用动态光散射现代谱估计法测量纳米颗粒

为了解决目前动态光散射软件信号分析法采用的自相关和功率谱估计存在分辨率和方差较低,以及能谱泄漏问题,提出了基于现代功率谱估计的动态光散射信号分析法。对该系统所采用的现代功率谱估计算法和测量系统进行了研究。首先,介绍了动态光散射测量法涉及的光子相关光谱理论和散射光谱估计理论。接着,描述了基于现代功率谱估计的动态散射光谱法,特别是其中阶数p的计算方法。然后,介绍了测量系统,包括硬件部分的光学系统和信号采集处理系统,软件部分的系统开发流程。最后,对粒径分别为30、50、100nm的乳胶球标准颗粒溶液(透光率为96%)进行了实验。实验结果表明:现代谱估计分析法的测量均值误差和重复性误差的平均值分别为1.88%和1.62%,满足国标要求的均值误差和重复性误差2%。     

基于双光路的镜头污染度检测在颗粒物浓度测量中的研究

为了解决光散射法颗粒物浓度在线监测系统中激光检测镜头容易受到污染的问题,设计了具有光学镜头污染度自检功能的双光路颗粒物浓度检测系统,对不同污染度光学镜头的散射光信号强度进行实验测量,结合米散射理论的颗粒物浓度计算,得到光学镜头污染程度与激光检测信号衰减的关系。结果表明,随着激光检测镜头污染程度的加重,光散射法测量的颗粒物浓度值会出现严重的负偏差,双光路颗粒物浓度检测系统能够用于光学镜头污染度检测,通过光学镜头污染度的实时测量,可计算出光学镜头由于污染而造成的光信号衰减度,光学镜头污染程度达到25%时,修正后的颗粒物浓度测量误差≤11.92%。     

基于Mie散射的水中油污在线检测技术研究

近年来,陆地、海洋等水体频发漏油污染事件,水中油类污染检测刻不容缓。基于Mie散射原理,提出了一种采用近红外光散射技术实现水中矿物油含量在线检测方法。近红外半导体激光器(LD)发射光照射在待测溶液上,在线阵CMOS感光器件上接收到被测溶液前向小角度连续点散射光,分析、处理散射光分布数据,从而确定水中矿物油的种类及其浓度。实验测定了不同浓度不同种类矿物油样本的散射曲线,验证了理论分析的结果。设计的近红外光散射技术可用于水中油含量的在线监测。     

用光透消光法测定颗粒物质的折射率

基于Ｍｉｅ光散射理论及Ｌａｍｂｅｒｔ—Ｂｅｅｒ光透射定律，本文提出一种测定颗粒状物质的折射率的有效方法──光透消光法。本文给出了测量原理、方法及对几种标准颗粒折射率的实测结果     

光纤式动态光散射系统综述

动态光散射技术是探测悬浮液中亚微米颗粒动力学性质的最有效方法。光纤的使用使得小型、便携及在线式动态光散射仪器成为可能。首先指出了多模光纤动态光散射系统的缺点,然后详细分析了各种单模光纤动态光散射系统的结构特点,最后指出了目前光纤式动态光散射研究的发展动向及其面临的问题。     

基于手持设备的烟尘浓度监测软件设计

烟尘浓度是大气环境质量监测的一项重要指标,本文介绍了一种检测烟尘浓度的常用方法 -光散射法,设计了一种基于ARM嵌入式设备的烟尘浓度在线监测系统,完全可以通过搭载Android系统的智能手机来实时监测烟尘浓度,相比传统的人工监测,它具有更大的移动性、便捷性。本文主要讨论了监测系统的软件部分设计,首先利用无线网络接收传感器采集到的数据,然后进行分析计算并在手持设备上存储和绘制动态曲线,这种方法比起传统的有线连接的监测设备更加灵活。     

光学粉尘浓度测量仪响应特性曲线的计算与分析

根据 Mie散射理论计算了 5种光学粉尘浓度测量仪的光散射响应特性曲线 ,对照呼吸性粉尘在人体呼吸道中的沉降效率曲线 ,对这些光学粉尘浓度测量仪的响应特性进行了分析。得出的结论是 :采用近前向型光散射结构、多波长照明光源和大孔径散射光收集系统的光学粉尘浓度测量仪 ,其响应特性曲线更接近于人体对呼吸性粉尘的采集效率     

