流道喷涂对双吸离心泵压力脉动特性影响研究

流道喷涂技术能有效提高水泵过流部件抗磨损能力并降低水力损失,但其对压力脉动特性的影响并不明确。本文采用试验的方法,对一双吸离心泵流道喷涂前后的压力脉动进行同台测试,并分析了混频幅值和频谱特性。结果表明:流道喷涂处理降低了流道粗糙度,减小了水力损失,提高了效率,但同时也改变了水泵固有的压力脉动特性。对于吸水室,喷涂处理缩小了压力脉动稳定区的范围,使小流量工况区的压力脉动峰峰值达到喷涂处理前的2.8倍,加剧了水泵在小流量工况下运行的不稳定性。对于压水室,喷涂处理使靠近隔舌区域在小流量区的压力脉动明显增加,使远离隔舌区域在大流量区的压力脉动增加。而在设计流量区域,喷涂对各个位置压力脉动影响不明显。为了使喷涂技术发挥综合效果,保证水泵运行稳定,应该尽量避免喷涂后的水泵在偏离设计流量工况运行,特别是严格避免水泵在低于0.75倍设计流量工况运行。     

基于小波分析的表面活性剂减阻流体二维流场流动特性研究

该文采用粒子图像测速仪对矩形槽道内减阻流体二维流场进行测量,采用小波分析方法将流场分解为平均速度场与7个不同尺度的脉动场.结果显示减阻流体横向速度脉动几乎被完全抑制,流向速度脉动略低于水,但从波数为2开始小尺度脉动被明显削弱.减阻流体流向速度脉动呈条带分布,同流向基本平行,并且具有较大尺度,统计结果曲线也在相应位置出现局部大值,显示高脉动层存在的普遍性.     

表面活性剂减阻流体热边界层温度脉动及传热特性实验研究

该文针对在水中添加阳离子表面活性剂产生的减阻作用同时降低传热性能的现象,应用相位多普勒激光测量系统和热电偶温度测量系统对二维流道内表面活性剂减阻流体热边界层内的湍流温度脉动以及传热特性进行了实验研究.研究表明,表面活性剂减阻流体平均温度梯度在流动缓冲层很大,热扩散率较低,而水的热阻主要发生在近壁区域的高扩散层.表面活性剂减阻流体温度脉动强度与速度脉动强度有相似的分布趋势,其峰值都向外层移动.在近壁处的高扩散层温度脉动频率很小,而在平均温度梯度很大的低扩散层,减阻流体的温度脉动频率有所增强.而水的温度脉动频率比表面活性剂溶液高且在整个断面上几乎没有变化.对于表面活性剂热流体,湍流温度脉动对轴向热流量的贡献更大,使得轴向热流量的最大值出现在靠近温度脉动强度最大值所在的位置.表面活性剂减阻流体法向湍流热流量分布与雷诺应力分布有相似的趋势.     

偏工况下混流式水轮机压力脉动数值仿真及其改善措施研究

某电站混流式水轮机组在部分负荷时机组出力大幅摆动,真机试验结果显示尾水管涡带频率与发电机低频振荡频率接近,二者产生共振导致功率波动。本文采用CFD方法对该电站混流式水轮机进行了三维非定常数值模拟,对包括电站现用泄水锥、加长型泄水锥、在尾水管内安装阻尼栅、在尾水管内安装导流板等4种方案下水轮机内部非定常流动进行了仿真,对比分析了各种方案对尾水管内涡带形状和压力脉动的影响。计算结果表明:加长泄水锥能降低压力脉动的幅值,但不能改变压力脉动频率;相比于阻尼栅,在尾水管中安装导流板能更有效地改变尾水管水压力脉动的主频并减小压力脉动的幅值,且对水轮机效率的影响较小。     

