浅析路桥过渡段的施工技术及管理

通过对高等级公路桥过渡段结构的施工分析,保证路桥过渡段结构的地基条件与路基条件,通过加强路桥过渡段结构的变形控制施工、加强路桥过渡段的施工组织设计、加强台背路堤填筑前的排水施工、加强软基路堤沉降监测和加强施工质量控制等措施,减少因施工方面的原因而加重桥头跳车的现象,对高等级公路桥（涵）过渡段结构的设计、施工与管理具有指导意义。     

浅议铁路软土路基处理技术

随着铁路向高速化发展,路基的沉降变形控制逐渐成为客运专线的关键和重点,为保证路基强度、刚度满足工后沉降要求,客运专线针对不同地质条件的地基采用多种地基处理方法。浅层软弱地基采用换填碾压处理或换填砂垫层处理,深层软弱地基采用排水固结加预压的处理方法。对于工后沉降要求高及路桥、路涵过渡段,根据地质条件和经济比对,采用砂桩、碎石桩、粉喷桩、旋喷桩等地基处理方法。对于有地震液化的粉土或粉细砂层的地基段,采用挤密砂桩的处理方法。本文主要就铁路工程软土路基施工技术进行有效的分析和探讨。     

京沪高速铁路路桥过渡段沉降变形观测与分析

通过对路桥过渡段沉降变形观测数据的统计分析,得出桥台沉降与不同桩基的关系,过渡段路基沉降与不同地基处理方式、路基填筑高度的关系及桥台的高度和桩基础的深度对桥台沉降影响不大等结论,为高速铁路路桥过渡段设计、施工提供了参考。     

路桥交界处地基附加应力修正计算方法

台后地基变形是引起桥台变位的关键因素,对台后过渡段地基变形的探讨有助于对桥台变位问题的深入研究。基于弹性理论,推导了任意断面形式路基荷载作用下,过渡段地基及其临近影响地基内部任意一点的附加应力计算公式,并以铁路标准路基断面为例对推导公式可应用性进行分析,得出路桥过渡段地基附加应力横向和纵向的分布规律,并分析了过渡段路基填筑对既有临近建筑物产生的影响。在此基础上,采取数值模拟的方法,验证了推导公式的合理性。该计算方法思路清晰,数学逻辑严密,且易于计算机编程计算,从而为过渡段及其临近地基附加应力计算提供了理论依据,为桥台变形的研究提供了理论支撑。     

从路基设计谈路桥过渡段不均匀沉降的控制

本文从设计桥头搭板不妥当,桥头地基处理不妥当,对桥头路堤边坡防护采取的措施不够妥当,桥台台背路堤的压实度达不到要求等四个方面对路桥过渡段产生不均匀沉降现状进行了详细分析研究,从正确的安排布置桥台位置,正确的选择比较适宜的桥台的种类,对路桥过渡段的变形的有效控制,对缓和过渡段进行合理的设置,对路桥过渡段的地基和路基达到的条件要求,对路桥过渡段的型式结构设计等六个方面探讨研究了从路基设计对路桥过渡段产生不均匀沉降的有效控制措施。     

浅议过渡段路桥路基变形问题与处理措施研究

在路桥施工中,路桥过渡段是其中的重难点工程,由于其处于刚性桥台和柔性路基搭界的地方,很容易产生变形的问题,而路桥过渡段的质量,又是整个路桥施工质量的基本保障。因此如何利用现有的施工技术和施工方案来有效地解决这一问题,成为路桥施工中十分关键的部分。通过分析路桥过渡段路基的现状及变形引发的一系列问题,进而对相关的处理措施进行探究,以期推动过渡段路桥路基建设稳步发展,促进我国道路、桥梁建设工程呈良好发展态势。     

路桥过渡段路基沉降填土方案及施工技术

通过理论计算,研究了填土为石灰土和素土时的路基沉降规律,并结合工程实例,分析了路桥过渡段路基的沉降原因,从搭板设置、地基处理、台后填筑等环节,提出了路桥过渡段路基路面的施工技术。     

