专利信息

管道排空防冻式太阳热水器本实用新型为一种管道排空防冻式太阳热水器。它由水箱、集热器、支架和水管组成,其特征为水箱与水管间设有二位三通阀,二位三通阀的一个接口与水箱底部接口相接,另一个接口接水管,第三个接口与水箱顶部接口相接,水管上设排空阀门,二位三通阀为平稳式或旋转式。本专利可方便地上凉水、用热水,并可及时排空水管中的余水,从根本上解决了水管冻结的问题,保证了太阳热水器的良好使用性能。(专利权人淄博华扬太阳能热水器有限公司授权公告号CN2469383Y)图1具有辅助加热功能的太阳热水器本实用新型为一种具有辅助加热功…     

胰腺癌的血管介入治疗

近年,胰腺癌的发病率有逐年上升的趋势,发病率在实体肿瘤中居第8位,死亡率在恶性肿瘤中居第4位[1].胰腺癌的预后不良.一般认为,手术切除是治愈的惟一机会,但只有10%～25%的患者适合手术,即使实行了根治性手术,中位生存时间也仅18～20个月,5年生存率18%～35%[2].未经积极治疗者,1年生存率低于20%,5年生存率为零[3].一般的辅助治疗,联合放化疗虽能减轻患者局部的疼痛,但对提高生存率并无帮助[4],单纯全身静脉化疗,也几乎无效果可言.     

电力电子技术的发展动向和建议

从我国制出第一个晶闸管到现在已有二十多年。现在电力电子行业已发展到125个单位,50000多个职工的规模,成为我国重要的工业部门。1.电力电子技术的地位电力电子器件的基本特点之一是都能以极弱的输入信号控制很大的输出,“放大倍数”极大,这就是电力电子设备成为强、弱电之间理想接口的理论基础。微电子技术和计算机技术的新成就,通过这一接口移植到传统产业部门,可以促使后者产品的更新换代,甚至产业结构的根本变化。所以当今机电产业部门要有所突破,主要出路在于电子化。电力电子器件的另一个     

能源数据集锦

1998年世界一次能源消费总量约为 1 2 8.9× 1 0 8t标准煤 ,其中美国消费 32 .3× 1 0 8t标准煤 ,占世界能源消费的 2 5.1 %,居世界第一位。我国 (不含港、澳、台 )能源消费量为 1 4.1× 1 0 8t标准煤 ,占世界能源消费总量的 1 0 .9%,居世界第二位。 1 998年我国人均能源消费量仅为 1 .1 65t标准煤 ,不足世界人均能源消费水平2 .4t标准煤的一半 ,居世界第 89位。我国是世界上能耗最高的国家之一 ,主要用能产品的单位能耗比发达国家高 2 5%～ 90 %,加权平均高40 %左右。一方面产品能耗高。例如我国火电厂供电煤耗 41 2 g标煤 /k Wh,国际先进…     

氩氦刀冷冻消融挽救治疗胃癌肝转移患者

【摘要】 目的 探讨氩氦刀冷冻消融挽救治疗胃癌肝转移患者的疗效及安全性。方法 回顾分析接受氩氦刀冷冻消融的24例胃癌肝转移患者的临床资料,其中33个可评价病灶。所有患者行CT引导下经皮穿刺肝转移瘤冷冻治疗,研究内容包括术后3个月、6个月及1年的肿瘤局部控制率,总生存率,疾病无进展生存时间,病灶的复发情况,术前术后患者生活质量变化情况及并发症。结果 患者中位随访时间为14（6～48）个月。冷冻消融术后患者生活质量明显提高,术后3个月、6个月及1年的病灶局部控制率分别为91.7%,73.9%,52.6%。经过冷冻消融治疗后,中位疾病无进展生存期为8（1～16）个月,患者中位生存时间为16个月,1年及2年生存率为75.0%及37.5%,未见严重并发症。结论 氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗胃癌肝转移,安全有效,近期疗效确切,可提高患者生活质量。
     

