氯化钠存在下溴离子-十六烷基三甲基氯化铵体系浮选分离金的研究

研究了氯化钠存在下溴离子-十六烷基三甲基氯化铵体系浮选分离金的方法及条件。在盐酸介质中，金（Ⅲ）浮选率为98．0％，与常见贱金属分离，并对浮选分离机理进行了探讨。     

Ultrasonic vocalizations as an index of social memory in female mice.

Ultrasonic vocalization (UV) as a measure of social memory was investigated in female mice. UVs emitted by a resident female in the presence of a same-sex partner were measured during a 3-min, pretest social interaction. In a second 3-min test session, mice were reexposed to the familiar partner or presented with a novel partner. In the first case, there was a decline in UVs emitted by resident mice when the intervals between the 2 sessions were 15, 30, or 60 min. After 24 hr, this effect disappeared. In contrast, with a novel female partner, the number of UVs remained unchanged. Scopolamine (0.05 mg/kg ip) disrupted this memory process: Drug-treated females did not show the expected decrease in UVs when reexposed to the familiar female after 30 min. This study provides behavioral and pharmacological evidence that ultrasonic calls can be used as a measure of social memory in female mice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Functional recovery of taste sensitivity to sodium chloride depends on regeneration of the chorda tympani nerve after transection in the rat.

Chorda tympani nerve (CT) transection (CTX) raises sodium chloride (NaCl) taste detection threshold, but the effect of CT regeneration on NaCl threshold is unknown. This experiment examined whether CT regeneration supports normal NaCl threshold in the rat. Thresholds were measured with a 2-lever operant procedure. Thresholds increased more than 1 order of magnitude after CTX regardless of recovery period length. Postsurgical thresholds in rats with regenerated CTs did not differ from presurgical values. Stimulus adulteration with amiloride raised thresholds in rats with intact or regenerated CTs by about 1 order of magnitude but did not raise thresholds beyond postsurgical levels in rats with transected CTs. Thus, the regenerated CT supports normal NaCl threshold, which is raised by amiloride. Because thresholds remained elevated 62 days after CTX when regeneration was prevented, compensatory processes alone cannot support normal NaCl threshold. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Properties of electrolyte solutions relevant to high concentration chloride leaching I. Mixed aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid and magnesium chloride

A computer code based on a Pitzer model has been developed for the comprehensive prediction of the thermodynamic properties of MgCl₂–HCl aqueous solutions over a wide range of conditions from 25 to 120 °C and from 0–350 g L^− 1 chloride. This code was applied to the calculation of (i) water activities and mean ionic activity coefficients for mixed aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid and magnesium chloride over a wide range of concentrations and to 100 °C, (ii) solubilities of MgCl₂·6H₂O in MgCl₂–HCl solutions to 80 °C, (iii) partial pressures of HCl(g) and H₂O(g) over MgCl₂–HCl aqueous solutions at various temperatures and (iv) partial pressures of HCl(g) at the normal boiling point of these mixed electrolyte solutions. The model predictions are in excellent agreement with available experimental data and confirm evidence from the literature that MgCl₂(aq) and HCl(aq) mix almost ideally at constant water activity.     

Estradiol and orexin-2 saporin actions on multiple forms of behavioral arousal in female mice.

Estrogens modulate almost all aspects of female behavioral arousal; however, apart from that of sexual behavior, the neurobiology of female arousal remains unclear. Because orexins-hypocretins are neurotransmitters known to be important for behavioral arousal, the authors hypothesized that orexins may be a target for estrogen. Gonadectomized female mice received an intracerebral injection of either phosphate-buffered saline, the neurotoxin saporin (SAP), or the orexin-2-saporin conjugate (OXSAP) in the lateral hypothalamus. SAP- and OXSAP-treated mice were also divided into groups receiving either estradiol capsules or oil capsules. Mice were tested in 3 behavioral tests measuring different modes of arousal: sensory responsiveness, running wheel activity, and fearfulness. OXSAP mice showed decreases in sensory responsiveness and fearfulness concomitant with a reduction in orexin cell number. Estradiol affected all behaviors tested but decreased fearfulness only when combined with OXSAP treatment. These data indicate that estrogens modulate orexins' effects on fearfulness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Paternal influence on female behavior: The role of Peg3 in exploration, olfaction, and neuroendocrine regulation of maternal behavior of female mice.

