基于双弯管法的稀相固相质量流量测量北大核心CSCD

双弯管法固相质量流量测量方法是以弯管流量计为基础,可实时测量气固两相流固相质量流量的方法。在前人研究的基础上对双弯管法固相质量流量测量模型进行了优化改进,建立了考虑气固两相流固相体积时的数学模型,并进行了实验研究,给出了基于新模型的固相质量流量计算公式。实验结果表明:新数学模型可以提高固相质量流量的测量精度,降低测量误差,与实际情况更加接近。     

基于双弯管法的稀相固相质量流量测量

双弯管法固相质量流量测量方法是以弯管流量计为基础,可实时测量气固两相流固相质量流量的方法。在前人研究的基础上对双弯管法固相质量流量测量模型进行了优化改进,建立了考虑气固两相流固相体积时的数学模型,并进行了实验研究,给出了基于新模型的固相质量流量计算公式。实验结果表明:新数学模型可以提高固相质量流量的测量精度,降低测量误差,与实际情况更加接近。     

气固两相流质量流量测量的新方法

文提出了一种采用电容传感器测量气固两相流质量流量的新方法。通过电容传感器对固相浓度的测量,可以求出气固两相流的固气比,结合气固混合之前所测得的载气流量,便可测出固相的质量流量。实测结果显示,测量误差小于5     

三相流分相浓度测量平台的标定试验

根据多相流流动特性对固相质量流量及流速之间的依赖关系,通过在以气力输送系统为基础的煤粉/生物质/空气三相流分相浓度测量系统实验平台上,对固相质量流量及风速分别进行了标定试验.结合标定结果将固体颗粒质量流量转换成所需的固相体积浓度,最终达到测量系统的测试要求.     

基于静电传感器的气固两相流质量流量测量方法的研究

固相微粒的体积浓度和平均速度是测量两相流质量流量的2个关键参数。本文研究了基于静电传感器的双参数法测量质量流量的新方法。对体积浓度的测量,首先通过对系统等效电路的分析及求解泊松方程并结合体积浓度与空间电荷密度的关系,建立了传感器输出电压与体积浓度之间的数学模型,而对固相速度的测量则采用了波形法,记录通过上、下游传感器的时间差,计算出固相速度。在得到固相体积浓度与速度的基础上,由质量流量的计算公式即可得到两相流的质量流量。     

基于双截面ECT的气/固两相流参数检测系统

为了实现多相流的流动过程在线监测和多参数测量,设计并研发了一套应用于气/固两相流检测的双截面8电极电容层析成像系统.采用交流法电容检测原理实现具有16个独立电容检测通道的电容测量电路,实测系统的成像速度为590帧/秒.将双截面电容层析成像系统用于气/固两相流的实时检测,并将两层截面的图像作相关计算,获取成像截面的固相速度分布.由固相速度和浓度最终算出气/固两相流的固相质量流量,从而实现气/固两相流浓度、速度、流量等多参数的综合检测.将双截面ECT传感器算得的质量流量与发料罐重力传感器获取的质量流量作对比发现,两者具有较好的一致性,流量测量误差小于8％.     

基于融合传感器的气固两相流参数检测系统设计

为了快速实现气固两相流输送过程中的多参数检测,设计了一种基于双圆环静电传感器和螺旋式电容传感器融合传感器的参数测量系统。采用螺旋电极电容传感器测量管内固相相对浓度,以降低电容传感器灵敏场不均匀对浓度测量的影响。将双圆环静电传感器的信号作互相关运算获得固相速度。由固相流速与相对浓度最终计算出固相质量流量,从而实现气固两相流的流速、浓度、流量等参数的综合测量。将系统测量的质量流量与重力传感器检测的质量流量相对比,两者误差小于7%,具有较好的一致性。     

