7B04高强铝合金搅拌摩擦焊搭接接头界面成形与力学性能

为了研究7B04高强铝合金搅拌摩擦焊搭接接头的界面成形与力学性能,对2 mm厚薄板搭接接头进行了不同工艺参数的搅拌摩擦焊接。试验结果表明:当旋转速度和轴肩下压量不变,焊接速度在50~300 mm/min之间变化时,接头的抗拉强度先增后减;当旋转速度和焊接速度不变,轴肩下压量在0.1~0.4 mm之间变化时,接头的抗拉强度逐渐增大;当焊接速度和轴肩下压量不变,旋转速度在400~1000 r/min之间变化时,接头的抗拉强度先增后减。当旋转速度为600 r/min、焊接速度为200 mm/min、轴肩下压量为0.3 mm时,接头强度最高。     

6061铝合金接头成形质量及性能与搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数关系的研究

针对3 mm厚6061铝合金板,进行搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数对接头成形质量与性能的方向研究。轴肩下压量主要影响接头成形,搅拌头转速和焊接速度主要影响接头质量,通过改变上述一次参数,观察并分析接头成形和抗拉强度的变化情况。结果表明,当轴肩下压量为0.2 mm时,焊缝表面成形好、缺陷少且抗拉强度高;搅拌头转速较高或焊接速度较低时,焊缝表面成形好、强度高且鱼鳞状纹路稳定、明显;当搅拌头转数为950 r/min、焊接速度为37.5 mm/min时,焊接接头成形好、抗拉强度最大,并且只有在搅拌头转速与焊接速度相匹配的条件下,才能获得高抗拉强度的焊接接头。     

焊接参数对铝制燃油箱搅拌摩擦焊接头成形及力学性能的影响

对燃油箱用5052铝合金进行搅拌摩擦焊工艺试验,通过改变搅拌头下压量、搅拌头旋转速度和搅拌头移动速度(焊接速度),研究工艺参数对焊接接头外观成形及接头力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,下压量对焊缝成形影响较大;旋转速度和焊接速度表征的是热输入,其对焊接质量有综合影响。在合理的工艺参数范围内,焊接接头的抗拉强度达到了母材的90%以上,屈服强度达到母材的80%以上。     

7075铝合金薄板搅拌摩擦点焊接头力学性能研究

采用正交试验法对7075铝合金薄板搅拌摩擦点焊工艺参数进行了优化,分析了点焊接头的成形情况,测试了接头的抗拉强度和焊点的硬度,分析了接头冶金结合面积与最大抗拉载荷之间的关系.结果表明,焊接停留时间对焊点抗拉强度的影响最显著,其次是搅拌头旋转速度,而轴肩下压量的影响最小.焊接工艺参数为:停留时间6s、下压量0.2mam、旋转速度1 500 r/min时,焊点最大抗拉载荷为6.07 kN,焊点表面成形良好,冶金结合程度最佳,焊点硬度分布呈“W”形,热影响区硬度值最低.     

塑料板的搅拌摩擦焊工艺研究

主要对塑料板的搅拌摩擦焊工艺进行了探索,研究了主要的工艺参数（包括搅拌头的形状、搅拌头的旋转速度、焊接速度、轴肩下压量和主轴倾角）对塑料焊缝成形的影响,并对焊后成形较好的试样进行了力学性能试验和焊缝横截面的宏观分析.结果表明,当工艺参数选择合适时,可以得到光滑、美观和无缺陷的焊缝,接头的抗拉强度可达到母材的90%以上.     