“客运站计算机售票集中管理系统”的可靠性设计

一、系统简介 “客运站计算机售票集中管理系统”是国家科委下达的国家“七·五”重点科技攻关项目,它是一个以上海站为中心的地区性铁路计算机售票集中管理网络系统,具体包括: 1.以上海站票调为中心,联结①北京东路售票所②上海站售票所③和平饭店④华侨饭店等4个网点为主体的计算机售票集中管理系统,并予留8个接口,以便进一步扩充。该系统负责管理网点上各电子售票窗口的软票发售,统一席位和票额管理,具有票额和席位分配、查询、调度、申请、回票等功能,能实现财务、客流、区段统计等功能,及时向运输财务、统计等部门提供售票原始数据和信息。     

柴油机电喷系统中高精度频率计的设计

介绍了电喷系统中高精度频率计电路的设计原理。对频率计中存在的±1个字误差产生的原因进行了分析,并提出了解决的方案,可实现精确度很高的测频。硬件系统功能通过I/O接口板实现,可由微机进行实时监控。     

高压共轨柴油机电控单元(ECU)的硬件设计

根据柴油机高压共轨系统的控制要求,开发基于Infineon XC167 16位芯片的电控单元。采用模块化的设计方法开发电控单元硬件,包括信号采集处理模块、输出与驱动模块,通讯模块,显示及报警接口模块等,编制控制软件,实现共轨压力的控制。     

CT引导下经皮穿刺~(125)I粒子植入治疗肺癌的临床应用

目的 探讨CT引导下经皮穿刺~(125)I粒子植入治疗肺癌临床应用的安全性及疗效.方法 回顾性分析30例经肺穿刺活检、组织学或细胞学检查确诊的肺癌,其中鳞癌13例,腺癌8例,转移性肺癌9例.采用治疗计划系统(TPS)重建肺癌的三维图像,计算出~(125)I粒子植入的数量和剂量分布率,肿瘤匹配周边剂量为80～130 Gy.中位植入粒子35颗(8～83颗).结果 30例患者术后1、3、6、12个月随访,中位生存时间12个月(7～18个月),6、9、12个月累计生存率分别为100%、80.0%、23.3%,随访至12个月肿瘤完全缓解(CR)9例,部分缓解(PR)14例,无变化(NC)4例,进展(PD)3例,1、3、6、12个月总有效率(CR+PR)分别为83%、80%、80%、77%.术后随访发生气胸3例,咯血痰7例.结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺~(125)I粒子植入治疗肺癌是一种相对安全、有效、微创的方法.     

日本地热发电设备生产能力占全世界的70％

居世界地热资源第3位的日本,其地热发电设备能力为世界第8位。居世界地热资源第1位的美国,正在大幅提高设备能力,印尼、菲律宾等也有新的地热发电项目实施。作为不产生CO2的可再生能源,地热发电可一年四季稳定供应电力,利用率高达70％（太阳能发电仅为10％左右）,地热发电厂的凝汽透平排气压力随各地气象条件而异,     

Ash-forming elements in four Scandinavian wood species. Part 1: Summer harvest

Woody biomass in Finland and Sweden comprises mainly four wood species: spruce, pine, birch and aspen. To study the ash, which may cause problems for the combustion device, one tree of each species were cut down and prepared for comparisons with fuel samples. Well-defined samples of wood, bark and foliage were analyzed on 11 ash-forming elements: Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Mn, Na, K, P, S and Cl. The ash content in the wood tissues (0.2–0.7%) was low compared to the ash content in the bark tissues (1.9–6.4%) and the foliage (2.4–7.7%). The woods’ content of ash-forming elements was consequently low; the highest contents were of Ca (410–1340 ppm) and K (200–1310), followed by Mg (70–290), Mn (15–240) and P (0–350). Present in the wood was also Si (50–190), S (50–200) and Cl (30–110). The bark tissues showed much higher element contents; Ca (4800–19,100 ppm) and K (1600–6400) were the dominating elements, followed by Mg (210–2400), P (210–1200), Mn (110–1100) and S (310–750), but the Cl contents (40–330) were only moderately higher in the bark than in the wood. The young foliage (shoots and deciduous leaves) had the highest K (7100–25,000 ppm), P (1600–5300) and S (1100–2600) contents of all tissues, while the shoots of spruce had the highest Cl contents (820–1360) and its needles the highest Si content (5000–11,300). This paper presented a new approach in fuel characterization: the method excludes the presence of impurities, and focus on different categories of plant tissues. This made it possible to discuss the contents of ash element in a wide spectrum of fuel-types, which are of large importance for the energy production in Finland and Sweden.     