基于复合检测的气固两相质量测量系统的设计

介绍一种气固两相流固质量流量测量新技术,它利用传热学的原理,通过两点气体的流速测量,湿度测量和信息融合处理,可以实现固相质量流量的测量。     

电容式气固两相流的参数测量系统

为了实现气固两相流的多参数的测量和在线监测,设计并研发了一套基于直流充放电原理的气固两相流参数测量系统,其中主要包括与双螺旋式传感器相连接的2个电容检测通道的电容检测电路和实验平台,将双通道采集的电容数据通过相关算法的处理,获取截面固相速度,从而推算出气固两相流的固相质量流量,进而实现了气固两相流的多参数综合检测。将算得的质量流量与发料斗上的重力传感器获取的质量流量作对比,实验结果表明两者具有较好的一致性。     

固相浓度对深海采矿矿浆泵空化性能影响规律

为分析固相浓度对深海采矿矿浆泵空化特性的影响,通过空化核子理论、质能方程建立气相和液相、固相和液相之间的联系,探求气固两相之间的理论关系,进行固相参数对深海采矿矿浆泵空化性能影响分析,并采用mixture多相流模型,RNG k-ε湍流模型,Schnerr and Sauer空化模型,在fluent软件中对矿浆泵进行稳态空化仿真。比较不同颗粒浓度对矿浆泵流场压力分布、气相分布及工作性能的影响,为矿浆泵空化特性提供依据。研究结果表明:空化发生时的临界气泡半径与固相浓度及其流量可通过液体压强建立联系,固相颗粒浓度越大、固相流量越大,空化将提前发生,抗空化性能将下降;随着固相浓度的增加,在矿浆泵首级叶轮叶片背面入口处压力降幅增大,气相体积分数增大,泵扬程减小,汽蚀余量减小。     

An instrumentation system for multi-parameter measurements of gas-solid two-phase flow based on Capacitance-Electrostatic sensor

In this paper, an instrumentation system for the measurements of local solid volumetric concentration, local solid velocity, local solid mass flowrate and solid mass flowrate in gas-solid two-phase flow system is developed. It is based on a new type of a Capacitance-Electrostatic sensor (CES). The CES sensor is mainly composed of a capacitance electrode array and two electrostatic electrode arrays. The optimum design of the sensor is achieved by finite element method. The capacitance electrode array is employed to detect the solid distribution over the cross-section of the pipe, and the local solid volumetric concentration measurement is further derived. The electrostatic electrode arrays are used to measure the local solid velocities in conjunction with cross-correlation method. From the local solid velocity and local volumetric concentration, the solid mass flowrate and the local solid mass flowrate can be achieved. The developed system for the local solid volumetric concentration measurement is verified through analogue simulation experiments and static experiments. Finally, the system is employed to measure the local solid volumetric concentration, local solid velocity, local solid mass flowrate and solid mass flowrate on a belt conveyor. The experimental results show that the measurement error of the local solid volumetric concentration measurement results are less than 10.43% for solid local volumetric concentration ranging from 0.02 to 0.56, the standard deviations of the local solid velocity measurement results are less than 0.42 for solid velocity ranging from 3.5 m/s to 15.0 m/s, and the relative error of the solid mass flowrate is within −19.6% to +14.9% for solid mass flowrate ranging from 0.006 kg/s to 0.103 kg/s, indicating that the system is capable of achieving multi-parameters measurement in gas-solid two-phase flow system.     

Spindle Thermal Error Optimization Modeling of a Five-axis Machine Tool

Aiming at the problem of low machining accuracy and uncontrollable thermal errors of NC machine tools, spindle thermal error measurement, modeling and compensation of a two turntable five-axis machine tool are researched. Measurement experiment of heat sources and thermal errors are carried out, and GRA(grey relational analysis) method is introduced into the selection of temperature variables used for thermal error modeling. In order to analyze the influence of different heat sources on spindle thermal errors, an ANN(artificial neural network) model is presented, and ABC(artificial bee colony) algorithm is introduced to train the link weights of ANN, a new ABCNN(Artificial bee colony-based neural network) modeling method is proposed and used in the prediction of spindle thermal errors. In order to test the prediction performance of ABC-NN model, an experiment system is developed, the prediction results of LSR(least squares regression), ANN and ABC-NN are compared with the measurement results of spindle thermal errors. Experiment results show that the prediction accuracy of ABC-NN model is higher than LSR and ANN, and the residual error is smaller than 3 lm, the new modeling method is feasible. The proposed research provides instruction to compensate thermal errors and improve machining accuracy of NC machine tools.     