基于田口法的高硅铝合金超高旋转速度搅拌摩擦焊接工艺优化

超高旋转速度搅拌摩擦焊借助超高旋转速度摩擦热量实现了薄板高硅铝合金的连接,这一方法大大降低了搅拌摩擦焊接的轴向力,减小了焊接变形,对焊接薄板铝合金具有独特的优势。文中以焊缝成形质量和焊接接头抗拉强度作为响应值,基于田口法对影响焊接质量的主要焊接工艺参数(旋转速度、焊接速度和下压量)进行试验设计,优化高硅铝合金超高旋转速度搅拌摩擦焊工艺。结果表明,焊接速度和下压量是显著影响因素,最优焊接工艺参数焊接速度为60 cm/min,旋转速度为14 000 r/min,下压量为1.8 mm。这一工艺条件下高硅铝合金超高旋转速度搅拌摩擦焊接接头的最大抗拉强度为129 MPa,达到母材高硅铝合金抗拉强度的97%。     

基于田口法的高硅铝合金超高旋转速度搅拌摩擦焊接工艺优化

超高旋转速度搅拌摩擦焊借助超高旋转速度摩擦热量实现了薄板高硅铝合金的连接,这一方法大大降低了搅拌摩擦焊接的轴向力,减小了焊接变形,对焊接薄板铝合金具有独特的优势。文中以焊缝成形质量和焊接接头抗拉强度作为响应值,基于田口法对影响焊接质量的主要焊接工艺参数(旋转速度、焊接速度和下压量)进行试验设计,优化高硅铝合金超高旋转速度搅拌摩擦焊工艺。结果表明,焊接速度和下压量是显著影响因素,最优焊接工艺参数焊接速度为60 cm/min,旋转速度为14 000 r/min,下压量为1.8 mm。这一工艺条件下高硅铝合金超高旋转速度搅拌摩擦焊接接头的最大抗拉强度为129 MPa,达到母材高硅铝合金抗拉强度的97%。     

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接缺陷分析及工艺优化

以7075铝合金为研究对象,采用自设计的2.5°内凹轴肩三斜面圆锥搅拌头进行搅拌摩擦焊接试验,研究了下压量,搅拌头旋转速度,焊接速度等不同焊接工艺参数对接头质量的影响。通过分析焊接参数、摩擦产热以及材料塑性流动之间的相互影响,揭示缺陷的形成机理及其对焊接接头性能的影响,并提出了相关的预防与工艺优化方案,以降低7075铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接缺陷的形成机率。     

镁-钢异种金属无匙孔搅拌摩擦点焊工艺的研究

采用自行研制的无匙孔搅拌摩擦点焊方法对3mm厚AZ31B镁板和1mm厚DP600镀锌钢板异种金属进行搭接焊接(钢板在上,镁板在下),研究了其焊接工艺参数对焊点成形及力学性能的影响.通过正交试验结果分析表明:参数因素影响从主到次为:B(轴肩下压量)→A(搅拌头旋转速度)→C(搅拌针直径).在焊接时间一定时,确定了搅拌针伸出量为1.8～2.0mm、转速为1200～1500r/min、轴肩下压量为0.1～0.3mm、搅拌针直径为5.5～6.0mm时,得到的接头表面成形较好,接头剪切力均能达到7.5kN以上.     

工艺参数对钛/铝搅拌摩擦点焊成形及拉剪性能影响

对3 mm厚的TC4钛合金和3 mm厚的2A14铝合金进行直插式搅拌摩擦点焊试验,通过对各种工艺条件下的点焊接头焊点表面形貌观察和剪切拉伸试验。分析了不同工艺参数对点焊接头形貌和拉剪性能的影响。结果表明:在本次试验研究范围内,随着搅拌头旋转速度、轴肩下压量和停留时间等工艺参数变量的增加,焊点表面成型变好;当工艺参数增加的过大时,焊点表面成型又会重新变差。搅拌头旋转速度、轴肩下压量和停留时间等工艺参数对点焊接头剪切拉伸强度的影响都是随着该变量的增加呈现先增大后减小趋势;当搅拌头旋转转速为950 r/min、停留时间为9 s和轴肩下压量为0.3 mm时,焊点表面成型较好,此时接头的剪切拉伸载荷达到最大值,为7.262 k N。     

7050-T7451铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊接试验分析

在不同焊接参数下进行了7050-T7451铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊接试验,对接头显微组织进行了光学和TEM分析,并测试了接头的抗拉强度和硬度分布.焊接工艺参数通过影响接头微观组织和焊接缺陷来影响接头的力学性能,在转速800r/min和焊速200mm/min的情况下,接头的抗拉强度最高达到母材强度的88%.焊接热输入较高时,接头的拉伸断裂出现在热影响区,而热输入较低时,焊缝底部出现未焊合,接头从此处首先发生开裂.结果表明,焊核区发生了动态再结晶和沉淀相溶解;热影响区发生了沉淀相粗化,晶间出现无沉淀带.     