Genomic imprinting represents a mechanism through which parent-of-origin effects on offspring development may be mediated. However, investigation of the influence of imprinted genes on behavior has been limited. Here the authors investigate the role of the maternally imprinted/paternally expressed gene, Peg3, in several aspects of behavior using both 129Sv- and B6-Peg3 mutant female mice. Virgin Peg3 females on both genetic backgrounds were less exploratory and had higher rates of defecation with strain-dependent effects on activity levels and olfactory discrimination. Reproductive success, pup retrieval, and postnatal maternal care of pups were reduced in these females whereas indices of maternal aggression were higher among B6 Peg3-KO females. Differences in maternal care were apparent in females caring for biological or cross-fostered offspring and deficits in pup retrieval apparent beyond the immediate postpartum period. Oxytocin receptor binding in the MPOA and LS was reduced in Peg3-KO females. Thus, the authors demonstrate that disruptions to Peg3 influences aspects of female behavior that are critical for mediating maternal effects on offspring development, such as postpartum licking/grooming, and that effects of Peg3 are dependent on the maternal genetic background. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

氢氧化钠熔融-超声辅助-水蒸气蒸馏-离子色谱法测定高硅银精矿中氟和氯

直接采用水蒸气蒸馏-离子色谱法测定高硅银精矿中氟和氯时,样品中的硫以硫化氢气体形式溢出,对操作人员的身体健康不利,同时高硅银精矿不能完全消解导致氟和氯测定结果偏低。为解决上述问题,实验提出了氢氧化钠熔融-超声辅助-水蒸气蒸馏-离子色谱法测定高硅银精矿中氟和氯。先使用氢氧化钠高温熔融样品,再放置于热水中结合超声技术浸出熔块及残渣中氟和氯,然后采用水蒸气蒸馏的方法将氟和氯有效蒸出,再通过离子色谱法测定。对熔样方式、超声时间、熔融温度、熔融时间、接收液体积、色谱洗脱时间等进行了优化。结果表明,在优化的实验条件下,氟和氯的校准曲线线性相关系数分别为0.999 8和0.999 2;方法检出限分别为0.002%(质量分数)和0.005%(质量分数)。按照实验方法测定高硅银精矿中氟和氯,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为1.5%～4.3%;加标回收率为95%～105%。采用高温水解法进行方法比对,结果表明两种方法的测定结果基本一致。     

氢氧化钠熔融-超声辅助-水蒸气蒸馏-离子色谱法测定高硅银精矿中氟和氯

直接采用水蒸气蒸馏-离子色谱法测定高硅银精矿中氟和氯时,样品中的硫以硫化氢气体形式溢出,对操作人员的身体健康不利,同时高硅银精矿不能完全消解导致氟和氯测定结果偏低。为解决上述问题,实验提出了氢氧化钠熔融-超声辅助-水蒸气蒸馏-离子色谱法测定高硅银精矿中氟和氯。先使用氢氧化钠高温熔融样品,再放置于热水中结合超声技术浸出熔块及残渣中氟和氯,然后采用水蒸气蒸馏的方法将氟和氯有效蒸出,再通过离子色谱法测定。对熔样方式、超声时间、熔融温度、熔融时间、接收液体积、色谱洗脱时间等进行了优化。结果表明,在优化的实验条件下,氟和氯的校准曲线线性相关系数分别为0.9998和0.9992;方法检出限分别为0.002%(质量分数)和0.005%(质量分数)。按照实验方法测定高硅银精矿中氟和氯,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为1.5%~4.3%;加标回收率为95%~105%。采用高温水解法进行方法比对,结果表明两种方法的测定结果基本一致。     

加氯化钠焙烧提高含铜金精矿中金、银、铜浸出率的试验研究

提出了一个含铜金精矿加氯化钠焙烧（酸浸铜）－氰化浸出的工艺方法。对其工艺方法的条件和机理进行了研究和探讨。研究结果表明：加氯化钠焙烧可有效地提高金、银、铜的回收率。经不同类型矿样验证，银的浸出率提高30％以上，金和铜的浸出率也有明显提高。     

The effect of amiloride on operantly conditioned performance in an NaCl taste detection task and NaCl preference in C57BL/6J mice.

