冷锻AZ31镁合金再结晶过程动力学

对不同变形量的冷锻AZ31镁合金在不同温度和保温时间下进行退火.通过对其组织的研究和静态再结晶动力学的分析,结果表明:可以用JMAK方程对其静态再结晶体积分数和退火时间的关系进行描述.由实验数据计算得到冷锻AZ31镁合金再结晶激活能为53.5kJ/mol左右,同时得到各温度下的再结晶完成时间,可为冷锻AZ31镁合金退火工艺的制定提供一定参考.     

AZ31镁合金热变形特性研究

通过MTS试验机进行等温压缩实验,变形温度范围473～623 K、应变速率范围0.001～1 s-1,研究了AZ31镁合金的流变应力行为及其微观组织的演变规律.结果表明,变形温度、应变速率与峰值应力之间的相互关系可用指数模型来描述,其激活能约为138.13kJ/mol,而动态再结晶则是该合金在热变形过程中的主要软化机制和晶粒细化手段.     

ZK60镁合金高温压缩道次间软化规律的研究

在Gleebe-1500热力模拟机上,采用双道次间隙式等温热压缩实验,对ZK60镁合金双道次热变形过程中的道次间软化规律进行了研究.变形温度为200℃和300℃,应变速率为0.005s-1和0.05s-1,道次间隙停留时间在1～300s之间变化.结果表明:材料在变形道次间的主要静态软化机制是亚动态再结晶,建立了亚动态再结晶动力学模型,相应的亚动态再结晶激活能约为50.12kJ/mol,远小于动态再结晶激活能.     

AZ31镁合金冷压缩变形再结晶的研究

对取自铸态的AZ31镁合金进行不同变形量的压缩变形,然后在不同温度下保温不同时间进行退火处理,观察微观组织,获得变形量、退火温度和保温时间对AZ31镁合金微观组织的影响规律.结果表明:在退火过程中,变形量大(12.5%和15%)的试样可以发生完全再结晶,变形量为2.5%和5%的试样未观察到再结晶的发生.随着退火温度的升高,再结晶过程加快,孪晶界是新的再结晶形核地点.     

漂珠/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的高温压缩变形行为

采用搅拌铸造法制备了漂珠(FAC)/AZ91D镁合金复合材料。研究了该复合材料的高温压缩变形行为,分析了压缩变形温度和应变率对FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料压缩变形行为的影响规律,并计算了其热变形激活能。结果表明:FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的高温压缩真应力-真应变曲线分为4个阶段:弹性变形、加工硬化、峰值应力和稳态流变阶段。相同应变率下,FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的峰值应力和稳态流变应力随压缩变形温度的升高而降低;相同压缩变形温度下,流变应力随应变率增大而升高。在相同应变率或相同压缩变形温度下,FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的热变形激活能随压缩应变率或压缩变形温度的升高而增大,其热压缩行为可以用双曲正弦函数形式的Arrhenius关系来描述。压缩变形温度与应变率对FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的高温压缩组织均有重要影响。提高压缩变形温度或增大应变率,均可加速动态再结晶的进程。     

短切碳纤维/AZ91D镁合金复合材料高温变形动态再结晶行为

在变形温度为340~400℃、应变速率为0.001~0.1 s^-1、最大真应变为0.7的条件下,采用等温压缩实验研究了短切碳纤维（CF_s）/AZ91D复合材料和AZ91D镁合金的动态再结晶行为。结果表明：CF_s/AZ91D复合材料和AZ91D镁合金在高温压缩过程中均发生了显著的动态再结晶;CF_s极大地促进了AZ91D基体的动态再结晶过程,减小了动态再结晶临界应变并细化了再结晶晶粒组织;AZ91D镁合金动态再结晶体积分数随应变量增加表现为典型的"S"型变化曲线,而CF_s/AZ91D复合材料则呈现出快速增长-缓慢增长-趋于平稳的非线性变化规律。根据实验结果分别建立了CF_s/AZ91D复合材料和AZ91D镁合金的动态再结晶临界应变模型和动力学模型,在此基础上分析了二者高温变形动态再结晶行为的差异。     