Analysis of process parameters effects on dissimilar friction stir welding of AA1100 and A441 AISI steel

Abstract

A prominent benefit of friction stir welding process is to join plates with dissimilar material. In this study, an attempt is made to find effects of tool offset, plunge depth, welding traverse speed and tool rotational speed on tensile strength, microhardness and material flow in dissimilar friction stir welding of AA1100 aluminium alloy and A441 AISI steel plates. Here, one factor at a time experimental design was utilised for conducting the experiments. Results indicated the strongest joint obtained at 1·3?mm tool offset and 0·2?mm plunge depth when the tool rotational speed and linear speed were 800?rev min^??1 and 63?mm min^??1 respectively. The maximum tensile strength of welded joints with mentioned optimal parameters was 90% aluminium base metal. Fracture locations in tensile test at all samples were in aluminium sides. Owing to the formation of intermetallic compounds at high tool rotational speed, the microhardness of joint interface goes beyond that of A441 AISI steel.     

工艺参数对复合搅拌摩擦点焊接头力学性能的影响

采用LF21铝合金研究了复合搅拌摩擦焊时焊接工艺参数(旋转速度、旋转半径)对焊接接头力学性能的影响.结果表明,当其它焊接参数一定时,焊点的力学性能随着搅拌头旋转速度的增加而增加,当搅拌头的旋转速度增加到1 200 r/min时,焊点的剪切力达到最大值为3.47 kN,随着搅拌头旋转速度的进一步增加,焊点的力学性能开始降低.改变旋转半径,焊点的力学性能随着旋转半径的增加而增加,当旋转半径达到0.5 mm时,焊点的剪切力达到最大值为3.47 kN,然后,随着旋转半径的继续增加,焊点的力学性能开始降低.LF21铝合金的复合搅拌摩擦点焊焊点的微观组织与直插式搅拌摩擦点焊不同的是,在塑性环的边上形成了一个由第二层塑性环形成的"耳朵形"区域.     

耐磨铝硅铜合金的双面搅拌摩擦焊

对10 mm厚的铝硅铜合金进行了双面搅拌摩擦焊接,研究了焊接接头的显微组织及力学性能.研究表明,铸态金属晶粒和硅粒子在双面搅拌摩擦焊接过程中得到细化,硅颗粒分布均匀化.反面焊道比正面焊道的晶粒细化和硅粒子均匀化作用更明显.异向焊接的接头强度较低,所有接头均断在焊缝的前进侧.同向焊接的接头强度较高,接头断裂位置取决于焊接参数.选用搅拌头旋转频率为950 r/min、焊接速度为10mm/min的参数焊接时,同向接头表面成形好、内部无缺陷,其强度可达母材的87.4%.     

超硬铝合金搅拌摩擦焊全局动态鲁棒控制技术

针对7075超硬铝在传统熔焊过程中易出现热裂纹、气孔等焊接接头软化问题,建立基于搅拌摩擦焊接工艺参数变化与焊接接头强度间的动态鲁棒控制关系. 根据全局运动与焊接强度参数间的非线性关系,建立搅拌针运动动态鲁棒控制模型,对焊接接头的断后伸长率、抗拉强度、硬度等物理参数进行计算. 建立未来时刻焊接过程工艺参数的鲁棒动态进化优化模型,实现工艺参数实时优化控制. 根据模型进行的一系列焊接接头强度试验结果,该模型的预测结果可以满足工程需要,具有工程实用价值.     