宾汉体泥浆湍流的统计特征及脉动频谱分布

本文根据水槽试验和统计分析,探讨了泥浆湍流的脉动流速概率密度分布和各阶矩,自相关系数及频谱分布。泥浆湍流底部为间歇湍流层,偏态系数为正,而强脉动层上部和扩散层偏态系数为负,说明紊动产生于强脉动层下部(y~+=3—10),由于间歇紊动,分布曲线出现双峰,泥浆湍流自相关系数R显著大于清水,R(t)曲线呈波状,说明流速的脉动部分来自规则的波动。泥浆湍流的频谱分布迥异于清水流。1Hz左右的低频脉动能量在清水湍流中为10—20％,泥浆湍流中则达40—50％,浓度很高(265kg/m~3)时高达70％,同时在2—20Hz的主频范围内,能谱密度G(n)在清水湍流中有关系G(n)-n~(-6-5),而泥浆湍流中则演变成G(n)n-~(-(2-7))。     

轴流泵装置模型试验压力脉动特性研究

结合南水北调某轴流泵装置模型试验,研究了泵站机组的压力脉动情况。研究表明：设计工况时,压力脉动的频率脉动相对幅值较小,一旦偏离设计工况,随着扬程的减小,脉动相对幅值增大,叶轮进口处存在比较明显的压力脉动,叶轮出口处压力脉动相对幅值比进口处减小,出水流道处的压力脉动相对幅值比叶轮出口处又有所增加。在小扬程工况下,压力脉动的频率值以叶片通过频率为主;在大扬程工况下,由于泵内湍流强烈的不规则运动,低于1倍叶片通过频率的低频脉动会随着流量的减小幅值越来越大并占据主导地位。     

阻尼比对水电站厂房结构脉动压力数值计算的影响

基于ANSYS计算软件,建立了水电站厂房结构三维有限元模型;采用Rayleigh阻尼,研究了阻尼比对水电站厂房结构在脉动压力荷载作用下的结构振幅、振动速度、振动加速度的影响规律。结果表明:阻尼比对水电站厂房结构脉动压力数值计算结果有较大影响,阻尼比越大,结构的振动响应越小,阻尼的存在有助于减弱结构的振动;实际数值计算分析中须考虑结构阻尼的影响并采用合理的阻尼模型。     

水电站主厂房附属机电设备隔振有限元分析

结合某坝后式水电站厂房实际工程,采用有限单元法,在流道脉动压力作用下弹簧阻尼隔振体系对水电站厂房内调速器设备的隔振效果进行了分析研究。结果表明：在15 Hz 脉动压力作用下厂房出现整体竖向振动,发电机层楼板振幅急剧增大,对布置在其上的机电设备有很强的冲击作用;当隔振体系自振频率为4．5 Hz ～5．0 Hz 时,隔振体系对低频脉动压力引起的振动有轻微的放大作用,对中高频脉动压力引起的振动有显著的隔振效果;隔振体系阻尼能有效减小共振区脉动压力引起的振动,对振动控制有利。     

淹没柔性植物对明渠推移质运动影响的实验研究

由于水流中植物的存在,使推移质泥沙运动规律变得更为复杂,目前,含植物水流中推移质泥沙运动的研究成果较少。实验研究了含淹没柔性植物水流中,不同植物密度及水深对时均流速、脉动强度、泥沙起动流速以及推移质输沙率的影响。结果表明,在植物顶部以下,有植物时的时均流速明显小于无植物时的流速,而脉动强度大于无植物时的脉动强度;当水深相同时,随着植物密度的增大,泥沙起动流速呈逐渐减小的趋势,并与植物密度呈较好的三次方多项式相关关系;植物密度对推移质输沙率的影响并非呈单一变化规律,随着植物密度的增大,推移质输沙率呈先增大然后逐渐减小的趋势,当植物密度相同时,水深越小,泥沙起动流速越小,推移质输沙率越大。     

水轮机尾水管压力脉动的神经网络模型

为掌握万家寨水电站水轮机尾水管的水压力脉动特性,对水轮机尾水管水压力脉动进行了现场测试,获得了多个工况下的测试数据.在测试数据的基础上,应用人工神经网络中的三层前向网络模型,采用反向传播算法,建立了水轮机尾水管压力脉动特性的人工神经网络模型.与实际的测试数据进行对比分析表明,所建立的人工神经网络模型,能够准确反映水轮机的尾水管压力脉动特性,可以用于指导水电站中机组的稳定运行.     