NEXT GENERATION ENGINEERED MATERIALS FOR ULTRA SUPERCRITICAL STEAM TURBINES

正1 ABSTRACT To reduce the effect of global warming on our climate,the levels of CO2emissions should be reduced.One way to do this is to increase the efficiency of electricity production from fossil fuels.This will in turn reduce the amount of CO2emissions for a given power output.Using US practice for efficiency calculations,then a move from a typical US plant running at 37%efficiency to a 760℃/38.5 MPa(1 400/5 580 psi)plant running at 48%efficiency would reduce CO2emissions by 170kg/MW.hr or 25%.     

Contents in Volume 23,2014

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Aerodynamic performance effects of leading-edge geometry in gas-turbine blades

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the advantages of the direct surface-curvature distribution blade-design method, originally proposed by Korakianitis, for the leading-edge design of turbine blades, and by extension for other types of airfoil shapes. The leading edge shape is critical in the blade design process, and it is quite difficult to completely control with inverse, semi-inverse or other direct-design methods. The blade-design method is briefly reviewed, and then the effort is concentrated on smoothly blending the leading edge shape (circle or ellipse, etc.) with the main part of the blade surface, in a manner that avoids leading-edge flow-disturbance and flow-separation regions. Specifically in the leading edge region we return to the second-order (parabolic) construction line coupled with a revised smoothing equation between the leading-edge shape and the main part of the blade. The Hodson–Dominy blade has been used as an example to show the ability of this blade-design method to remove leading-edge separation bubbles in gas turbine blades and other airfoil shapes that have very sharp changes in curvature near the leading edge. An additional gas turbine blade example has been used to illustrate the ability of this method to design leading edge shapes that avoid leading-edge separation bubbles at off-design conditions. This gas turbine blade example has inlet flow angle 0°, outlet flow angle −64.3°, and tangential lift coefficient 1.045, in a region of parameters where the leading edge shape is critical for the overall blade performance. Computed results at incidences of −10°,   −5°,   +5°,   +10° are used to illustrate the complete removal of leading edge flow-disturbance regions, thus minimizing the possibility of leading-edge separation bubbles, while concurrently minimizing the stagnation pressure drop from inlet to outlet. These results using two difficult example cases of leading edge geometries illustrate the superiority and utility of this blade-design method when compared with other direct or inverse blade-design methods.     

Hydrogen production by steam-gasification of carbonaceous materials using concentrated solar energy – V. Reactor modeling,optimization, and scale-up

A chemical reactor for the steam-gasification of carbonaceous particles (e.g. coal, coke) is considered for using concentrated solar radiation as the energy source of high-temperature process heat. A two-phase reactor model that couples radiative, convective, and conductive heat transfer to the chemical kinetics is applied to optimize the reactor geometrical configuration and operational parameters (feedstock's initial particle size, feeding rates, and solar power input) for maximum reaction extent and solar-to-chemical energy conversion efficiency of a 5 kW prototype reactor and its scale-up to 300 kW. For the 300 kW reactor, complete reaction extent is predicted for an initial feedstock particle size up to 35 μm at residence times of less than 10 s and peak temperatures of 1818 K, yielding high-quality syngas with a calorific content that has been solar-upgraded by 19% over that of the petcoke gasified.     