考虑行驶安全的高速路桥过渡段路基防沉降处理措施

在高速路桥工程中,由于工程的复杂性,易引发过渡段路基沉降。为提高路基路面的稳定性,保证行驶安全,需做好相应的防沉降处理措施。通过深入分析桥台台背路堤压实度不够、路面沉陷、路桥的结构沉降量差异及施工技术等路基路面出现沉降的主要原因,结合高速路桥工程的施工特点,提出对应的路基防沉降处理措施,包括科学设立缓和过渡段、提高地基承载力、合理设计挡板长度、压实路基填料等。并依托实际工程,对防沉降处理措施的应用效果进行验证,结果证明,提出的路基防沉降处理措施能够有效减少路基路面沉降,提高行车的安全性。     

铁路路基砂土地震液化及其加固措施

砂土在地震力的作用下变形及稳定与其物理力学性质和结构组成密切相关,且地震对地下结构的破坏,是随其埋深的增加而减轻的,对铁路路基工程而言,在路基本体及周围特定的地质环境条件以及运营过程中列车振动及冲击力的反复作用下,部分改变了原地基的物理力学性质,地基土抗震液化强度也随之改变,使问题变得更为复杂。因此,依据铁路路基工程的实际情况,进行砂土物理力学性质及抗液化强度试验,划分液化区与非液化区对路基工程的设计及加固是十分必要的。     

谈路桥过渡段路基路面设计及施工技术

深入分析了路桥过渡段路基路面的常见质量病害,并以此为基础,对路桥过渡段路基路面的设计和施工技术进行了探讨,指出在实际工程中要最大限度的避免质量病害和问题的出现,保证路桥工程施工的整体质量。     

污泥制砖存在问题浅析

污泥制砖符合国家的环保政策,但在技术方面还待进一步创新和突破。为此分析了污泥制砖在技术方面、环保方面和社会大众认可方面存在问题及相应的改进措施。     

干旱区绿洲环境下的新疆小城镇建设投资

一、研究区域基本现状新疆地处欧亚大陆腹地,地貌轮廓表现为“三山夹两盆”,山地与平原的面积大致各占50%,镶嵌于戈壁沙漠的绿洲仅有7万平方公里。新疆土地面积166.49万平方公里,占全国总面积的六分之一。气候干旱,荒漠广布,是中国最大的干旱区,是亚洲干旱核心区,也是世界上著名的干旱区之一。水资源短缺,生态极度脆弱。新疆2004年底有1950万人,人均GDP已经超过了1000美元,城镇化进入了快速发展阶段,特别是小城镇的发展速度较快。但新疆特殊的干旱区绿洲环境,使得小城镇的发展存在许多问题。一是城镇规模小而散,基础设施配套差,城镇集散和…     

Levels of manganese in the urine of female farmers in non-polluted regions in Japan

Nearly 1500 urine samples were collected from female farmers in eight regions widely scattered in the islands of Japan in the winter of 1987-1988. The samples were analysed for manganese by wet ashing and flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry under strict quality control. The values observed after adjustment for a specific gravity of 1.016 were distributed log-normally with a geometric mean of 0.65 microgram/l and a geometric standard deviation of 2.47. There was no effect of aging or any effect of smoking on the urinary manganese concentration. The inter-regional difference may be present but not yet conclusive. As no sex difference was observed in a previous study, it may be possible to deduce that the value may possibly stand for the "background" level of both men and women, either smoking or non-smoking, among the general Japanese population. The observed value is discussed in comparison with values reported in the literature.     