EFFECTS OF VASCULAR ZERO STRESS STATE ON PULSATILE BLOOD FOLW

~~EFFECTS OF VASCULAR ZERO STRESS STATE ON PULSATILE BLOOD FOLW~~TheProjectsupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina .(No :19732 0 0 3;;1970 2 0 0 2 )     

ANALYSIS OF PULSATILE BLOOD FLOW IN AXIALLY MOVING ARTERIES

1.　 INTRODUCTIONCoronary arteries are the arterial system that supplies the heart with blood to maintaincardiac normal functions.The disease of coronary arteries is one of primary diseases thatendanger human being′s health severely.By the particular physiological functions andanatomical positions of this system,every coronary artery is destined to take a large extentof overall to-and-fro movement with the heart beat during which the contraction and therelaxation of the heart occur altern…     

ANALYSIS OF PULSATILE FLOW IN THE PARALLEL-PLATE FLOW CHAMBER WITH SPATIAL SHEAR STRESS GRADIENT

The Parallel-Plate Flow Chamber (PPFC), of which the height is far smaller than its own length and width, is one of the main apparatus for the in-vitro study of the mechanical behavior of cultured vascular Endothelical Cells (ECs) exposed to fluid shear stress. The steady flow in different kinds of PPFC has been extensively investigated, whereas, the pulsatile flow in the PPFC has received little attention. In consideration of the characteristics of geometrical size and pulsatile flow in the PPFC, the 3-D pulsatile flow was decomposed into a 2-D pulsatile flow in the vertical plane, and an incompressible plane potential flow in the horizontal plane. A simple method was then proposed to analyze the pulsatile flow in the PPFC with spatial shear stress gradient. On the basis of the method, the pulsatile fluid shear stresses in several reported PPFCs with spatial shear stress gradients were calculated. The results were theoretically meaningful for applying the PPFCs in-vitro, to simulate the pulsatile fluid shear stress environment, to which cultured ECs were exposed.     

ANALYSIS OF OSCILLATORY BLOOD FLOW IN VARYING-AREA ELASTIC VESSEL

In this paper, by solving the fundamental e-quations of periodically oscillatory blood flow, the distributions of pressure gradient and blood velocity in varying-area e-lastic vessel were obtained, and then the wall shear stress and its gradient were calculated. As an example, the pulsatile blood flow in human carotid was analyzed and the effects of vessel taper angle on the distribution of wall shear stress and its gradient were discussed in detail. Numercial results show that the wall shear stress will enlarge when the taper angle increases. Meantime, no matter whether the vessel is converging or diverging, with the increase of the absolute value of taper angle, the amplitude of wall shear stress gradient will enlarge significantly.     

The simulation of multiphase flow field in implantable blood pump and analysis of hemolytic capability

The numerical simulation of the axial flow impeller blood pump NIVADIII is carried out by using a CFD multiphase flow model. The hydrodynamic performance of the pump and the flow field in the pump are analyzed, and the shear stress distribution is obtained. A hemolytic prediction model based on the shear stress is built based on the calculation results, and it can be used for quantitative predictions of the hemolytic behavior of a blood pump. Hemolysis tests in vitro were performed 6 times with fresh bovine blood. At each time, the flow of the pump NIVADIII is 5 L/min and the outflow tract pressure is 100 mmHg. According to the tests, the plasma free hemoglobin (FHB) content and the hematocrit (HCT) are measured after 0 s, 0.5 s, 1 s, 1.5 s, …4 s. At the end of each experiment Normal Index of Hemolysis (NIH) of NIVADIII is calculated. The average of NIH is 0.0055 g/100L, almost identical with that obtained from the hemolytic prediction model. This method can be applied in the selection stage of a blood pump.     

