多阶马尔可夫模型,进行了定量分析。     

一种高密度磁场电磁搅拌电源的容错方法

提出了一种高密度磁场电磁搅拌系统电源的容错拓扑结构及其容错控制策略,以提高系统的可靠性和稳定性。首先分析了所提高密度磁场电磁搅拌系统的原理。其次分别对电磁搅拌电源的前级三相整流器和后级两相正交逆变器进行了容错拓扑结构的设计,容错空间大,从结构上提高电磁搅拌电源的可靠性。并提出了脉冲重置方法,结合前后级各自的控制方法,形成容错控制策略,使得容错电磁搅拌电源在故障前后不需转换控制算法,从控制算法上提高电磁搅拌电源的可靠性。通过仿真和实验验证了所提容错电磁搅拌电源拓扑及其容错控制策略的正确性。     

高容错性模块化定子开关磁阻电机

为了进一步提高开关磁阻电机的容错能力,在总结现有结构的模块化定子开关磁阻电机的基础上,提出了"C"形模块化定子开关磁阻电机,"E"形模块化定子开关磁阻电机和混合气隙模块化定子开关磁阻电机,结合结构示意图和磁路图介绍了以上3种模块化定子开关磁阻电机的基本机构和工作原理,研究对比了各种结构的特点,分析结果表明以上3种新型结构的模块化定子开关磁阻电机的制造成本低,维修方便,且由于定子磁极间在电路、磁路和结构上独立,所以电气隔离、磁隔离以及热隔离的能力强,可靠性及容错性能非常好,适合用于多电/全电飞机的电力作动系统.     

永磁电机驱动系统容错策略研究

驱动系统中的功率器件经常会发生开路或短路故障,电机定子绕组也会发生开路故障。这些故障会严重影响永磁电动机系统正常工作,对整个系统的安全性和稳定性造成严重影响。分析永磁电机驱动系统的容错控制策略,并且对各容错策略进行分析比较。展望了永磁电动机容错策略的发展趋势。     

Adaptive fault tolerant control against actuator faults

This paper investigates the problem of adaptive fault tolerant control for a class of dynamic systems with unknown un‐modeled actuator faults. The fault model is assumed to be an unknown nonlinear function of control input, not in the traditional form in which the faults can be described as gain and/or bias faults. Using the property of the basic function of neural networks and the implicit function theorem, a novel neural networks‐based fault tolerant controller is designed. Finally, the lateral dynamics of a front‐wheeled steered vehicle is used to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed design techniques. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

容迟容断传感器网络中基于节点活跃性的路由

容迟容断移动传感器网络DTMSN(delay/disruption tolerant mobile sensor network)用于广泛的数据收集,在DTMSN动态变化的网络环境中传统传感器网络的路由策略不再适用.提出了一种基于节点活跃性的路由策略ABR(activity-based routing),其出发点为:网...     

Sensor network design for complex systems

This paper proposes a strategy to design a minimal and fault‐tolerant sensor network for observability of complex systems. Complex systems are large‐scale dynamic systems composed of interconnected subsystems. The objective is to determine the sensors to be used so that the system is observable while minimizing the number of sensors. The strategy is based on breaking down complex systems into interconnected subsystems. System breakdown helps in treating each subsystem separately and allows using reduced‐order observers rather than a large‐scale observer for the overall system. An academic example is given to illustrate the proposed strategy.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sensor fault diagnosis and fault‐tolerant control for stochastic distribution time‐delayed control systems

In this paper, a new fault diagnosis and fault‐tolerant control method based on the model equivalent transformation is proposed for the stochastic distribution time‐delayed control system, in which the random delay between the controller and the actuator and the external disturbance is considered. The system is modeled by using a linear B‐spline to approximate the probability density function (PDF) of system output. The original system is transformed into an equivalent system without random delay based on the Laplace transformation method. Then, the equivalent system that is converted to the augmentation system with a new state variable is introduced. The observer is designed to estimate the fault information based on the augmentation system. Observer gain matrices and controller parameters are obtained by solving the linear matrix inequality. The PI control algorithm is used to make the PDF of the system output track the desired distribution. Finally, the validity of the proposed method is verified by computer simulation results.     

计及故障重构与信息约束的有源配电网短期可靠性评估方法

配电网短期可靠性可有效反映系统的运行风险,而分布式电源出力变化、网络重构与信息系统状态都是其重要影响因素。为此,提出了计及故障重构与信息约束的有源配电网短期可靠性评估模型和方法。首先构建基于马尔可夫过程的配电网元件短期停运模型,然后建立考虑故障重构与信息物理耦合的有源配电网故障后最优负荷削减模型,提出基于有向虚拟多商品流模型的考虑故障重构与孤岛划分的最优负荷削减策略,建立适用于故障重构与孤岛划分的辐射状拓扑约束以及考虑信息系统对配电网支撑作用的信息约束,实现对故障后果的精确分析。在此基础上,提出基于模型驱动的有源配电网短期可靠性评估方法,并进一步针对基于模型驱动的方法所存在的快速性不足缺点,采用“离线建模,在线评估”思想,提出基于最小二乘支持向量机的改进短期可靠性快速评估方法,实现了短期可靠性的快速评估。基于算例分析了负荷削减策略、分布式电源出力、信息物理耦合对系统可靠性的影响,验证了所提方法的有效性以及所提负荷削减策略对可靠性提升的优越性。     

