钙基膨润土的有机改性及其结构表征

以钙基膨润土为原料,经提纯钠化改性,用十六烷基三甲基氯化铵对其进行有机改性。研究了改性剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对改性膨润土有机化程度的影响,得到了最佳实验条件：改性剂用量为35%（以钠基膨润土质量计）、反应温度为70 ℃、反应时间为2 h。利用红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪对最优样品进行测试分析,结果表明：季铵盐插层进入了膨润土的晶层间,层间距明显增大,改性效果良好。     

DTAC有机改性云南砚山膨润土的工艺研究

以经过钠化改性的砚山膨润土为原料,用十二烷基三甲基氯化铵(DTAC)进行有机改性,应用单因素及正交实验,研究了制备季铵型有机膨润土的最佳工艺条件,并用XRD和IR对合成的有机膨润土进行了结构表征。     

TMAC和NoKe 1831复合改性钙基膨润土

用四甲基氯化铵(TMAC)和十八烷基三甲基氯化铵(No Ke 1831)复合改性剂对钙基膨润土进行有机化改性,制得有机改性膨润土。研究了反应时间、反应温度、复合改性剂用量及其配比对改性膨润土层间距的影响,结果表明,反应时间为1 h、反应温度为60℃、改性剂用量为0.2 g、TMAC和No Ke 1831的摩尔比为1∶4时改性最佳。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪对样品进行表征,证明了复合改性剂成功插入膨润土的晶层间。     

有机膨润土的合成与表征研究

以天然膨润土和十八烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(1827)为原料,合成有机膨润土。研究了反应时间、反应温度对有机化程度(漂浮物质量/产物总质量)的影响。实验结果表明:在反应温度150°C,反应时间120 min,有机化程度为96.6%。利用红外光谱,X射线衍射,透射电镜及差热分析进行了表征,结果表明:经改性后的有机膨润土,层间距由1.21 nm增大到1.97 nm,有机物含量达38.4%。     

十六烷基溴化铵有机改性天然钠基膨润土的研究

本论文以吉林省刘房子天然钠基膨润土为原料,十六烷基溴化铵为改性剂对钠基膨润土进行有机改性。以灼失率为指标,获得了制备有机膨润土的最佳条件,反应温度为70℃,反应时间为1h,pH值为9,改性剂用量为阳离子交换容量CEC的150%,并通过X-射线衍射、红外光谱分析手段对有机膨润土的结构进行了表征。     

有机膨润土的合成

以双十八烷基二甲基氯化铵(C38H80NCl)对钠基膨润土进行有机化改性,比较了碳酸钠与氟化钠改型的钠基膨润土对有机化改性的不同.利用均匀设计方法考察温度,时间和季铵盐加入量对有机化改性的影响,从而确定本实验范围内最适宜的工艺条件.     

有机膨润土的制备

简要介绍了膨润土和有机膨润土特性与应用,介绍了以天然在膨润土为原料经过提纯,改性处理,制得有机膨润土的过程。     

DTAO有机改性云南砚山膨润土的工艺研究

以经过钠化改性的砚山膨润土为原料,用十二烷基三甲基氯化铵（DTAC）进行有机改性,应用单因素及正交实验,研究了制备季铵型有机膨润土的最佳工艺条件,并用XRD和IR对合成的有机膨润土进行了结构表征。     

有机膨润土的制备及表征

本文研究了长碳链季胺盐对钠型膨润土进行化学复盖的反应条件,且用XRD、IR、DTA-TG进行了表征,实验证明山西省浑源地区的膨润土是制备有机膨润土的良好材料。     

有机改性膨润土对聚丙烯酰胺吸附性能的研究

研究了有机改性膨润土对石油废水中聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的去除效果。实验结果表明：由溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)阳离子改性的膨润土和双阳离子改性的膨润土对PAM的吸附等温线都符合Langmuir等温吸附曲线，改性膨润土的层间距的大小是影响饱和吸附量的一个重要因素，质量分数为7％的单阳离子改性膨润土对PAM的去除率可达到90％122上；双阳离子改性膨润土对：PAM的饱和吸附容量随长碳链表面活性剂CTMAB的增加而增加。     

Preparation and characterization of acid-activated bentonite powders

The Kütahya calcium bentonite (CaB) from Turkey shows significant changes in crystal structure, chemical composition and porosity with H₂SO₄ activation realized by heating its acidic aqueous suspension at 97 °C for 6 h. The acid content was changed from zero to 70% by mass, based on the dry bentonite-acid mixture. It was estimated from chemical analysis (CA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data that the CaB contains 65% calcium montmorillonite (CaM) and 30% opal-CT (OCT) by mass, and also illite (I) and other impurities in lower extents. The decrease in crystallinity of the CaM by the activation was discussed as regards to the decrease in the relative intensity (I / I₀) and increase in the full width at half-maximum peak height (FWHM) of the 001 XRD peak for CaM with the H₂SO₄%. The CA data reveals that the relative content of the undissolved cations in the CaB increase in the order of Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe^2+,3+, Al³⁺, K⁺, Si⁴⁺, and Ti⁴⁺ with H₂SO₄%. The specific micropore volume (V_mi) and specific mesopore volume (V_me) of the samples were estimated from N₂-adsorption and desorption data, by standard methods. The V_me shows a ‘zig-zag’ increase from 0.104 cm³g^− 1 to a maximum of 0.232 cm³g^− 1 at 40% and then decrease to 0.149 cm³g^− 1 at 70% H₂SO₄, respectively. The V_mi increases about from zero to 0.055 cm³g^− 1 at 10% H₂SO₄ and then stayed approximately constant.     