应用双光纤传感器的涡轮流量计结构、特性及试验研究

本文叙述了将反射型光纤传感器与传统的涡轮流量测量原理相结合,进行具有双光纤传感器的涡轮流量计的实验研究。与传统的内磁式涡轮流量计相比具备了正反流量测量的性能。实验研究结论表明：应用双光纤传感器涡轮流量计可进行双向流量测量,两个流量信号经鉴别电路实现了双向流动的检测。对于单向流量测量,也可通过流量计算机的算法消除因水击产生的脉动流造成涡轮往复震动而引起的计量误差。扩展了涡轮流量计的量程比,不存在内磁式传感器在低流速时与涡轮叶片产生磁阻而引起的误差。     

基于门控循环单元的动态过程下两相 CO2 质量流量测量

针对碳捕集与封存条件下科里奥利质量流量计测量气液两相CO_2动态过程质量流量时误差较大的问题,本文提出了一种基于门控循环单元(GRU)的动态过程下气液两相CO_2质量流量校正方法。利用GRU适合动态过程预测的特点,使用来自CO_2气液两相流实验平台的采集数据,对GRU网络模型进行训练,并使用网格搜索法结合K折交叉验证优化模型参数。使用八组典型工况下的测试集对优化后的GRU模型在测量精度和泛化性能方面进行了评估,并与最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)模型进行了对比分析。实验结果表明GRU模型优于LS-SVM模型,并且GRU模型在动态波动发生后的平稳阶段,其输出结果能够快速跟随CO_2质量流量变化,相对误差在±5%以内。     

High GVF and low pressure gas–liquid two-phase flow measurement based on dual-cone flowmeter

Parameter measurement of gas–liquid two-phase flows with a high gas volume fraction (GVF) has received great attention in the research field of multiphase flow. The cone meter, as a new proposed differential pressure (DP) meter, is increasingly being applied in flowrate measurement of gas–liquid two-phase flow. A dual-parameter measurement method of gas–liquid two-phase flow based on a dual-cone meter is proposed. The two-phase flow is investigated in a horizontal pipeline with high GVF and low pressure, and exists in the form of annular flow. By adding a second cone meter, both gas mass fraction (GMF) and mass flowrate are measured. The pressure drop performances of five different sized cones have been discussed to make a cooperating cone selection and efficiently position the dual-cone in the pipe. Dual-cone flowmeter experiments of 0.45 and 0.65 equivalent diameter ratio combination, and 0.65 and 0.85 equivalent diameter ratio combination are respectively carried out to analyze the linearity of two-phase flow multiplier with Lockhart–Martinelli parameter and obtain the dual-parameter measurement results. The relative experiment error of GMF, gas mass flowrate and total mass flowrate are respectively within ±7%, ±5% and ±10%. The relative error of the liquid phase is within ±10% when the liquid mass fraction is beyond 40%. The experimental results show that it is efficient to utilize this dual-cone method for high GVF and low pressure gas–liquid two-phase flow measurement.     