汽轮机数字电液调节系统挂闸异常的技术完善

分析了200MW汽轮机数字电液调节系统在运行中存在的挂闸异常问题,采取了相应的技术处理措施,且运行实践效果良好。     

新型高压共轨ECU升压模块的数字化开发与优化

为了提高喷油器电磁阀的响应速率,提出了一种基于CPLD(复杂可编程逻辑器件)应用于高压共轨ECU的数字升压模块。鉴于该升压电路结构参数多,其升压电压的恢复响应要求高等特征,基于Pspice建立了升压电路的仿真模型,研究了不同电路参数下升压模块的输出特性,全面优化了该升压模块的性能。结果显示,该升压模块的最大转换效率可以达90%以上。在柴油发动机上对ECU的试验表明,升压电压最大波动不超过10%,其恢复时间仅为1.3ms,功率管最大温升仅为41℃,满足整机运行范围内ECU的需求。     

Assessment methods of material ageing using Sdobyrev''s creep rupture model

The physical aspects of the activation energy, in higher and high temperatures, of the metal creep process were examined. The research results of creep-rupture in a uniaxial stress state and the criterion of creep-rupture in biaxial stress states, at two temperatures, are then presented. For these studies creep-rupture, taking case iron as an example the energy and pseudoenergy activation was determined. For complex stress states the criterion of creep-rupture was taken to be Sdobyrev's, i.e. σ_red = σ₁ β + (1 − β)σ_i, where: σ₁-maximal principal stress, σ_i-stress intensity, β-material constant (at variable temperature β = β(T)). The methods of assessment of the material ageing grade are given in percentages of ageing of new material in the following mechanical properties: 1) creep strength in uniaxial stress state, 2) activation energy in uniaxial stress state, 3) criterion creep strength in complex stress states, 4) activation pseudoenergy in complex stress states. The methods 1) and 3) are the relatively simplest because they result from experimental investigations only at nominal temperature of the structure work, however, for methods 2) and 4) it is necessary to perform the experimental investigations at least at two temperatures.     

Production of hydrogen from sewage biosolids in a continuously fed bioreactor: Effect of hydraulic retention time and sparging

Hydrogen was produced from primary sewage biosolids via mesophilic anaerobic fermentation in a continuously fed bioreactor. Prior to fermentation the sewage biosolids were heated to 70 °C for 1 h to inactivate methanogens and during fermentation a cellulose degrading enzyme was added to improve substrate availability. Hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 18, 24, 36 and 48 h were evaluated for the duration of hydrogen production. Without sparging a hydraulic retention time of 24 h resulted in the longest period of hydrogen production (3 days), during which a hydrogen yield of 21.9 L H₂ kg⁻¹ VS added to the bioreactor was achieved. Methods of preventing the decline of hydrogen production during continuous fermentation were evaluated. Of the techniques evaluated using nitrogen gas to sparge the bioreactor contents proved to be more effective than flushing just the headspace of the bioreactor. Sparging at 0.06 L L min⁻¹ successfully prevented a decline in hydrogen production and resulted in a yield of 27.0  L H₂ kg⁻¹ VS added, over a period of greater than 12 days or 12 HRT. The use of sparging also delayed the build up of acetic acid in the bioreactor, suggesting that it serves to inhibit homoacetogenesis and thus maintain hydrogen production.     

Trace metal chemistry and silicification of microorganisms in geothermal sinter, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand

As part of a pilot study investigating the role of microorganisms in the immobilisation of As, Sb, B, Tl and Hg, the inorganic geochemistry of seven different active sinter deposits and their contact fluids were characterised. A comprehensive series of sequential extractions for a suite of trace elements was carried out on siliceous sinter and a mixed silica-carbonate sinter. The extractions showed whether metals were loosely exchangeable or bound to carbonate, oxide, organic or crystalline fractions. Hyperthermophilic microbial communities associated with sinters deposited from high temperature (92–94°C) fluids at a variety of geothermal sources were investigated using SEM. The rapidity and style of silicification of the hyperthermophiles can be correlated with the dissolved silica content of the fluid. Although high concentrations of Hg and Tl were found associated with the organic fraction of the sinters, there was no evidence to suggest that any of the heavy metals were associated preferentially with the hyperthermophiles at the high temperature (92–94°C) ends of the terrestrial thermal spring ecosystems studied.