高压加工对番茄超弱发光特性影响的研究

本文分别测试了红熟前期番茄高压加工后的超弱发光特性,并跟踪测试了高压加工后番茄在贮藏过程中超弱发光强度的变化情况。结果表明:不同加工压力以及不同的保压时间均使得番茄的超弱发光强度降低;经过高压加工后的番茄比未加压番茄贮藏期间其超弱发光峰值产生时间大大推迟,生命活性得到了抑制,保鲜及贮藏时间明显延长。本研究揭示了高压加工蔬菜的生命活性变化规律,为探索高压蔬菜保鲜贮藏的机理提供了一定的依据。     

High Pressure Processing

Scope of Deliverables: This section covers high pressure processing as an alternative technology for preservation of foods. It includes critical process factors, their effect on inactivation levels and mechanisms of inactivation, as well as pathogens of concern and recommendations for surrogates. Methods to handle deviations are also described.     

应用蒸汽烘罐法清除蒸发罐积垢

蒸发罐积垢的形成对蒸发的传热影响很大，它的组成随甘蔗品种和地区的不同而异。本文简述了应用蒸汽烘罐的方法，即停罐后在汽鼓内通入蒸汽，使积垢及加热管受热后膨胀，利用它们间膨胀程度的不同而使积垢从加热管壁上剥落，然后用机械方法清除干净。此法简单易行，不但可以减轻通罐工人的劳动强度，而且又节约大量的用化学法煮罐的药剂。     

液体蛋的超高压处理

分析了禽蛋产业的国内外现状,介绍了超高压处理技术的发展及其在食品行业的应用,综述了液体蛋的超高 压处理研究进展及主要研究成果,并对我国禽蛋产业的发展提出了建议。     

Textural Changes of Yellow Peach in Pouches Processed by High Hydrostatic Pressure and Thermal Processing During Storage

Textural changes of yellow peach in pouches (YPP) treated by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and thermal processing during storage at 4?±?1 °C and 25?±?1 °C for 180 days were studied. Hardness, syrup viscosity, pectin compositions, and cell structure of YPP samples were evaluated in this study. The hardness of YPP stored at 4?±?1 °C exceeded 50–70 % as compared to those stored at 25?±?1 °C. Moreover, the higher flesh hardness and lower syrup viscosity were obtained at longer pressure-holding time of HHP processing. Water-soluble pectin (WSP), sodium carbonate-soluble pectin (NSP), and total pectin contents in flesh decreased, while chelate-soluble pectin (CSP) in flesh and water-soluble pectin in syrup (WSPS) increased after 180 days storage. The texture degradation in YPP was mainly caused by solubilization and depolymerization of WSP and NSP. The temperature of 4?±?1 °C inhibited pectin degradation and delayed the softening of flesh and the increase of syrup viscosity more effectively than 25?±?1 °C. Comparing with the flesh tissue microstructure of HHP-processed YPP stored at 25?±?1 °C, better cell structures of YPP were retained during storage at 4?±?1 °C. Since the breakdown of intercellular cementing pectin was obviously delayed at lower storage temperature, thus cell wall loosening and distortion were prevented.     

超高压提取洋葱皮中阿魏酸的研究

目的:研究采用超高压提取洋葱皮中阿魏酸的最佳工艺条件,并且同回流提取法和超声提取法进行比较.方法:在单因素实验的基础上,采用L9(34)正交实验对超高压提取洋葱皮中阿魏酸的工艺进行优化,以阿魏酸的得率为指标,考察料液比(g∶mL)、乙醇浓度、超高压压力、加压时间对阿魏酸得率的影响.结果:得到优化的工艺条件为固液比1*22,乙醇浓度75％,超高压压力320 MPa,超高压时间4 min,该条件下阿魏酸的得率可达0.322％.结论:超高压提取阿魏酸得率高,提取时间短,是一种提取洋葱皮中阿魏酸的适宜方法.     