A 2-response operant taste discrimination procedure, modified to assess taste sensitivity in water-restricted C57BL/6J mice, revealed a detection threshold of 0.065 M sodium chloride. Amiloride increased the threshold by –1 log?? unit. These results are the first to demonstrate the necessity of the amiloride-sensitive taste transduction pathway in the normal detection of low concentrations of sodium chloride in mice and provide a functional context in which to evaluate electrophysiological findings. Two-bottle preference tests performed with these mice and additional naive mice revealed only marginal, if any, effects of amiloride on salt intake behavior, highlighting the importance of considering the relative attributes and limitations of different behavioral assays of taste function. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The impact of alcohol and alcohol expectancies on male perception of female sexual arousal in a date rape analog.

The impact of alcohol and alcohol expectancies on men's perception of female sexual arousal and men's ability to discriminate accurately female sexual intentions in a dating situation was examined. In a 2 (alcohol)?×?2 (expectancy) balanced placebo design, men were exposed to an audiotape of a date rape and asked to signal when the man should stop making sexual advances. On 4 occasions during the vignette, participants rated how sexually aroused the woman on the tape was at that moment. Relative to controls, participants who consumed alcohol or expected to consume alcohol took significantly longer to identify the inappropriateness of the man's sexual behavior toward his date. Similarly, alcohol participants also rated the woman's sexual arousal level significantly higher at the first 2 refusals. Implications of the results are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of vomeronasal organ removal from male mice on their preference for and neural Fos responses to female urinary odors.

Four experiments were conducted to determine whether vomeronasal organ (VNO) inputs in male mice mediate the rewarding properties of estrous female urinary odors. Sexually naive male mice with either an intact (VNOi) or lesioned (VNOx) VNO preferred to investigate female urine over water in Y-maze tests. Subsequently, VNOi males ran significantly more quickly and remained in nasal contact longer with estrous female urine than with male urine, whereas VNOx males investigated these odors equally. In home-cage habituation-dishabituation tests, VNOi males also investigated female urine significantly longer than did VNOx males, although both groups investigated female urine longer than other non-body odors. Finally, female urinary odors induced Fos in the nucleus accumbens core of VNOi males but not of VNOx males. Our results suggest that female urinary odors retain some incentive value in VNOx males. However, once direct nasal contact is made with female urine, VNO inputs further activate forebrain mechanisms that amplify the reward salience of this stimulus for the male mouse. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Social transmission of food preference in mice: Methodology and application to galanin-overexpressing transgenic mice.

Social transmission of food preference (STFP) is a test of olfactory memory that can be used in mice. Confounds in STFP that can lead to misinterpretation of an STFP deficit as a memory impairment include changes in social interaction and olfaction. The issue of changes in social interaction was addressed by evaluating an observer-centric and a demonstrator-centric method for scoring the interaction phase of STFP in mice. The demonstrator-centric method was applied to a line of STFP-impaired, galanin-overexpressing transgenic (GAL-tg). GAL-tg mice were impaired in STFP without deficits in social interaction. In tests of olfactory ability, GAL-tg mice were unimpaired on buried-food and habituation-dishabituation tasks. The current studies describe an expanded method for using STFP in mice and confirm a deficit in olfactory memory in GAL-tg mice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of dopaminergic drugs on innate pheromone-mediated reward in female mice: A new case of dopamine-independent "liking."

Male sexual pheromones are innately rewarding to adult female mice, but the role of dopamine in this natural reward is unknown. The authors have tackled this issue by assessing the effects of intraperitoneal injections of dopamine D? (SCH 23390, 0.02- 0.05mg/kg) and D? (sulpiride, 20.00 mg/kg) antagonists, a dopamine releasing agent (amphetamine, 0.50 -2.00 mg/kg), and D? (SKF 38393, 10.00 -20.00 mg/kg) and D? (quinpirole, 0.20 -1.00 mg/kg) agonists on the chemoinvestigation displayed by female mice in male- versus female-soiled bedding 2-choice tests. Dopamine antagonists and quinpirole failed to affect the unconditioned preference displayed by females towards male chemosignals, whereas both amphetamine and SKF 38393 abolished it. Finally, D? and D? antagonists did not block the induction of operant place conditioning by male chemosignals. As the female mice were tested in their first encounter with male sexual pheromones, their behavior can only be influenced by the "liking" component of reward. Therefore, the results suggest that dopamine mediates neither the hedonic properties of male sexual pheromones nor the acquisition of conditioned place preference. However, dopamine acting on D1 receptors might inhibit female mice attraction towards male chemosignals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Overexpression of ΔFosB is associated with attenuated cocaine-induced suppression of saccharin intake in mice.

