双相钢点焊熔核界面撕裂分析

双相高强钢电阻点焊快速冷却过程中形成的淬硬马氏体会增加点焊接头脆性,产生熔核界面撕裂问题,降低接头力学性能与低周疲劳寿命.以1.4 mm双相钢DP600为例,采用残余在母材上的熔核面积百分比作为衡量电阻点焊熔核界面撕裂程度的评价指标,利用正交试验设计方法,研究不同焊接工艺参数对熔核撕裂程度的影响规律.通过对单因子分析,可知焊接电流对双相钢点焊接头撕裂程度的影响最大;通过交互作用分析,获得了减少焊点界面撕裂程度的最优工艺参数;最后通过试验验证,有效减少和避免焊点界面撕裂发生.     

锻压力对双相钢点焊熔核质量的影响分析

由于双相钢电阻点焊过程中的快速冷却,熔核区易形成脆硬马氏体,在进行力学性能评价时会出现焊点界面撕裂等问题.为此,本文以1.4mm双相钢(DP600)为研究对象,研究了点焊过程保压阶段电极锻压力对点焊熔核微观组织和拉剪力的影响.结果表明:增大焊接过程中保压阶段的电极压力,能够显著改善双相钢点焊熔核质量.     

双相钢点焊熔核界面撕裂失效模式参数控制

采用改进响应面试验分析方法对影响1.4 mm双相钢DP600点焊接头界面撕裂失效模式的工艺参数进行研究.结果表明,焊接电流、焊接时间以及保持压力是影响双相钢焊点界面撕裂失效模式的关键参数,合适的焊接工艺参数有助于提升熔核直径比,并且降低其对焊接参数的敏感度.以焊接工艺的鲁棒性为优化目标,获得了控制焊点界面撕裂失效模式的...     

600MPa级高Al冷轧双相钢点焊接头断裂方式

通过拉伸剪切试验以及对拉剪断口的微观组织和扫描电镜分析,研究了高Al冷轧双相钢点焊接头的断裂方式,并分析了接头断裂方式对接头力学性能的影响规律.研究结果表明,高A1冷轧双相钢的点焊接头主要有3种断裂方式,即:母材撕裂的焊点拔出、沿熔核边界的焊点拔出及界面断裂.3种不同的断裂方式分别代表了3种不同的裂纹萌生和扩展方式.此...     

双相钢电阻点焊接头断裂形式研究

针对双相钢电阻点焊过程焊接工艺窗口窄、易出现熔核断裂的问题,文中通过焊点力学性能与微观金相试验,研究了不同焊接工艺参数变化时对双相钢焊点质量的影响规律,建立其焊接工艺窗口,分析了双相钢熔核断裂的成因及焊接参数对熔核断裂的影响规律.研究表明,对于一定板厚的试件,临界熔核直径将是决定双相钢点焊接头是否出现熔核断裂的重要参数之一,并给出避免熔核断裂的合理焊接工艺参数.     

热冲压高强钢点焊接头质量评价

热冲压高强钢由于其独特的材料特性及点焊热循环的瞬时高温作用,致使点焊接头存在严重的不均匀性,接头更倾向于以界面断裂方式失效,采用传统的接头评价标准存在严重的评价不足问题。针对热冲压高强钢点焊接头质量评价问题,建立热冲压高强钢焊点熔核区球面模型,通过对界面断裂和熔核拔出两种失效方式下的接头应力分析,获得热冲压高强钢焊点临界失效熔核直径评价标准,并在1.2 mm,2 mm厚热冲压高强钢板上通过验证。结果表明,该临界失效熔核直径评价标准能够准确评价22MnB5钢板点焊接头失效。     

双相钢搭接点焊接头疲劳寿命分析

研究了双相钢焊点特征,对不同匹配双相钢搭接焊点进行了疲劳试验,获得了焊点的载荷寿命曲线.研究了双相钢焊点的疲劳裂纹扩展及失效形式,分析和解释了疲劳过程中的现象,并根据裂纹的实际扩展路径,提出了局部等效张开应力强度因子keq,从断裂力学的角度对双相钢焊点的疲劳失效进行了分析.结果表明,keq能够有效地关联具有不同厚度,不同熔核直径的搭接焊点试样的疲劳寿命,是反映双相钢焊点疲劳强度的有效参量,能够用来预测焊点疲劳寿命.     

