工业物联网中的精确时钟同步: 网络化控制理论观点

本文针对物联网中时变的时钟参数, 运用网络化控制理论观点, 通过对时钟状态建模的本质分析, 区别于"相对时钟建模", 提出了全分布规模化时钟状态追踪卡尔曼滤波(Kalman filtering). 考虑量测的丢失, 则扩展为追踪时钟参数的修正Kalman filtering算法. 我们提出了以BMU (Basic measurement unit)构建新的MMSE (Minimum mean square error)等价变换下的能观测性状态解耦量测模型, 新的量测模型能够实现MMSE量测规模化扩展, 且理论上分析了时钟同步的条件和计算了统计时钟同步误差的相应上界, 并且在时钟同步精度与潜在的通信网络质量间作出了量化均衡.     

Tracking Control of Multi-Agent Systems Using a Networked Predictive PID Tracking Scheme

With the rapid development of network technology and control technology, a networked multi-agent control system is a key direction of modern industrial control systems, such as industrial Internet systems. This paper studies the tracking control problem of networked multi-agent systems with communication constraints, where each agent has no information on the dynamics of other agents except their outputs. A networked predictive proportional integral derivative(PPID) tracking scheme is proposed t...     

Performance limitations for networked control systems with plant uncertainty

There has recently been significant interest in performance study for networked control systems with communication constraints. But the existing work mainly assumes that the plant has an exact model. The goal of this paper is to investigate the optimal tracking performance for networked control system in the presence of plant uncertainty. The plant under consideration is assumed to be non-minimum phase and unstable, while the two-parameter controller is employed and the integral square criterion is adopted to measure the tracking error. And we formulate the uncertainty by utilising stochastic embedding. The explicit expression of the tracking performance has been obtained. The results show that the network communication noise and the model uncertainty, as well as the unstable poles and non-minimum phase zeros, can worsen the tracking performance.     

H.263+视频差错跟踪恢复技术研究与实现

压缩编码的视频数据对传输差错极其敏感 ,为了有效地抑制和纠正网络传输错误对解码图像质量的影响 ,介绍了H .2 63 标准推荐的一种有效消除传输错误的基于反馈的差错跟踪 (ErrorTracking)恢复方案 ,并在H .2 63 编解码器TMN1 0的框架下 ,对其算法进行了实现 ;最后进行了实验比较。研究结果表明 ,该方法对抑制传输干扰的扩散和恢复差错具有较好的效果。     

An optimal adaptive H-infinity tracking control design via wavelet network

In this paper, an optimal adaptive H-infinity tracking control design method via wavelet network for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with external disturbances is proposed to achieve H-infinity tracking performance. First, an alternate tracking error and a performance index with respect to the tracking error and the control effort are introduced in order to obtain better performance, especially, in reducing the cost of the control effort in the case of small attenuation levels. Next, H-infinity tracking performance, which attenuates the influence of both wavelet network approximation error and external disturbances on the modified tracking error, is formulated. Our results indicate that a small attenuation level does not lead to a large control signal. The proposed method insures an optimal trade-off between the amplitude of control signals and the performance of tracking errors. An example is given to illustrate the design efficiency.     

一类非线性时变不确定SIMO系统的自适应双网络设计

提出一种新颖的由粗调网络和细调网络构成的自适应双网络设计以消除伺服系统的未知时变不确定性. 粗调网络基于滑动模态控制, 数值逼近和误差补偿技术. 细调网络用于补偿跟踪误差, 由神经网络和基于在线曲线拟合的预测网络构成. 本文提供了详尽的理论分析和实现算法. 与现有方法的仿真比较验证了该设计的有效性.     

输出饱和多智能体系统的迭代学习趋同跟踪控制

针对带有输出饱和的多智能体系统有限时间趋同跟踪控制问题,提出了一种分布式迭代学习控制算法.首先假设多智能体系统具有固定拓扑结构,且仅有部分智能体可获取到期望轨迹信息.基于输出约束条件构造一致性跟踪误差,在此基础上设计了P型迭代学习控制率.然后采用压缩映射方法给出了一个算法收敛的充分条件,并在理论上证明了跟踪误差的收敛性.最后,将理论结果推广至具有随机切换拓扑结构的多智能体系统中.仿真结果验证了所提出算法的有效性.     

Observer-critic structure-based adaptive dynamic programming for decentralised tracking control of unknown large-scale nonlinear systems

In this paper, a decentralised tracking control (DTC) scheme is developed for unknown large-scale nonlinear systems by using observer-critic structure-based adaptive dynamic programming. The control consists of local desired control, local tracking error control and a compensator. By introducing the local neural network observer, the subsystem dynamics can be identified. The identified subsystems can be used for the local desired control and the control input matrix, which is used in local tracking error control. Meanwhile, Hamiltonian-Jacobi-Bellman equation can be solved by constructing a critic neural network. Thus, the local tracking error control can be derived directly. To compensate the overall error caused by substitution, observation and approximation of the local tracking error control, an adaptive robustifying term is employed. Simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DTC scheme.     