弹性直圆管局部狭窄对脉动流影响的数值模拟

动脉中脉搏波的分析和中医脉象研究早为人们注目,并越来越受到重视。中医切脉或利用脉象仪测脉,均沿腕部桡动脉处取得信息,由于手指和探头作用,桡动脉形成狭窄从而影响脉动流。本文建立局部狭窄直圆管内脉动流模型,来研究狭窄对脉动流的影响。根据流动的一维非线性方程导出特征方程,采用特征差分方法数值求解。结果表明:(1)随狭窄度增加(相当压迫加重),压力和速度波形变陡,峰值开始时提高,随后下降,和脉象仪取脉情况吻合;(2)血液粘度增加时,速度减慢,压力波形平坦,反映了血流阻力的增大;(3)狭窄宽度的变化对脉搏波影响不大;(4)根据中医脉图若干指标计算得到的数据,随狭窄和血液粘度的变化,和临床结果一致,说明这几个指标是符合血流动力学规律的。     

考虑重力及离心力的溢流坝反弧段紊流边界层动量积分方程的数值计算

论文分析了溢流坝反弧段水流的运动特征及影响边界层发展的主要因素,认为溢流坝反弧段水流边界层与绕流边界层是不同的。对于有自由水面存在的反弧段水流,在边界层外水流是有势流动的假设条件下,考虑重力及离心力的作用,提出了反弧段紊流边界层的动量积分方程式,计算结果与实验值比较表明文中的计算模式是正确的,可用于分析计算溢流坝反弧段边界层的发展厚度。     

粘性泥石流的泥深与残留层关系及其确定

粘性泥石流泥深是否包括残留层，一直存在着是与否二种观点和相应的二种观测值，其中大多数观测值不包括残留层。通过观测和试验，尤其原型观测表明，在后继粘性泥石流作用下，除底部很薄的一层不动外，残留层是运动的，泥深应该包含残留层厚度，对过去不包括残留层的泥深观测值应予更正，但各泥石流观测站过去均没有残留层及其不动层厚度的观测值。为此作者提出了用当时均有观测值的泥石流容重和沟床比降等计算残留层厚度的方法，以及不动层的处理意见，以确定当时泥深，使宝贵的观测值可继续应用。     

气—固两相流边界层双向耦合模型及其应用

本文提出了一种稀相的气－固两相流边界层的双向耦合模型，在对固壁附近的粒子源项作子特殊处理后，利用此模型研究了流经平面叶栅的气－固两相流中的固体粒子越边界层时受到的影响以及粒子存在对边界层内气体流动的反影响。其中粒子运动特的计算结果与试验进行了对比分析。     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES AND NUMERICAL CALCULATION ON TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER OF WATER FLOW ALONG CURVED SURFACE

This paper will introduce experimental studies and numerical calculation onturbulent boundary layer of water flow along curved surface in our country in recent years.Onthe basis of the experimental studies,the effects of curvature and roughness on velocitydistribution and pressure distribution and the change of turbulent flow boundary layer onoverflow bucket concave surface is discussed.We proposed the empirical formula of velocity,pressure and the change of turbulent flow boundary layer on outlet bucket concave.According tothe momentum principle,we have deduced the momentum integral equation full water depthboundary layer and using the element as control unit inside the boundary layer on concavesurface of bucket.Combining with continuity equation,we have computed the boundary layerdevelopment on the bucket of a spillway.Compared with the field experimental data,thecalculation results are available.Under polar coordinates,a mathematical model for simulatingtime-averaged flow characteristics in concave surface of bucket is established.The turbulent flowfield on concave surface of bucket is calculated by SIMPLE method and this mathematicalmodel.The flow velocity field,pressure field,distribution of turbulent kinetic energy,distribution of turbulent energy dissipating rate and distribution of shear stress are available.Thecalculation value is consistent with measured test data.