BN基复合陶瓷致密化的主要障碍

本文对ＢＮ基复合陶瓷进行了热压和无压烧结试验,对烧结体的密度变化和显微结构进行了研究,分析了影响ＢＮ基复合致密化的主要因素,认为卡片房式结构是妨ＢＮ基复合陶瓷致密化的主要原因。热压过程中施加的压力足够大时,可以破坏这种卡片房式结构,使片状ＢＮ定向排列,因而能获得同致密度的ＢＮ基复合陶瓷,热压过程中若有液相出现,有利于片状ＢＮ定向排列,因而能促进ＢＮ基复合陶瓷的致密化。无压烧结因不能消除坯体中的卡片     

BN—YAION复合陶瓷的烧结行为

对ＢＮ－ＹＡ１ＯＮ复便陶瓷进行了热压和无压烧结试验，对烧结体的密度变化和显微结构进行了研究，分析了影响ＢＮ基复合陶瓷致密化的主要因素。认为卡片房式结构是妨碍ＢＮ基复合陶瓷致密化的主要原因。热夺过程中施加的压力足够大时，可以破坏这种卡片房式结构，使片状ＢＮ定向排列，因而能获得高致密度的ＢＮ基复合陶瓷。热压过程中若有液相出现。，有利于片片ＢＮ定向排列，因而能促进ＢＮ基复合陶瓷的致密化。无压烧结时因不能     

Al2O3/h-BN自润滑复相陶瓷烧成工艺的探讨

通过探讨烧成方法和烧成温度对Al2O3/h-BN自润滑复相陶瓷物相组成、显微结构的影响,结果表明：常压烧成时,材料很不致密;热压烧成时由于压力和液相的共同作用,可以破坏片状h-BN长大时形成的卡片房式结构,促使片状h-BN定向排列,缩小材料的孔隙率,提高了材料的致密度。由于h-BN的卡片房式结构的阻碍,Al2O3/h-BN自润滑复相陶瓷材料较难烧结致密,需要高温热压烧成,烧成温度初步确定在1700～1800℃之间。     

AIN-BN复合陶瓷的结构与性能

以碳热还原法合成的AIN粉末和市售BN粉末为原料,利用无压烧结工艺制备AlN-BN复合陶瓷,研究了AlN-BN复合陶瓷结构和性能的关系。结果表明:随着BN含量的增加,在复合陶瓷中逐渐形成卡片房式结构,阻碍材料的收缩和致密,复合材料的致密度下降,热导率和硬度也随之下降,综合考虑热导率和硬度因素,认为利用常压烧结工艺制备可加工AlN-BN复合陶瓷时,BN质量分数在10％～15％之间是合适的,可以制备出热导率在100～140W·m~(-1)·K~(-1),硬度H_(R_A)在55～75之间的AlN-BN复合陶瓷。     

AlN-BN复合陶瓷的结构与性能

以碳热还原法合成的AlN粉末和市售BN粉末为原料, 利用无压烧结工艺制备AlN－BN复合陶瓷, 研究了AlN－BN复合陶瓷结构和性能的关系.结果表明: 随着BN含量的增加, 在复合陶瓷中逐渐形成卡片房式结构, 阻碍材料的收缩和致密, 复合材料的致密度下降, 热导率和硬度也随之下降, 综合考虑热导率和硬度因素, 认为利用常压烧结工艺制备可加工AlN－BN复合陶瓷时, BN质量分数在10%～15%之间是合适的, 可以制备出热导率在100～140 W·m-1·K-1, 硬度HRA在55～75之间的AlN－BN复合陶瓷.     

AIN—BN复合陶瓷的结构与性能

以碳热还原法合成的AlN粉末和市售BN粉末为原料, 利用无压烧结工艺制备AlN－BN复合陶瓷, 研究了AlN－BN复合陶瓷结构和性能的关系.结果表明: 随着BN含量的增加, 在复合陶瓷中逐渐形成卡片房式结构, 阻碍材料的收缩和致密, 复合材料的致密度下降, 热导率和硬度也随之下降, 综合考虑热导率和硬度因素, 认为利用常压烧结工艺制备可加工AlN－BN复合陶瓷时, BN质量分数在10%～15%之间是合适的, 可以制备出热导率在100～140 W·m-1·K-1, 硬度HRA在55～75之间的AlN－BN复合陶瓷.     