未知非线性零和博弈最优跟踪的事件触发控制设计

设计了一种基于事件的迭代自适应评判算法,用于解决一类非仿射系统的零和博弈最优跟踪控制问题.通过数值求解方法得到参考轨迹的稳定控制,进而将未知非线性系统的零和博弈最优跟踪控制问题转化为误差系统的最优调节问题.为了保证闭环系统在具有良好控制性能的基础上有效地提高资源利用率,引入一个合适的事件触发条件来获得阶段性更新的跟踪策略对.然后,根据设计的触发条件,采用Lyapunov方法证明误差系统的渐近稳定性.接着,通过构建四个神经网络,来促进所提算法的实现.为了提高目标轨迹对应稳定控制的精度,采用模型网络直接逼近未知系统函数而不是误差动态系统.构建评判网络、执行网络和扰动网络用于近似迭代代价函数和迭代跟踪策略对.最后,通过两个仿真实例,验证该控制方法的可行性和有效性.     

An adaptive control architecture for leader–follower multiagent systems with stochastic disturbances and sensor and actuator attacks

In this paper, we develop a novel distributed adaptive control architecture for addressing networked multiagent systems subject to stochastic exogenous disturbances with compromised sensor and actuators. Specifically, for a class of linear leader–follower multiagent systems, we develop a new structure of the neighbourhood synchronisation error for the control design protocol of each follower. The proposed control algorithm addresses time-varying multiplicative sensor attacks on the leader state measurements. In addition, the framework addresses time-varying multiplicative actuator attacks on the followers that do not have a communication link with the leader and additive actuator attacks on all follower agents in the network. The proposed adaptive controller guarantees uniform ultimate boundedness of the state tracking error for each agent in a mean-square sense.     

非零和微分博弈系统的事件触发最优跟踪控制（英文）

近年来,对于具有未知动态的非零和微分博弈系统的跟踪问题,已经得到了讨论,然而这些方法是时间触发的,在传输带宽和计算资源有限的环境下并不适用.针对具有未知动态的连续时间非线性非零和微分博弈系统,本文提出了一种基于积分强化学习的事件触发自适应动态规划方法.该策略受梯度下降法和经验重放技术的启发,利用历史和当前数据更新神经网络权值.该方法提高了神经网络权值的收敛速度,消除了一般文献设计中常用的初始容许控制假设.同时,该算法提出了一种易于在线检查的持续激励条件(通常称为PE),避免了传统的不容易检查的持续激励条件.基于李亚普诺夫理论,证明了跟踪误差和评价神经网络估计误差的一致最终有界性.最后,通过一个数值仿真实例验证了该方法的可行性.     

基于控制性能的MIMO非线性系统动态面控制

针对一类不确定非线性MIMO(multiple-input multiple-output)系统,在动态面控制方法的基础上,提出了自适应跟踪控制方案.通过引入性能函数和输出误差转换,保证输出信号具有指定的跟踪速度、跟踪误差、最大超调量.为了避免控制奇异问题,采用神经网络直接逼近期望控制信号.该方案无需估计神经网络的权值,仅对1个参数进行自适应律设计.理论证明了闭环系统所有信号有界,仿真结果验证了所提方案的有效性.     

考虑车辆跟驰作用和通信时延的网联车辆队列轨迹跟踪控制

针对智能网联车辆轨迹跟踪问题, 本文通过考虑车辆跟驰作用和车车通信过程中存在的通信时延, 提出了一种分布式非线性轨迹跟踪控制器. 具体来讲, 首先, 提出一种双向领导跟随通信拓扑来描述智能网联环境下车辆间的通信连接. 其次, 考虑车辆跟驰作用和通信时延, 设计一种分布式非线性轨迹跟踪控制器. 然后, 使用Lyapunov方法证明了所设计控制器的稳定性. 最后, 考虑速度干扰作用于领导者车辆, 针对无时延、同质时延和异质时延等三种场景进行数值仿真实验. 仿真结果表明: 本文所设计的控制器不仅保证了车辆位置跟踪误差收敛到原点, 而且车辆运动规律符合交通流理论, 即无负位置跟踪误差和负速度现象.     