微波辅助提取芒果皮黄色素的研究

研究了微波辅助提取技术中微波功率、微波处理时间及料液比对芒果皮中黄色素提取效果的影响,通过正交试验对上述条件进行了优化,采用颜色反应对提取得到的粗色素进行了定性分析,经过HPLC对粗色素进行了初步分离及结构鉴定,确定了其种类和含量。研究结果表明：微波功率、微波处理时间及料液比对芒果皮中黄色素的提取有显著影响,在微波功率640 W、料液比1:6 （m/V）条件下,以95% (V/V)乙醇为溶剂,微波辅助提取30 s,重复提取三次后色素总提取率可达89.92%（m/m）,得率达到5.1% （m/m）。影响黄色素提取率大小的因素依次为：料液比>微波功率>微波提取时间。对色素进行初步分离和鉴定,结果表明芒果皮中的黄色素为类胡萝卜素,其主要成分为含羟基的含氧类胡萝卜素,约占成分总量的99.82%（m/m）。     

Cloud Stabilization of Orange Juice by High Pressure Processing

High pressure processing (HPP) was investigated as a means to preserve cloud in freshly squeezed orange juice. Cloud loss is a major quality defect in orange juice, and methods of preserving cloud without the extreme temperatures used in commercial pasteurization are desirable. Pressures from 500 to 900 MPa were investigated at dwell times of 1 sec, 1 min and 10 min. Higher pressures and longer processing times were more effective at preserving cloud, while all treatments yielded a microbially stable product. A 90-day shelf life under refrigeration conditions could be achieved using pressures of 700 MPa and higher combined with treatment times of 1 min.     

高浓盘磨机磨浆区蒸汽的排出方法

介绍一种高浓盘磨机磨浆区蒸汽的排出方法,即通过改变挡条和磨齿的结构形状,既延长了浆料在磨浆区的停留时间,又促进了蒸汽的排出,达到了满意的磨浆效果.     

汽爆预处理提取西番莲果胶及其性质分析

以西番莲果皮为研究对象,用蒸汽爆破(汽爆)处理从中提取果胶,并与传统的酸提法作对比。结果表明:蒸汽压力为0.6 MPa,维压时间为120 s,果胶提取率为18.84%,比传统酸提法提高81.15%。扫描电镜结果显示,汽爆法提取后的果皮残渣具有多孔结构,产生了大量的坑洞。两种提取方法所得果胶均为高甲氧基果胶,与酸提果胶相比,汽爆果胶具有较低的酯化度(esterification degree,DE)和分子量,总酚含量和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除活性较高。傅立叶变换红外光谱结果显示,汽爆法和酸提法获得的果胶官能团存在一定差异。流变学分析表明,汽爆提取的果胶溶液具有剪切稀化特性,并且随着角频率的增加,储能模量(G')和损耗模量(G')增加。可见,汽爆预处理可高效提取果胶且具有较好的应用前景。     

水蒸气法脱除大豆油脂中非水化磷脂

通过加热将水由液态变为饱和水蒸气,破坏了H2O分子间的氢键,使氢原子核裸露在外,具有类似质子的作用具有极高的能量,攻击非水化磷脂中的金属离子,使磷脂酸与二价金属离子解离,脱除大豆毛油中非水化磷脂。先将毛油进行水化脱胶,去除水化磷脂,得到水化脱胶油,将水化脱胶油加热至110℃,搅拌速度90r/min,通入压力0.14MPa的饱和水蒸气,水蒸气量为油量的2%,通气时间50min,脱胶油中的磷含量为17.9mg/kg,为工业化生产提供理论依据。     

多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)反义基因转化加工番茄

通过农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)LBA4404介导将多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)反义基因导入新疆加工番茄(代号:99-162混)。卡那霉素抗性筛选,获得移栽成活的10株再生植株,PCR和Southern blot检测表明,其中4株再生植株的染色体中有外源基因的插入。所得4株转基因加工番茄在基因转化处理当代表现不同;果实饱满有光泽;Northern杂交结果表明,转反义PG基因加工番茄果实外果皮PG基因表达水平比对照低。转基因植株的表型观察和分子检测结果相吻合。     

超高压技术在肉品加工中的应用

超高压技术是近年来食品领域热点研究的高新技术之一,具有广泛的应用前景。本文综述了超高压技术的概念和特点,着重介绍了超高压处理在肉品加工中的应用,并对超高压技术在肉品加工中的发展前景进行了展望。     