Rodents suppress intake of saccharin when it is paired with a drug of abuse (Goudie, Dickins, & Thornton, 1978; Risinger & Boyce, 2002). By the authors' account, this phenomenon, referred to as reward comparison, is thought to be mediated by anticipation of the rewarding properties of the drug (P. S. Grigson, 1997; P. S. Grigson & C. S. Freet, 2000). Although a great deal has yet to be discovered regarding the neural basis of reward and addiction, it is known that overexpression of ΔFosB is associated with an increase in drug sensitization and incentive. Given this, the authors reasoned that overexpression of ΔFosB should also support greater drug-induced devaluation of a natural reward. To test this hypothesis, NSE-tTA × TetOp-ΔFosB mice (Chen et al., 1998) with normal or overexpressed ΔFosB in the striatum were given access to a saccharin cue and then injected with saline, 10 mg/kg cocaine, or 20 mg/kg cocaine. Contrary to the original prediction, overexpression of ΔFosB was associated with attenuated cocaine-induced suppression of saccharin intake. It is hypothesized that elevation of ΔFosB not only increases the reward value of drug, but the reward value of the saccharin cue as well. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

青钢6~#高炉炉役后期低耗长寿生产实践

通过加强原燃料管理,合理调整热制度和造渣制度,优化高炉上下部操作制度,提高冷却系统操作水平,加强管理等措施,青钢6#高炉冷却壁破损得到有效控制,优化了煤气流分布,实现了炉役后期的高效、低耗、稳定生产。     

Estradiol-induced enhancement of object memory consolidation involves NMDA receptors and protein kinase A in the dorsal hippocampus of female C57BL/6 mice.

This study examined the role of dorsal hippocampal NMDA receptors and PKA activation in 17β-estradiol (E?)-induced enhancement of object memory consolidation. Mice explored two identical objects during training, after which they immediately received intraperitoneal injections of 0.2 mg/kg E?, and bilateral dorsal hippocampal infusions of Vehicle, the NMDA receptor antagonist APV (2.5 μg/side), or the cAMP inhibitor Rp-cAMPS (18.0 μg/side). Retention was tested 48 hours later. The enhanced object memory and increased ERK phosphorylation observed with E? alone was reduced by APV and Rp-cAMPS, suggesting that estrogenic enhancement of object memory involves NMDA receptors and PKA activation within the dorsal hippocampus. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Inactivation of sodium channel Scn8A (Nav1.6) in purkinje neurons impairs learning in Morris Water Maze and delay but not trace eyeblink classical conditioning.

To examine the isolated effects of altered currents in cerebellar Purkinje neurons, the authors used Scn8aflox/flox, Purkinje cell protein-CRE (Pcp-CRE) mice in which Exon 1 of Scn8a is deleted only in Purkinje neurons. Twenty male Purkinje Scn8a knockout (PKJ Scn8a KO) mice and 20 male littermates were tested on the Morris water maze (MWM). Subsequently, half were tested in 500-ms delay and half were tested in 500-ms trace eyeblink conditioning. PKJ Scn8a KO mice were impaired in delay conditioning and MWM but not in trace conditioning. These results provide additional support for the necessary participation of cerebellar cortex in normal acquisition of delay eyeblink conditioning and MWM and raise questions about the role, if any, of cerebellar cortex in trace eyeblink conditioning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Vasopressin and the transmission of paternal behavior across generations in mated, cross-fostered Peromyscus mice.

The role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the nongenomic transfer of paternal behavior from fathers to offspring was examined in Peromyscus. Male California mice (P. californicus) exposed to fewer retrievals by white-footed mouse (P. leucopus) foster parents displayed fewer retrievals of biological offspring. In contrast, white-footed mice were retrieved equally rarely by California mouse foster parents and by biological parents and displayed no changes in pup retrieval behavior. AVP-immunoreactive staining in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis may predict paternal behavior because it correlated positively with retrievals and with a score consisting of huddling, grooming, and time inside the nest. The authors discuss AVP as a possible mechanism by which early experience shapes adult paternal behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)