AA7085铝合金动态再结晶临界条件研究

在250~450℃的温度范围和0.01~10s-1的变形速率范围内对AA7085超高强铝合金进行了单向热压缩模拟实验,研究了其热变形行为以及动态再结晶的临界条件。研究表明,AA7085铝合金其流变应力随着变形温度的升高和变形速率的下降而降低,其变形激活能较低,为175kJ/mol,有利于进行热塑性加工,高于纯铝的自扩散激活能(165kJ/mol),材料内部发生了动态再结晶;其临界应变随着变形温度的上升而减小,随着变形速率的增加而增加,根据热力学不可逆性原理,获得了AA7085铝合金的动态再结晶的临界条件,并分析了热变形过程中的组织变化规律。     

23CrNi3Mo钢动态再结晶行为和组织演变研究

利用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机进行单道次热压缩变形,通过控制变形温度(900,950,1 000,1 050℃)和应变速率(0.01,0.1和1 s-1)研究了23CrNi3Mo钢的动态再结晶行为,分析了变形温度、应变速率对动态再结晶行为和组织演变的影响.结果表明:23CrNi3Mo钢动态再结晶的再结晶激活能为293.23 kJ/mol;采用θ-σ模型较精确地获得了发生动态再结晶的临界应变与峰值应变,并确定了其平均比值εc/εp=0.63;确定了材料常数和热变形本构方程.通过对热模拟实验数据的分析和显微组织观察,建立了不同变形条件下动态再结晶模型和晶粒尺寸模型.     

ZK60镁合金的热压缩变形行为

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机在温度250～400℃、应变速率0.001～1s-1、最大变形程度105%的条件下对ZK60镁合金进行了高温压缩模拟实验研究。分析了实验合金在高温变形时的流变应力和应变速率及变形温度之间的关系,计算了变形激活能和应力指数,并观察了热压缩变形过程中组织的变化。结果表明,合金的峰值流变应力随应变速率的增大而增加,随温度的升高而减小;在给定的变形条件下,计算出合金的变形激活能为63～130kJ/mol,应力指数为2.78～3.79;降低变形温度和提高应变速率可使再结晶晶粒的平均尺寸减小。     

等通道角挤压AZ91D镁合金热压缩变形行为

在应变速率为0.005~1 s~(-1)、温度200~275℃条件下,利用Instron-5500热模拟机,对经过等通道角挤压(Equal Channel Angular Extrusion,ECAE)后的AZ91D镁合金的高温压缩特性进行了研究,得到了ECAE-ed态AZ91D镁合金真实应力-应变曲线,分析了挤压温度、应变速率等对其的影响,得出本构方程的一系列常量,建立了ECAE-ed态AZ91D镁合金在高温压缩中的本构方程关系式,并与铸态AZ91D镁合金进行了对比。结果表明:热压缩过程中,ECAE-ed态AZ91D镁合金与铸态一样,流动应力随温度的升高而降低,随应变速率的升高而升高;流动应力也可以用双曲正弦函数来描述,且双曲正弦值随Zener-Hollomon参数的自然对数的升高呈线性升高;两者同为正应变速率敏感材料,但ECAE-ed态AZ91D镁合金要比铸态应变速率敏感性小,其指数从铸态的m=0.14下降为0.096,变形激活能从182.65 kJ/mol上升为227.14 kJ/mol。研究结果对AZ91D镁合金进一步塑性成形和应用具有指导意义。     

Effect of pass strain and temperature on recrystallisation in magnesium alloy AZ31 after interrupted cold deformation

The isothermal annealing behaviour of magnesium (Mg) alloy AZ31 deformed by multi-directional forging (MDF) at ambient temperature is investigated at temperatures ranging from 443 to 518 K. With increasing pass strain (Δε) in MDF, the recrystallization time curve shifts to shorter times. The Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) exponent rises from 2.6 to 4.7, likely because microstructures with much higher density and finer twins evolve and are more homogeneously distributed at higher Δε. The activation energy and JMAK exponent for recrystallization are 120 kJ/mol and 2.6, and 58 kJ/mol and 4.7 at low- and high-temperature regions, respectively. The annealing process occurring after cold deformation is controlled by discontinuous recrystallization. In this research, this annealing process is discussed and compared with hot-deformed Mg alloy.     