核用ODS钢电阻点焊性能

为评价氧化物弥散强化合金(oxide dispersion-strengthened alloy, ODS)钢的电阻点焊性能,使用金相显微镜及扫描电镜观察了9CrYWT-ODS钢焊点不同区域的组织,测试了焊点的拉伸剪切性能,确定了合适的焊接电流范围. 结果表明,焊点不同区域内氧化相尺寸存在明显差异,热影响区回火区温度较低,氧化相细小,热影响区相变区温度较高,氧化相有所长大,熔核区温度很高,氧化相明显粗化. 随着焊接电流增大,熔核尺寸增大导致焊点最大拉伸剪切力升高的同时,失效方式由界面失效逐渐转变为部分界面?部分焊点拔出失效及完全焊点拔出失效,继续增大焊接电流到飞溅产生时,熔核尺寸减小引起最大拉伸剪切力降低,失效方式再次转变为部分界面?部分焊点拔出失效和界面失效. 根据拉伸剪切试验结果确定合适的焊接电流范围为6.6 ~ 7.0 kA.     

22MnB5热成形钢点焊接头组织演变与性能分析

采用不同工艺参数对22MnB5热成形钢进行点焊试验,分析工艺参数对焊点性能的影响,并研究22MnB5热成形钢点焊接头组织演变及组织—性能关系. 结果表明,焊点熔核直径与拉剪力两者表现出正相关关系. 与电极压力相比,焊接电流对焊点力学性能具有更大的影响. 焊点各区域的组织演变导致了明显的硬度差异. 熔核区、过临界热影响区、亚临界热影响区及母材区均为马氏体组织. 临界热影响区为铁素体 + 马氏体双相组织,导致硬度显著降低. 该软化区增加了焊点失效时的承载能力及能量吸收能力,促使接头失效以“熔核拔出”方式发生.     

双相钢DP780电阻点焊工艺研究

研究了双相钢DP780的电阻点焊工艺。采用超景深显微镜和维氏硬度计等手段研究了点焊接头的微观组织和力学性能。优化试验参数为:焊接电流12 kA,焊接时间10 cyc,电极压力3.5 kN。双相钢点焊接头熔核微观组织为柱状晶,主要是马氏体和少量的铁素体。在拉剪条件下,其点焊接头主要有界面撕裂和熔核剥离等失效模式。     

热镀锌双相钢点焊结构的临界试样厚度

针对热镀锌双相钢DP600电阻点焊结构的分界面断裂失效,利用统计分析方法,研究了不同熔核长度(5～8 mm)下,板厚分别为0.8 mm和1.5 mm的DP600点焊结构拉剪测试失效模式,建立DP600点焊结构发生分界面断裂失效的概率与熔核长度和板厚的关系模型,从而确定其临界试样厚度,以及熔核长度对临界试样厚度的影响.结果表明,熔核长度和板厚对DP600点焊结构分界面断裂失效的影响较大;随着熔核长度的递增,临界试样厚度呈线性增加.研究结果可为车身用高强钢电阻点焊结构的优化提供指导.     

AZ31B镁合金电阻点焊接头断裂形式分析

以AZ31B镁合金板材为研究对象,采用基于断裂力学理论分析电阻点焊接头 拉剪力试验后的两种断裂模式,即纽扣断裂和结合面断裂.结果表明,AZ3lB镁合金焊点断裂形式受熔核边界的最大拉应力影响,当熔核边界的最大拉应力小于母材抗拉强度时,焊点发生纽扣断裂,反之则发生结合面断裂;同时,AZ31B镁合金的焊点从纽扣断裂过渡到结合...     

600MPa级高Al冷轧双相钢的点焊工艺研究

基于600 MPa级高Al冷轧双相钢WHT600DP的点焊工艺和力学性能试验,以及接头的宏观金相分析,研究了焊接电流、焊接时间等工艺参数变化对点焊接头压痕深度、焊核直径、焊透率以及拉剪强度等性能指标的影响规律,进而得到了WHT600DP钢的焊接工艺窗口图.研究结果表明:在焊接时间变化较大的情况下,WHT600DP钢的可...     