高压在蛋黄酱加工过程中的应用(英文)

蛋黄酱是一种乳化性半固体食品,营养丰富、口味醇香。目前,我国市场上已有蛋黄酱出售,但价格比较高,因此研制适合中国人口味,并且价格适宜的产品,抢占被进口产品垄断的市场势在必行。降低生产成本和延长货架期是本实验要研究的两个主要问题。结合蛋黄酱配方设计要求确定决策变量和约束条件,建立了成本的数学模型,本实验借助Excel规划求解功能,确定了蛋黄酱成本最低时的优化配方,为计算机在配方设计中的应用提供了一定的参考;高压加工方法的最大优点是它能在常温或较低温度下达到灭菌效果,还可以获得具有新特性的食品。由于蛋黄酱不能进行加热杀菌,所以在本研究中提出采用高压技术对蛋黄酱进行处理,加工条件选用300MPa、5min,在该条件下高压加工的蛋黄酱满足了食品卫生标准,保证了营养价值基本不变;使用近红外分析技术对蛋黄酱的组成成分变化进行了初步的定性分析,说明蛋黄酱由高压加工引起的变化主要是由其组成成分之一的蛋黄引起的,但也不排除各组分之间的相互作用。     

High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing of Cheese

Abstract: High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a cutting‐edge processing technology attracting research and industrial interest in the food sector due to its potential to produce microbiologically safe products, modify the functional properties of proteins and polysaccharides, and alter biochemical reactions without significantly affecting the nutritional and sensory properties of food. Currently, there are only a limited number of pressure‐treated cheese products available in the market. Nevertheless, results from numerous research studies on various cheese varieties seem promising, especially since HHP technology is today more cost‐effective than in the past. Considering the progress made in the application of HHP on cheese during the past 15 years, this paper reviews the direct application of HHP treatments to cheese and the effects it has on its microbiology and ripening process, as well as on quality parameters such as physicochemical, rheological, and sensory properties. Detailed information of published studies is presented with the aim of providing a clear picture of the use of this technology on cheese processing. Areas of research in need of more attention are also identified.     

微波辅助水蒸汽蒸馏提取柠檬精油

研究在微波辅助作用下水蒸气蒸馏提取柠檬果皮精油的工艺条件.以选择果皮碎块大小、加NaCl的量、微波辐射功率、微波辐射时间为考察因素,以粗精油的获得量为考察指标,通过正交试验确定最佳工艺奈件.结果表明:微波辅助水蒸气蒸馏提取柠檬果皮精油的最佳条件为微波350 W辐射3 min,果皮直径2mm,加NaCl比例为3%,每100克柠檬皮出油率达1.34 mL.     

微波去除大豆抗营养因子的研究

为探讨微波技术在大豆干法加工中应用的可行性,考察微波功率、处理时间对大豆中的抗营养因子胰蛋白酶抑制剂、脲酶及蛋白质溶解性的影响。结果表明：在微波功率3400W处理120s的条件下,胰蛋白酶抑制剂及脲酶钝化率达到80%以上,可有效去除大豆抗营养因子;同时测得蛋白质溶解度约为40%,该处理条件下的豆粉可以作为大豆即时冲调饮品专用原料加以利用。     

超声波辅助提取潮州柑果皮色素的工艺优化

本研究通过单因素试验和L9(33)正交试验对超声波辅助提取潮州柑果皮色素的工艺进行了优化。结果表明:影响潮州柑果皮色素超声波提取的主要因素为超声波提取温度,其次是超声波功率,再次是提取时间;优选方案为:70%乙醇为浸提剂,浸提温度50℃,超声波功率400W,浸提时间25min;超声波辅助提取潮州柑果皮色素的效率明显高于常规提取法。     

米糠的高温高压蒸汽短时钝化研究

本文介绍了一种新的利用高温高压蒸汽将米糠瞬时钝化的装置,分析了利用本装置在不同的米糠与水的比例以及不同蒸汽压力下对米糠的储藏性能和维生素B1的影响.