Recrystallization behavior of a supersaturated Al-Mn alloy

The effect of concurrent precipitation on recrystallization behavior during the isothermal annealing of a supersaturated and deformed Al-Mn alloy was investigated. It is found that concurrent precipitation strongly affects the recrystallization behavior of this alloy. At low temperatures, concurrent precipitation retards recrystallization and results in large flat grains. The size of recrystallized grains decreases significantly with increasing temperature. The kinetics of recrystallization was determined by measurements of hardness. The JMAK exponent decreases from 3.0 to 0.8 as the annealing temperature increases from 371 °C to 427 °C. The activation energy for recrystallization of the alloy is about 456 kJ/mol. Concurrent precipitation enhances the activation energy for recrystallization of aluminum alloys.     

微合金中碳钢的热压缩变形流变行为研究

为了对冷镦钢的生产过程进行数值模拟分析,优化其生产工艺,在MMT-200热模拟机上进行热压缩变形实验,研究了微合金中碳钢热变形流变应力行为,试验温度为800～950℃,应变速率为0.01～20 s-1.结果表明:真应力随变形温度的升高而减小,随应变速率的增大而增大,表现出正的应变速率敏感性;材料热变形过程中伴随着铁素体...     

Effect of inter-critical annealing parameters on ferrite recrystallization and austenite formation in DP 590 steel

This research investigates the effect of inter-critical annealing parameters on ferrite recrystallization and austenite formation during processing of a dual phase microstructure from a cold rolled low carbon steel. The main effort was to determine optimum annealing parameters for producing a desired ferrite-martensite dual phase microstructure in the steel for improved strength–ductility combination. A 57% cold rolled steel sheet was subjected to inter-critical annealing under different temperature–time conditions. Annealing temperatures were determined using Thermo-Calc. After annealing experiments, the resulting microstructures and corresponding hardness values were evaluated to determine ferrite recrystallization and austenite fraction under different conditions. The activation energy for ferrite recrystallization was 235.6?kJ/mol using standard Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov analysis. Experiments showed that inter-critical annealing parameters affect the phenomenon of ferrite recrystallization and austenite formation. It was observed that both the rate of ferrite recrystallization and austenite formation increase with an increase in annealing temperature. Finally, steel was annealed under conditions similar to industrial processing in an annealing simulator with the selected annealing parameters to obtain improved strength–percentage elongation combinations. The steel under these conditions showed significant improvements in strength–ductility combination (610?MPa–26%; 680?MPa–15%) with an ideal yield strength to an ultimate tensile strength ratio of 0.5.     

The recrystallization and thermal oxidation behavior of CP-titanium

In this study, the effect of cold working on the recrystallization and thermal oxidation behaviours of Grade 2 quality commercial purity titanium (CP-Ti) were examined. Recrystallization tests were carried out on the 23%, 35% and 50% cold worked samples at various temperatures in between 550 and 700 °C. Thermal oxidation of the cold worked samples was conducted at 600 and 650 °C. Recrystallization activation energy was calculated as 66–88 kJ/mol. Since thermal oxidation progresses by oxide layer growth and diffusion of oxygen into the substrate (oxygen diffusion zone formation), oxygen diffusion zone formation activation energies of 149–170 kJ/mol were calculated for the examined cold work ratios. These results indicate that when a cold worked CP-Ti was subjected to thermal oxidation treatment to improve its surface hardness and wear resistance, it loses its bulk hardness due to recrystallization.     