Process parameters optimization for friction stir welding of RDE-40 aluminium alloy using Taguchi technique

Taguchi approach was applied to determine the most influential control factors which will yield better tensile strength of the joints of friction stir welded RDE-40 aluminium alloy. In order to evaluate the effect of process parameters such as tool rotational speed, traverse speed and axial force on tensile strength of friction stir welded RDE-40 aluminium alloy, Taguchi parametric design and optimization approach was used. Through the Taguchi parametric design approach, the optimum levels of process parameters were determined. The results indicate that the rotational speed, welding speed and axial force are the significant parameters in deciding the tensile strength of the joint. The predicted optimal value of tensile strength of friction stir welded RDE-40 aluminium alloy is 303 MPa. The results were confirmed by further experiments.     

焊接速度对6005A-T6铝合金双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接头力学性能的影响

文中研究了转速和热输入特征值WP一定两种条件下焊接速度对6005A-T6铝合金双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接头力学性能的影响. 结果表明,转速一定时,接头抗拉强度随焊接速度的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势;热输入特征值WP一定时,随着焊接速度的增加,接头的抗拉强度持续减小;接头呈现出三种断裂方式,分别为发生于热影响区的Ⅰ型断裂、发生于焊核区的Ⅱ型断裂和发生于热力影响区的Ⅲ型断裂;Ⅰ型断裂和Ⅱ型断裂为韧性断裂;Ⅲ型断裂为包含韧性断裂和脆性断裂的混合型断裂;接头拉伸断裂位置并非总出现在硬度最低处;焊接速度小于1 000 mm/min时,WP ≤ 1有利于提高接头力学性能,而焊接速度大于1 000 mm/min时,WP > 1更有利于提高接头力学性能.     

Friction stir welding of copper alloys

Copper plates ,brass plates and copper/brass plates were friction stir welded with various parameters. Experimental results show that the microstructure of the weld is characterized by its much finer grains as contrasted with the coarse grains of parent materials and the heat-affected zones are very narrow. The microhardness of the copper weld is a little higher than that of parent plate. The microhardness of brass weld is about 25% higher than that of parent material. The tensile strength of copper joints increases with increasing welding speed in the test range. The range of parameters to obtain good welds for copper is much wider than that for brass. When different materials were welded, the position of copper plate before welding affected the quality of FSW joints. If the copperplate was put on the advancing side of weld, the good quality of weld could be got under proper parameters.     

Optimizing friction stir welding parameters to maximize tensile strength of AA2219 aluminum alloy joints

AA2219 aluminium alloy (Al-Cu-Mn alloy) has gathered wide acceptance in the fabrication of lightweight structures requiring a high strength-to-weight ratio and good corrosion resistance. In contrast to the fusion welding processes that are routinely used for joining structural aluminium alloys, the friction stir welding (FSW) process is an emerging solid state joining process in which the material that is being welded does not melt and recast. This process uses a non-consumable tool to generate frictional heat in the abutting surfaces. The welding parameters such as tool rotational speed, welding speed, axial force etc., and the tool pin profile play a major role in determining the joint strength. An attempt has been made here to develop a mathematical model to predict the tensile strength of friction stir welded AA2219 aluminium alloy by incorporating FSW process parameters. A central composite design with four factors and five levels has been used to minimize the number of experimental conditions. The response surface method (RSM) has been used to develop the model. The developed mathematical model has been optimized using the Hooke and Jeeves search technique to maximize the tensile strength of the friction stir welded AA2219 aluminium alloy joints.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir weld of dissimilar AZ31-O magnesium alloy to 6061-T6 aluminum alloy

Dissimilar friction stir welding between AZ31-O Mg and 6061-T6 Al alloys was investigated. 3 mm thick plates of aluminum and magnesium were used. Friction stir welding operations were performed at different rotation and travel speeds. The rotation speeds varied from 600 to 1400 r/min, and the travel speed varied from 20 to 60 mm/min. Defect-free weld was obtained with a rotation speed of 1000 r/min and travel speed of 40 mm/min. Metallographic studies showed that the grain size in the stir zone is much finer than that in the base metals. Complex flow pattern was formed in the stir zone. Microhardness measurement revealed an uneven distribution in the stir zone. Tensile test results indicated that the tensile strength of the welded specimen is about 76% of AZ31 Mg alloy and 60% of the 6061 Al alloy in tensile strength. SEM fracture surface image of the welded specimen indicated that the welded specimen failed through brittle-mode fracture.