基于三边测量的分簇目标跟踪算法

针对目标跟踪应用中目标移动的随机性和偶然性,以及跟踪节点的能量有限、通信半径小等问题,为了提高跟踪精度,并尽可能地减少节点能量消耗、延长网络寿命,提出了一种基于三边测量的分簇目标跟踪算法。所提方案采取三边测量技术进行移动目标的定位以提高定位精度,而且为了达到能效均衡,在建立唤醒簇阶段根据节点与目标之间距离、节点残余能量两个参数进行簇头及簇成员选举。仿真结果表明,所提方案与基于预测的能量节省(PES)方案、基于混合簇的目标跟踪(HCTT)协议相比,网络寿命更长,预测轨迹更精确,跟踪精度更高。     

神经网络磁链估计的感应电机反步法研究

为实现感应电机的位置渐近跟踪,基于反步法并取转矩和磁链控制信号作为虚拟控制,设计了感应电机位置控制系统．采用多层前馈神经网络估计转子磁链,以Levenberg-Marquardt算法训练网络并调整权值．最后基于Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了系统的稳定性．仿真结果表明,所设计的神经网络磁链观测器具有良好的估计效果,位置跟踪误差迅速收敛,具有较优的伺服跟踪特性．     

具有通信约束的反馈辅助PD型量化迭代学习控制

本文针对网络线性系统, 研究了具有通信约束的反馈辅助PD型迭代学习控制问题. 信号从远程设备传输到 迭代学习控制器过程中, 存在数据量化与数据包丢失的情况. 将数据包丢失模型描述为具有已知概率的伯努利二 进制序列, 采用扇形界方法处理数据量化误差, 提出了一种反馈辅助PD型迭代学习控制算法. 采用压缩映射法分析 证明了在存在数据量化和丢失的情况下, 所提控制算法依然可以保证跟踪误差渐近收敛到零. 并进一步对存在初 始状态偏移时所提算法的鲁棒性进行了讨论. 最后, 通过仿真示例, 对比验证了理论结果的有效性和优越性.     

带有干扰观测器的线控转向系统复合自适应神经网络控制

考虑车辆线控转向(SbW)系统存在不确定动态特性以及外界干扰影响.本文提出一种带有干扰观测器的复合自适应神经网络实现SbW系统的精确建模与稳定控制.首先,利用神经网络在线逼近系统不确定动态,避免控制器设计中使用到系统模型的先验知识.然后,结合系统的跟踪误差与建模误差提出一种新的复合自适应学习率来更新神经网络的权值,从而...     

基于粒子滤波的移动物体定位和追踪算法

提出一种基于粒子滤波的目标定位算法PFTL(particle filter based target localization)以及一种基于网络覆盖问题的节点组织策略SAC(sampling aware tracking cluster formation).PFTL 的基本思想是,采用一系列带权粒子(weighted particles)来预测移动物体位置的后验分布空间,每个新时刻根据传感器的测量数据来权衡和定位目标.PFTL 通过引入误差容忍(error tolerant)的方式来存储和发送目标位置数据,使汇聚点关于物体位置信息的数据误差在一个可控的范围内,进而极大地减少网络通信负荷.SAC基于传感器采样离散化的特点来制订数据融合策略,并以最大化覆盖物体运动轨的方式动态地选取节点和进行节点簇的有效组织.模拟实验结果表明,与现有的几种定位算法和追踪协议相比,结合PFTL 算法和SAC 策略能够以较小的代价取得更好的定位效果和网络负载均衡,进而延长网络寿命.     

Tracking control of a closed-chain five-bar robot with two degrees of freedom by integration of an approximation-based approach and mechanical design

The trajectory tracking problem of a closed-chain five-bar robot is studied in this paper. Based on an error transformation function and the backstepping technique, an approximation-based tracking algorithm is proposed, which can guarantee the control performance of the robotic system in both the stable and transient phases. In particular, the overshoot, settling time, and final tracking error of the robotic system can be all adjusted by properly setting the parameters in the error transformation function. The radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is used to compensate the complicated nonlinear terms in the closed-loop dynamics of the robotic system. The approximation error of the RBFNN is only required to be bounded, which simplifies the initial "trail-and-error" configuration of the neural network. Illustrative examples are given to verify the theoretical analysis and illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Finally, it is also shown that the proposed approximation-based controller can be simplified by a smart mechanical design of the closed-chain robot, which demonstrates the promise of the integrated design and control philosophy.     

Cooperative tracking control for general linear multiagent systems with directed intermittent communications: An artificial delay approach

This paper investigates the consensus tracking problem for general linear multiagent systems on directed graph containing a spanning tree. For the considered linear systems, the consensus tracking aim cannot be achieved by using only memoryless static relative output feedbacks. Of particular interest is that both current and delayed relative output information of agents are required to achieve consensus. For the case of continuous communication among agents, an artificial delay output feedback control method is proposed. By utilizing the Taylor representation for the delayed signal with the remainder in the integral form, a delay‐dependent sufficient condition is presented to guarantee the exponential convergence of the global tracking error systems. For the intermittent case, the consensus tracking performance can still be guaranteed based on a multiple graph‐dependent Lyapunov functionals method. It is theoretically revealed that the time delay plays a key role in the exponential convergence of the closed‐loop systems, and the definite relationships among the time delay, network structure, communication rate, and consensus convergence rate are also provided. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is confirmed by numerical simulations.