压电陶瓷微位移工作台的建模方法

压电陶瓷存在着迟滞非线性特性,而且在运行过程中,特性的变化规律也是未知的、不确定的,难以用传统方法获取既有足够精确性又不至于过分复杂的压电陶瓷微位移工作台的数学模型。基于神经网络,本文提出了一种新的建模方法。分析了微位移工作台的结构和建模方法,利用神经网络的自学习和自适应能力,在线调整模型结构和参数,减小工作台的建模误差,为控制系统提供了更为准确的模型信息。采用工作台的位移数据对网络模型进行了训练,实验结果表明,在80 μm行程范围内,工作台的平均定位误差为80 nm,最大误差为100 nm,基本满足纳米定位的精度要求。     

Stability-boundary effect in Coriolis meters

The Coriolis meter is used for measuring the mass flowrate and density of fluids. If a measuring range is not sufficiently far from the stability boundary of its measuring tube (critical flowrate), both measuring effects can no longer be independent. This paper discusses a mathematical model of the straight, slender tube meter, solved by the Galerkin method. Utilizing a power series expansion in fluid velocity, theoretical characteristics are derived, including the stability-boundary effect. Based on theoretical findings, a procedure is suggested to make corrections of the interaction between the mass flowrate and density measurement.     

Air–water two-phase flow measurement using a Venturi meter and an electrical resistance tomography sensor

A method for air–water two-phase flow measurement is proposed using a Venturi meter combined with an Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) sensor. Firstly, the real-time flow pattern of the two-phase flow is identified using the ERT sensor. Secondly, the void fraction of the two-phase flow is calculated from the conductance values through a void fraction measurement model, developed using the LS-SVM regression method. Thirdly, the mass quality is determined from the void fraction through void fraction-quality correlation. And finally, the mass flowrate of the two-phase flow is calculated from the mass quality and the differential pressure across the Venturi meter. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for the measurement of the mass flowrate of air–water flow. The proposed method introduces the flow pattern information in the measurement process, which minimizes the influence of flow pattern on the conventional differential pressure based methods. In addition, the mass quality is calculated from the void fraction, so the difficulty to obtain the mass quality in conventional methods is also overcome. Meanwhile, the new method is capable for providing concurrent measurements of multiple parameters of the two-phase flow including void fraction, mass quality and mass flowrate as well as an indication of the flow pattern.     

A modified model for wet gas flowrate measurement considering entrainment downstream of a cone meter

To develop a reliable wet gas flowrate measurement model, the relationships between pressure drop characteristics and entrainment downstream of the cone are investigated experimentally. The equivalent diameter ratio of the cone is 0.45. The experimental fluids are air and tap water with X_LM in the range of 0–0.3. The two-phase mass flow coefficient and pressure loss ratio are employed to establish the measurement model. The piecewise characteristics of pressure loss ratio are disclosed innovatively, which is explained by the different intensity of entrainment downstream of cone caused by gas-liquid jetting. A simplified method for evaluating the degree of entrainment is proposed to facilitate the establishment of the modified measurement model. Under the present experimental conditions, the relative error of liquid fluctuates within ±20% when X_LM is larger than 0.02, and the relative error of gas flowrate is within ±5%. Compared with the model without piecewise consideration, the relative error of the liquid flowrate of the modified model reduces obviously under low wetness conditions (0.02<X_LM<0.1). The modified measurement model provides a reliable and cost-effective technology for wet gas flowrate measurement.     

多声道超声流量计在弯管段安装的适应性研究

针对在不具备直管段安装条件时,如何合理地选取多声道超声流量计的声道数量、测量断面及安装角度,本文从数学建模、误差分析、数值计算仿真与试验分析等方面,对DN400多声道超声流量计在弯管中的适应性进行了综合研究.利用高斯-雅克比数值积分法,给出了试验数据处理与数值仿真的数学模型,并分析了模型误差及横流的影响,提出利用双断面测量可减小横流的影响,并在数值仿真和试验中得到了验证.通过对声道数量、测量断面、安装角度进行数值仿真和试验表明,安装角度对低流速测量影响显著,最佳安装角应为0°;高流速测量应选用双断面,可根据测量精度的要求选用8声道或18声道.仿真结果与试验结果得到了很好的吻合,为进一步指导试验奠定了理论基础.