薄板激光焊接质量在线监测系统

介绍了薄板激光焊接时，焊接质量在线实时监测系统及声、光信号的采集和处理方法、实验结果。该系统为高效率的激光焊接提供了可靠的质量保证。     

激光散射粒子动态相位多普勒分析系统

研究和建立了以几何光学近似光散射理论为基础的激光相位多普勒空间干涉条纹模型。计算得到了微粒对激光散射的空间相干条纹图形与粒径及散射参数的依从关系。将其应用于研制的双检测器相位多普勒实验系统,给出了系统功能和典型的实验结果。     

在线分析器样品处理系统技术应用及发展综论

以21世纪前沿技术的高端视野来审视在线分析系统的样品处理系统技术，样品处理系统技术是过程分析器工程应用系统（以下简称在线分析系统）的核心和关键技术，确立这一最新的核心技术观念意义深远，将对在线分析系统的推广应用和在线分析工程技术的发展，产生极大的激励和促进作用。     

激光聚焦线扫描法测量KDP晶体坯片的体缺陷

为了快速准确测量磷酸二氢钾(KDP)晶体坯片的体缺陷,提出了高速激光聚焦线扫描散射成像方法,并建立了相应的测量系统。研究了该系统的测量原理和图像采集、图像处理和体缺陷信息提取方法。基于激光散射技术,结合高速运动装置对晶体坯片内部进行三维扫描,用线阵CCD探测器接收气泡、包裹物等体缺陷产生的散射光。然后利用折射率匹配液消除粗糙表面带来的不利影响。最后结合数字图像处理技术,对采集的图像进行实时处理。通过去除背景后与设定阈值比较得到具有体缺陷特征的图像,再对其进行二值化处理,提取得到体缺陷的位置和尺寸信息。利用该检测装置对KDP晶体坯片体缺陷进行了测量,结果显示其检测分辨率优于40μm,能够为晶体坯片的精确切割和最大程度的利用提供依据,从而节省了大量成本。     

基于遗传算法的结构光条纹中心检测方法

为提高结构光三维信息获取系统的精度,提出了一种激光条纹中心检测算法.该算法基于遗传算法并具有优化图像阈值选取的性能,可以很好地分割激光条纹.利用图像处理和方向模板的方法,在激光条纹的基础上进一步提取激光中心线.实验表明在合理选择遗传算法的交叉率和变异率的情况下,能够准确有效地获取结构光条纹中心,满足系统精度的要求.     

基于CCD相机的光纤传像器件光谱透过率测试仪设计

光谱透过率是分析光纤传像器件透光性能的一个关键参数,提出了一种用积分球与CCD相机的光谱透过率测试仪的原理、组成和图像处理软件。方法是通过计算不同波长下图像的灰度值,测量光谱透过率。对仪器所需的光源、滤光片的特性进行了分析。测试结果表明,对于不同厚度的光纤传像器件,光谱透过率的变化规律基本一致。检测证明这种仪器测试速度快、操作方便,测量结果准确可靠。     

A study on a vision sensor system for tracking the I-Butt weld joints

In this study, a visual sensor system for weld seam tracking the I-butt weld joints in GMA welding was constructed. The sensor system consists of a CCD camera, a diode laser with a cylindrical lens and a band-pass-filter to overcome the degrading of image due to spatters and arc light. In order to obtain the enhanced image, quantitative relationship between laser intensity and iris opening was investigated. Throughout the repeated experiments, the shutter speed was set at 1/1000 second for minimizing the effect of spatters on the image, and therefore the image without the spatter traces could be obtained. Region of interest was defined from the entire image and gray level of the searched laser stripe was compared to that of weld line. The differences between these gray levels lead to spot the position of weld joint using central difference method. The results showed that, as long as weld line is within ±15° from the longitudinal straight line, the system constructed in this study could track the weld line successfully. Since the processing time is no longer than 0.05 sec, it is expected that the developed method could be adopted to high speed welding such as laser welding.     