冷变形对12Cr铁素体/马氏体钢回复与再结晶过程的影响

研究了一种新型高Cr低活性铁素体/马氏体(F/M)钢用作超临界水堆燃料包壳管用候选材料,研究冷变形对其铁素体和板条马氏体双相组织的回复、再结晶过程的影响.结果表明,不同冷变形量对板条马氏体再结晶的促进程度不同,10%冷变形后780℃高温退火只发生回复,回火马氏体板条发生合并与迁移;60%冷变形后780℃高温退火,回火马...     

Enhanced stretch formability and mechanical properties of a magnesium alloy processed by cold forging and subsequent annealing

A magnesium alloy AZ21 was multi-directionally forged at room temperature to cumulative strains of ΣΔɛ = 1.5 and then subjected to various annealing treatments. The results showed that the initial grains were gradually subdivided into ultrafine ones by mechanical twins. The annealing temperature had a pronounced effect on the microstructural evolution. At 523 K, a homogeneous structure with a mean grain size of 3.8 μm was obtained, which exhibited remarkable texture weakening compared with the as-annealed specimen, resulting in significantly increase of ductility and stretch formability. Increased and decreased annealing temperature can both lead to a coarsening of grain size. Moreover, the analysis on the recrystallization kinetics during annealing indicated that it could be well described by Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov model and the activation energy for recrystallization was calculated to be about 63.4 kJ/mol.     

金红石型二氧化钛粒子成长及动力学

利用XRD技术研究了以TiCl₄为原料、用前驱体方法制备的金红石型TiO₂的粒子成长及其动力学．结果表明：随着热处理温度的不断升高,TiO₂纳米粒子的粒径也逐渐增大,在773K以下,粒子生长缓慢,在773K以上,粒子生长迅速．温度一定,TiO₂粒子随热处理时间增加而长大,且在前2h内增长较快,2h后粒径趋于稳定,粒子的成长主要受温度控制,热处理时间对粒子成长影响较小;粒子成长的表观活化能以773K为界分为两部分,温度高于773K时,粒子生长表观活化能为54．62±373kJ／mol;温度低于773K时,粒子生长表观活化能为6．43±3.39kJ／mol．     

Recrystallization of the hot isostatic pressed nickel-base superalloy FGH4096: I. Microstructure and mechanism

Hot isostatic pressed (HIPed) nickel-based superalloy FGH4096 behaves a unique flow behavior in hot compression process due to the formation of necklace microstructure and leads to its characteristic dynamic recrystallization (DRX). In this process, dislocations activate the occurrence of DRX at prior particle boundaries (PPB) and the PPB is entirely covered with DRX grains, which forms the first layer in necklace structure. In this paper, two nucleation mechanisms, viz., bulge corrugation (BC) nucleation and dislocation induce phase (DIP) nucleation, are proposed. Based on the proposed mechanisms, the recrystallization firstly occurs in PPB via BC mechanism. The DIP nucleation occurs when the hot plastic deformation is carried out at the temperature below the γ′ phase solution temperature. To verify the proposed mechanisms, hot compression experiments were conducted. The models are then verified based on the experiments. Furthermore, the recrystallization activation energy of 922 kJ/mol is determined, which includes the growth energy and the two nucleation energies, viz., BC and DIP nucleation energies.     

Quantifying the recrystallization of cold rolled AA 3015 aluminum alloy by X-ray diffraction

The recrystallization kinetics of continuous cast (CC) AA 3015 aluminum alloy with and without pre-treatment has been investigated by X-ray diffraction and measurements of hardness. The variation in texture volume fractions with annealing time reflects better the progress of recrystallization. The JMAK exponent and the activation energy for recrystallization derived from texture data are in good agreement with those from hardness data. Monitoring the change of texture volume fractions during annealing is shown to be a feasible method of determining the recrystallization kinetics of aluminum alloys. The recrystallization kinetics and recrystallization texture of CC AA 3015 aluminum alloy are strongly affected by concurrent precipitation. Concurrent precipitation significantly retards the recrystallization of CC AA 3015 aluminum alloy, decreases the JMAK exponent, enhances the activation energy for recrystallization, and results in a strong P recrystallization texture.