Typification of Fires in Buildings in Spain

Although the Dirección de General de Protección Civil (DGPC), an agency of the Spanish government, has been responsible for the collection of data and the statistical analysis of fires since 1985, it has not as yet issued any reports. It is true that a couple of studies have been made, but in neither case did they use a standardized methodology but relied simply on the heterogeneous information provided by the fire brigades which cooperated in the studies. At that time Spanish fire brigades did not have special units for professional fire investigation, nor was the information derived from standardized methodologies suited to research purposes. In addition, information was extremely scarce and basic, focussed only on the fire, the use of the building and personal data of the victims. In this context, the project for a Fire Investigation Unit in the Fire Brigade of Málaga (the sixth largest Spanish province in inhabitants) was set up. Although inspired in the methodologies used in the USA and in the UK, the aim was to create a customized methodology for the first scientific investigation of fires in Spain. Our research was conducted in 2007. Using the methodologies of the USA and the UK, our own methodological approach and the Spanish regulations, we drew up a questionnaire with 110 variables arranged into 6 modules. We studied 96 fires out of the 154 emergency fire calls received in 2007, having omitted some emergency calls for various reasons. Our results revealed that it was necessary to generalize the installation of fire extinguishers in residential buildings, to train the general public in the use of these devices, to promote the use of fire and smoke detectors in residential buildings, to encourage the inspection and control of old electric installations and to monitor the new installations, to generalize the implementation of emergency and evacuation plans and to design new systems and materials for the cabinets where hand-held extinguishers are stored.     

分光光度法测水中余氯

介绍了用双硫腙分光光度法测定水中余氯的新方法，阐述了其测定试验过程，根据试验结果显示，其结论符合国家标准，表明该方法可用于自来水等样品中余氯含量的测定，结果比较准确。     

Intersections of inequality in homeownership in Sweden

Abstract

Inequalities relating to ownership of housing have become a major issue de jour in many Western societies. This article examines how the distribution of homeownership in Sweden relates to two factors widely seen as significant to such inequalities, namely parental tenure status and place of birth. We use longitudinal registry data to examine the bearing of these two factors on individual-level tenure progression since the beginning of the 1990s for persons at different stages of their housing careers. We extend existing understandings of Swedish homeownership patterns by demonstrating that inequalities relating to place of birth and parental tenure intersect with one another in ways that substantially advantage certain subgroups while disadvantaging others, and by demonstrating that experiences of entry into homeownership have in recent years been changing in markedly different ways for these different subgroups. Overall, Swedish homeownership inequalities, far from dissipating, appear to be hardening along existing lines.     

莳花在城市绿化中的应用

目的:花化、香化、彩化已成为城市园林绿化的主要趋势,也是为满足人们对环境要求越来越高的一种心境。方法:选择采用莳花能表现出品种繁多,色彩艳丽等不同的方式,从而能在很大程度上丰富了植物造景的层次感要求。结果:能使其达到美化环境、增添节日气氛、提高绿化品质等方面有着突出的作用。结论:莳花造景对城市的美化可达到立杆见影效果,从而提高城市的形象和品位。     

日本城市浅层地下空间利用的新成就

本文结合日本川崎市站前广场和神户市哈巴兰德地区的立体化再开发，分析介绍当前日本浅层地下空间开发利用的成就和特点。     

遗传算法在边坡稳定系数计算中的应用

边坡稳定性的关键问题是确定最危险滑动面(潜在最危险滑动面)和边坡的稳定系数。国内外一般是采用先假定边坡滑移模式,然后近似确定最危险滑动面,再求近似的边坡稳定系数的方法来分析边坡的稳定性,但假设的边坡滑移模式难以反映边坡滑移的实际状态。因此本文探索利用遗传算法搜索最危险滑动面,并得到最小稳定系数及对应的最危险滑动面曲线,取得了较好的效果。     

地质情况复杂地区高速公路隧道地质预报研究

针对地质情况复杂地区垫邻高速公路设计、施工中的具体问题，从地质预报的方法、原理方面入手，对地质情况复杂地区高速公路隧道施工中的地质超前预报工作进行了深入的研究，在分析归纳的基础上，提出合适的工作方法。