Microscopic spectral imaging using a video camera

A technique is described which permits the simultaneous acquisition of multiple fluorescent emission and/or absorption spectra from discrete regions of a specimen under microscopic observation. The instrument consists of a modified inverted microscope, an optical diffraction grating, a silicon intensified target (SIT) camera, and a digital video image processor. Observation of the zero diffraction order of the grating with the SIT camera permits an optical slice of the specimen to be selected by positioning the region of interest over the entrance slit of the grating housing. To obtain the spectral characteristics of this optical slice, the grating is rotated to impinge the first order diffraction on the camera. The video image of this first order diffraction maintains spatial integrity along the slit's long axis and provides spectral dispersion on the perpendicular axis. Thus, each of the horizontal video lines along the long axis of the slit represents a spectral analysis of the corresponding spatial location within the specimen. The spectral resolution (0.2 nm/channel) of each video line is determined by the resolution of the camera system in conjunction with the resolution of the grating. The image processing system acquires and processes all 500 spectra in 33 ms and permits the accurate localization of the source of each spectrum in the slice. This type of topological spectral analysis permits the determination of both spatial and spectral characteristics of intrinsic or extrinsic chromophores within the specimen. In addition, this technique permits the detection of and the possible correction for photobleaching, light scattering and image plane effects. The application of this technique to the study of single cells is discussed and an example of the technique in determining the fluorescence spectra of acridine orange within the nucleus of an intact mammalian blastocyst is described.     

On-line image processing in high resolution electron microscopy

On-line processing and analysis of high resolution electron microscope (HREM) images has been implemented using a software controlled image processor based on a commercial digital video framestore. It directly digitizes the output from the low light TV camera on the HREM and applies any processing necessary. The conditions under which images from amorphous specimens are being obtained can be established on-line. The fast fourier transforms (FFTs) of 256 times 256 pixels produced in 15 s with the system off-line are comparable to those from diffraction analysis of the same data on a laser optical bench. The precision of analysis of defocus, aberrations and astigmatism on-line is discussed, together with possible approaches to routine analysis of crystalline specimens and for interactive control.     

Development of an optical inspection platform for surface defect detection in touch panel glass

An optical inspection platform combining parallel image processing with high resolution opto-mechanical module was developed for defect inspection of touch panel glass. Dark field images were acquired using a 12288-pixel line CCD camera with 3.5 µm per pixel resolution and 12 kHz line rate. Key features of the glass surface were analyzed by parallel image processing on combined CPU and GPU platforms. Defect inspection of touch panel glass, which provided 386 megapixel image data per sample, was completed in roughly 5 seconds. High detection rate of surface scratches on the touch panel glass was realized with minimum defects size of about 10 µm after inspection. The implementation of a custom illumination source significantly improved the scattering efficiency on the surface, therefore enhancing the contrast in the acquired images and overall performance of the inspection system.     

基于荧光成像的准分子激光系统多路光束自动准直

研究了基于准直光束成像的准分子激光主振荡功率放大(MOPA)系统的多路光束自动准直,实现了激光在放大器中的多程放大及高的靶面指向精度。采用352nm He-Cd激光作为准直光源,提出了多光束感光屏同步接收与可见光CCD荧光成像相结合的复合图像采集技术,解决了自动准直系统多路激光的近场、远场图像获取问题。利用图像区域分割处理方法编制了准直信息处理软件,实现了对多光束的自动准直闭环反馈控制。最后,结合准分子激光MOPA系统中的预放大器光学设计进行了自动准直验证实验。结果表明:准直成像光强可调谐倍数为300,成像系统在放大器窗口处固有误差占放大器口径比例小于设计值1.08%,3路激光的自动准直时间为40s,完全满足放大器的几何填充和能量提取要求。     

焊缝成形线结构光视觉检测方法研究

针对焊缝尺寸测量和表面成形质量评估问题,研究一种基于线结构光的焊缝视觉成形检测系统。在详细论述结构光视觉传感器的组成结构以及标定过程的基础上,优化图像预处理流程,提出了基于边界限定的灰度重心法来提取激光条纹中心线。以单像素的激光条纹为信息源表征焊缝轮廓,融合多特征点提取算法实现激光条纹轮廓特征点的检测并基于特征点建立角焊缝的尺寸计算模型,最终实现焊缝尺寸测量。结果表明：该焊缝成形视觉检测系统能满足焊缝检测性能的要求。     

动态线偏振光散射纳米颗粒粒度测量法的研究与分析

多重散射是传统动态光散射法测量纳米颗粒溶液浓度上限受到限制的主要原因。为此文中提出了动态线偏振光散射纳米颗粒粒度测量法,通过改变颗粒入射光和散射光的偏振状态,降低颗粒间多重散射的影响。现利用Mie散射理论分析了入射光与散射光偏振状态之间的关系,并通过实验方法探知偏振光在散射介质中的传输特性,揭示了在动态光散射中使用垂直偏振光作为入射光的实验依据。最后对动态线偏振光散射颗粒测量法和传统光子相关光谱测量法进行了实验及分析,通过两种方法的比较,验证了上述理论的正确性。