Similar and dissimilar resistance spot weldability of galvanised DP1000 and TWIP980 steels

Similar and dissimilar combinations of a 1000?MPa galvanised dual phase (DP) steel and a 980?MPa twining-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel were resistance spot welded under different welding parameters. The microstructure, expulsion situation, nugget size and mechanical properties of spot welds were evaluated systematically. The results showed that the differences of microstructure and chemical compositions caused that the weld nugget hardness increases in the order of TWIP/TWIP, DP/TWIP and DP/DP. The lower melting point and heat conductivity of the TWIP steel and the lower electric resistance of the zinc coat on the DP steel caused that the expulsion occurring current increased in the order of TWIP/TWIP, DP/TWIP and DP/DP and under the same welding condition the nugget diameter increased in the order of DP/DP, DP/TWIP and TWIP/TWIP. Furthermore, the tensile shear failure mode and location depends on the nugget size, microstructure and hardness distribution of spot weld.     

DP780双相钢电阻点焊的数值模拟及试验验证

为了提高实际生产中的焊点质量,探究影响焊点质量的因素,针对厚度分别为1.6和2.0 mm的DP780样片组,建立电阻点焊过程的轴对称有限元模型,采用融合力场、热场、电场及微观组织结构的耦合分析模型模拟点焊熔核形成过程,研究点焊加热及冷却过程中的温度场分布特点,确定熔核尺寸和抗剪强度指标.通过试验测定实际点焊接头的熔核尺寸以及抗剪强度.结果表明,模拟预测的熔核尺寸、失效剪切力与试验值之间误差分别为2.05%和13.6%;焊接过程中的飞溅是导致误差的主要原因.     

Studies on the micro-laser spot welding of an NdFeB permanent magnet with a low carbon steel

In search of high speed and miniaturization, the welding of NdFeB permanent magnet material is currently of increasing interest. Previous studies have shown that dissimilar material joining between magnet and steel sheets can be realized by laser irradiation, but it is still not clear how the welding parameters affect the weld quality. In this paper, the results are reported of experiments studying effects of laser pulse power, pulse duration, and defocusing distance on joint dimensions and mechanical behavior in laser spot welding of an NdFeB magnet (N48) with a low carbon steel (AISI 1006). Both conduction mode and keyhole mode welding were performed in the present study. The welding modes can be altered by changing peak power or defocusing distance, but not by changing pulse duration. Three fracture modes were found in shear tests, i.e., ‘nugget pullout’, ‘through nugget’ and ‘magnet crush’, while in peel tests, only ‘nugget pullout’ fracture mode was observed. The different fracture modes under different loading conditions were attributed to the mechanical locking effects present under shear testing but not under peel testing. For ‘nugget pullout’ mode fracture, the metallurgical quality of joints is the controlling factor of fracture forces; for ‘nugget through’ and ‘magnet crush’ mode fractures, the controlling factors are the size and strength of the nugget and base magnet. Certain nugget penetration should be achieved to avoid ‘nugget pullout’ fracture, while excessive growth of nugget should be limited to avoid ‘magnet crush’ fracture by appropriately adjusting process parameters.     

Influence of initial gap on weld expulsion in resistance spot welding of dual phase steel

Abstract

The weld expulsion is prone to occur and severely affects the nugget quality when the initial gap between dual phase (DP) steel sheets exist in resistance spot welding (RSW). To investigate the effect of initial gap on weld expulsion, a finite element model was developed to analyse the weld nugget formation process with different initial gaps for DP steels. An estimation method of expulsion occurrence based on the ratio of the nugget radius R_n and the contact radius R_c between sheets was proposed to get the critical initial gap without expulsion. The simulation and experimental results showed that the weld expulsion would not happen until the gap spacing reaches the critical value. The critical initial gap of DP steel is much smaller than that of low carbon steel. For both DP steel and low carbon steel, the critical initial gap would increase with the thickening of the steel sheet.     

Welding behaviour,microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar resistance spot welds between galvannealed HSLA350 and DP600 steels

Abstract

Resistance spot welding experiments were conducted on dissimilar material combination of HSLA350/DP600 steels. The welds were characterised using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The fusion zone of the dissimilar material spot weld was predominantly martensitic with some bainite. Mechanical properties were also determined by tensile shear, cross tension and fatigue tests. The performance of dissimilar material spot weld was different from that of the similar ones in each of the HSLA350 and DP600 steels and exhibited different heat affected zone hardness. The DP600 weld properties played a dominating role in the microstructure and tensile properties of the dissimilar material spot welds. However, the fatigue performance of the dissimilar welds was similar to that of the HSLA350 welds. Fatigue tests on the dissimilar material spot welds showed that the 5·5 mm diameter nugget exhibited higher fatigue strength than the 7·5 mm diameter nugget.