绕组分段永磁直线电机切换位置传感器故障诊断及容错控制

绕组分段永磁直线同步电机绕组切换过程中位置传感器信号的丢失,将导致电机速度剧烈波动,引起电机失步。针对以上问题,提出一种切换位置传感器故障诊断及容错控制方法。设计了绕组切换位置检测方法,研究了位置接近开关传感器的故障类型及信号特征,利用动子的运行速度及相邻的位置传感器信号进行传感器状态预测,并结合相邻传感器的边沿触发顺序及传感器状态预测值进行故障诊断。当检测到位置传感器故障时,隔离发生故障的传感器,采用估计值替代故障传感器输出驱动信号,可靠切换绕组分段永磁直线同步电机定子绕组,实现传感器容错控制。利用绕组分段永磁直线电机无绳提升系统进行了实验研究,研究结果表明,当增大传感器间隙,模拟传感器信号丢失故障时,电机定子绕组仍能可靠切换,电机速度运行平稳,该位置传感器故障诊断与容错控制方法可以满足绕组分段永磁直线电机切换控制实时性和可靠性要求,实验结果证明了其可行性和有效性。     

Adaptive fault tolerant control for a class of multi‐input multi‐output nonlinear systems with both sensor and actuator faults

Compared with the fault diagnosis, detection, and isolation literature, very few results are available to discuss control algorithms directly for multi‐input multi‐output nonlinear systems with both sensor and actuator faults in the fault tolerant control literature. In this work, we present a fault tolerant control algorithm to address the system output stabilization problem for a class of multi‐input multi‐output nonlinear systems with both parametric and nonparametric uncertainties, subject to sensor and actuator faults that can be both multiplicative and additive. All elements of the sensor measurements and actuator components can be faulty. Besides, the control input gain function is not fully known. Backstepping method is used in the analysis and control design. We show that under the proposed control scheme, uniformly ultimate boundedness of the system output is guaranteed, while all closed‐loop system signals stay bounded. In the cases where the sensor faults are only multiplicative, exponential convergence of the system state variables into small neighbourhoods around zero is guaranteed. An illustrative example on a robot manipulator model is presented in the end to further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

Signal analysis‐based fault classification and estimation of fault location of an unbalanced network using S‐transform and neural network

This paper demonstrates a technique for the diagnosis of the type of fault and the faulty phase on an overhead transmission line, followed by locating the particular fault on the affected phase. The power system network considered in this study is a three‐phase transmission line with unbalanced loading simulated in the PowerSim Toolbox of MATLAB. S‐transform is used to compute the energy components of the voltage signals of the three phases of the transmission line. These features are used as input vectors of a probabilistic neural network (PNN) for fault detection and classification. Detection of the faulty phase(s) is followed by estimation of fault location. The voltage signal of the affected phase is processed to generate the S‐matrix. The frequency components of the S‐matrices for different fault locations are used as input vectors for training a backpropagation neural network (BPNN). The results are obtained with satisfactory accuracy and speed. All the simulations have been done in MATLAB environment for different values of fault locations, fault resistances, and fault inception angles. The effect of noise on the simulated voltage signals has been investigated. The analysis has been further extended by implementing the proposed method in a modified version of IEEJ West 10 machine system model. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

配电网故障恢复方法的研究

讨论了配电网故障恢复的原则和过程,分析提出了故障恢复的有关数学模型及其特点,最后举例分析了配电网自动化系统中实现自动恢复供电的流程和具体措施。     

某容错级数据中心的供配电方案

简要介绍了容错级数据中心的建设标准,根据容错级数据中心的建设标准,详细说明了此类数据中心电力负荷的等级分类、供配电设计原则,并以苏州工业园区某容错级数据中心建设为例,介绍了此类数据中心的的供配电方案。     

A fault‐tolerant modular multilevel inverter topology

Multilevel inverter topologies have received an increasing importance for their modular structures with better integration of renewable energy sources and reduced filtering requirements. But reliability is compromised in the process of decreasing the number of switches to produce the maximum number of voltage levels. This paper elevates a single‐phase fault‐tolerant inverter topology, which is modular in structure. The proposed inverter is analyzed for open‐ or short‐circuit faults in sources and open‐circuit faults in switches. Sine Pulse Width Modulation with multicarriers technique is used to control the circuit. The carrier signals are reconfigured under fault conditions based on levels to be generated by bypassing the faulted switch or source. The circuit is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK, and experimental setup is developed to claim the fault tolerance of proposed inverter.