六方氮化硼陶瓷的烧结及其结构与性能EI北大核心CSCD

以亚微米级h-BN粉体为原料,在不添加任何烧结助剂的情况下,分别采用无压烧结、热压烧结和放电等离子烧结（SPS）制备h-BN陶瓷,采用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对烧结后样品的物相组成和显微结构进行测试和观察,研究不同烧结方法对h-BN陶瓷的致密度、晶粒取向、显微形貌及力学性能的影响,对比分析了不同烧结方法下坯体初始致密度对h-BN陶瓷性能的影响。结果表明：无压烧结无法实现h-BN陶瓷烧结致密化,力学性能较差,而通过热压和放电等离子烧结的方法均能得到结构致密、力学性能较好的h-BN陶瓷。相比于传统的无压和热压烧结,放电等离子烧结方法制备的h-BN陶瓷具有更高的致密度和更好的力学性能,而且晶粒更均匀细小,烧结温度可降低200℃以上。此外,坯体初始致密度的提高能显著提高h-BN陶瓷的抗弯强度和断裂韧性,但对热压和放电等离子烧结制备的h-BN陶瓷致密化的影响较小。     

六方氮化硼陶瓷的烧结及其结构与性能

以亚微米级h-BN粉体为原料,在不添加任何烧结助剂的情况下,分别采用无压烧结、热压烧结和放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备h-BN陶瓷,采用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对烧结后样品的物相组成和显微结构进行测试和观察,研究不同烧结方法对h-BN陶瓷的致密度、晶粒取向、显微形貌及力学性能的影响,对比分析了不同烧结方法下坯体初始致密度对h-BN陶瓷性能的影响。结果表明:无压烧结无法实现h-BN陶瓷烧结致密化,力学性能较差,而通过热压和放电等离子烧结的方法均能得到结构致密、力学性能较好的h-BN陶瓷。相比于传统的无压和热压烧结,放电等离子烧结方法制备的h-BN陶瓷具有更高的致密度和更好的力学性能,而且晶粒更均匀细小,烧结温度可降低200℃以上。此外,坯体初始致密度的提高能显著提高h-BN陶瓷的抗弯强度和断裂韧性,但对热压和放电等离子烧结制备的h-BN陶瓷致密化的影响较小。     

LiTaO3压电陶瓷烧结工艺的优化

采用氮气保护热压烧结工艺制备LiTaO3压电陶瓷材料,研究了不同烧结方法和热压烧结压力对LiTaO3压电陶瓷致密度和力学性能的影响。无压烧结不能得到烧结致密的LiTaO3基压电陶瓷。1300℃/25MPa热压烧结制备的纯LiTaO3陶瓷的烧结致密度很低,只有91.5%,其各项力学性能很差。1300℃/35MPa热压烧结制备的纯LiTaO3陶瓷材料的致密度较高,已经达到了97%,材料烧结较致密,气孔较少,但由于LiTaO3本身性质所限其各项力学性能变化不大。     

AlN-Re2O3液相烧结碳化硅

采用非氧化物AlN和Re2O3作为复合烧结助剂(Re2O3-La2O3与Y2O3)进行碳化硅液相烧结得到了致密的烧结体.烧结助剂占原料粉体总质量的20%,其中:AIN与(La0.5Y0.5)2O3的摩尔比为2:1,在30MPa压力下,1850℃保温0.5h热压烧结的碳化硅陶瓷,抗弯强度>800MPa,断裂韧性>8MPa·m1/2,明显高于同组分1 950℃无压烧结0.5h的碳化硅陶瓷的抗弯强度(433.7MPa)和断裂韧性(4.8MPam·m1/2.热压烧结的陶瓷晶粒呈单向生长,断裂模式为沿晶断裂.同组分无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷的显微结构可以观察到核壳结构.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。