膨润土颗粒吸附剂的制备研究

以山东钠基膨润土为原料,按一定比例将煤粉混入其中,挤压造粒,高温煅烧,再进行酸化处理,制得膨润土颗粒吸附剂,并用于阳离子艳蓝的吸附.测试了样品的性能,讨论了煅烧温度、吸附时间对吸附性能的影响.实验表明:膨润土与煤粉的比例为6∶1、煅烧温度为650℃时,颗粒吸附剂具有较低的散失率和良好的吸附性能.     

有机膨润土的制备及其在涂料中的应用

以内蒙古某地天然膨润土为原料，探讨了有机膨润土制备的最佳工艺并用红外光谱仪对产品进行了表征。流变性实验表明，有机膨润土是一种非牛顿型触变体系，对改善涂料的使用性能非常有效。     

多孔有机膨润土的制备及对水中硫化物的吸附研究

将膨润土与优质煤粉按一定的比例混合挤压成型,高温焙烧,用氯化十六烷基吡啶进行有机改性,制得了表面为阳离子的多孔有机膨润土.将改性土用于水中硫化物吸附试验,结果表明:最佳吸附条件为pH=8、温度30℃、改性土用量50 g/L、振荡4 h,吸附率达93.6%.     

膨润土合成有机膨润土的研究

本文以辽宁抚顺膨润土为原料,对有机膨润土的合成进行了研究,并对所得产品进行了XRD、SEM、IR和DAT／TG等表征。     

Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyl poly(aspartic acid)/organic bentonite superabsorbent composite

A novel hydroxyl poly(aspartic acid)/organic bentonite (HPAsp/OB) superabsorbent composite has been synthesized by the non-water suspension method using polysuccinimide and OB as raw materials,ethanolamine as modifiers and hexamethylenediamine as cross-linking agent. Organic bentonite used in this work is cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide intercalated bentonite with the interlayer distance of 2.12 nm. The effects of the OB and ethanolamine contents on swelling ratios of the superabsorbent composites have been investigated. The largest swelling ratios in distilled water and in 0.9 wt% NaCl were 491 and 82 g/g, respectively, both at OB and ethanolamine contents of 3 wt% and 15 mol%, correspondingly. The salt resistance of the superabsorbent composites was investigated in KCl (aq.), CaCl₂ (aq.) and FeCl₃ (aq.). The temperature- and pH-sensitivities of the superabsorbent composites has also been studied. The structures and morphologies of the superabsorbent composites have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, high resolution-TEM and optical microscopy techniques. The results indicated that introduction of OB and ethanolamine increased the swelling ratio of the superabsorbent composites. Compared with poly(aspartic acid), hydroxyl poly(aspartic acid) and poly(aspartic acid)/organic bentonite, the swelling properties of HPAsp/OB superabsorbent composites are obviously improved under the same experimental conditions.     

阳离子型Gemini表面活性剂改性膨润土的制备及结构表征

以膨润土为原料,以系列阳离子Gemini表面活性剂(Gm-n-m)为插层剂制备了有机膨润土,利用红外光谱、X射线衍射及差热-热重分析对产物结构进行了表征,并探讨了温度、时间、搅拌速率及插层剂用量对有机膨润土结构的影响。结果表明,当Gm-n-m分子进入到膨润土层间后,其疏水性增强,层间距由1.51 nm增大到3.91 nm,有机物含量达到23.53%,且层间距明显大于单链CTAB改性膨润土的层间距。适宜的制备条件为:插层剂用量为钠基膨润土的40%,70℃下水浴反应3 h,搅拌速率为205 r/min。     

硅丙树脂的制备及性能表征

以乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(VTES)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为单体,过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,利用溶液聚合法合成含硅氧烷丙烯酸树脂P(MMA-BA-VTES)(PMBV),适宜的聚合条件为:nBA∶nMMA∶nVTES=2∶2∶1,BPO用量为单体总量3％,温度110℃.在该条件下,聚合反应转...     

Preparation and characterization of polyethylene/cellulose composite with diatomite and bentonite as fillers

ABSTRACT

This research work was carried out to examine the performance of different polyethylene/cellulose composites. The effect of three different factors was examined. First factor was the effect of clay type as filler, in which diatomite and bentonite were used. Second factor was the effect of cellulose grafting with cyclic oxymethylene. Third factor was the presence of polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) in the polymer matrix of polyethylene/cellulose as a compatibilizer. The polymer matrix was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Tensile test and permeability were also examined.     

膨润土絮凝剂的制备及其应用

研究了以Al2(SO4)3、Fe2(SO4)3为改性剂对大然膨润土进行改性,开以改性后的膨润土为絮凝剂,探讨了对高岭土悬浊液废水的浊度去除效果.研究表明,适宜改性剂浓度为0.1mol·L-1,适宜的废水pH值为10、用土量为0.1g、搅拌时间为3min、搅拌速度为6r·s-1;天然膨润土无任何絮凝效果,Al2(SO4)...